“ The Effect of Cellular Phone Radiation for Human”

Contents

Chapter I : Introduction

a. Background

b. Purpose

c. Benefit

Chapter II : The Effect of Cellular Phone radiation for human

a. Definition of Radiation?

b. How the cellular phone radiations work?

c. The effect of cellular phone radiation for human

d. Tips to minimize cellular phone radiation to user.

Chapter III : Conclusion and Suggestion

a. Conclusion

b. Suggestion
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Technology and industry development always is used by human to increase their life

quality. It has been proved that progress technology and industry identical with a good life level.

A good life level always makes an effort ease in communication, among other with is created

cellular phone. It is a cellular phone that is too easy brings everywhere because it has small size

and can be put in our pocket. Nowadays, almost of peoples can be contacted directly and personal

without space and time limitation. Everywhere and every time people can be contacted by others

people just with use cellular phone.

Before appearance of cellular phone, people is difficult to communicated with other

peoples with various of obstacle like cost that is used for far communication is expensive and

amount of cellular phone still less. But after appearance of cellular phone, all of that is change.

There is not again reason people is difficult to contact with other peoples because now cellular

phone has cheap price and almost that everyone have cellular phone even people that has low level

life have had it.

Nowadays development of sophisticated cellular phone tickle scientist to see how far

influence of electromagnetic wave that is radiated by cellular phone emitter toward human’s body.

Cellular phone that is used by human now, helps more in the ease of communication. But,

something is always remembered that signal radiated from cellular phone emitter always follow

norm of radiation electromagnetic wave.

 But in the other hand, there are many effect and society view about appearance of cellular

phone. At this paper work will discuss about influence that has been thought is appear and effect

that is not guessed from appearance of cellular phone, and some view point of society about that

from social, health, education, psychology, and economic aspect.

B. PURPOSE

There are some purpose of this topic, they are:

1. To know how the cellular phone radiation work.

2. To know danger of cellular phone radiation for human.

3. To know how to minimize radiated signal from cellular phone.

C. BENEFIT

From this paper work discussing, we can get some of benefit among other:

1. People can know about cellular phone work.

2. People can know how to danger the cellular phone radiation.

3. People can know how to minimize radiated signal from cellular phone.
 CHAPTER II
THE EFFECT of CELLULAR PHONE RADIATION
FOR HUMAN

A. Definition of Radiation

Generally radiation is a process where energy emitted by one body travels in a straight line

through a medium or through space. Radiation comes from the sun, nuclear reactors, radio

antennas, X-ray machines, and power lines, to name a few. Radiation can be classified as either

ionizing or non-ionizing. Non-ionizing radiation is lower energy radiation that comes from the

lower part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is called non-ionizing because it does not have

enough energy to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule. Examples include

visible light, infrared light, microwave radiation, radio waves, and long wave (low frequency)

radiation. Ionizing radiation has enough energy to detach electrons from atoms or molecules - the

process of ionization. It comes from both subatomic particles and the shorter wave length portion

of the electromagnetic spectrum. Examples include ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays from the

electromagnetic spectrum and subatomic particles such as alpha particles, beta particles, and

neutrons. Subatomic particles are usually emitted as an atom decays and loses protons, neutrons,

electrons, or their antiparticles.

Radiation can also be produced by high-voltage devices (e.g., x-ray machines). Atoms

with unstable nuclei are said to be radioactive. In order to reach stability, these atoms give off, or

emit, the excess energy or mass. These emissions are called radiation. The kinds of radiation are

electromagnetic (like light) and particulate (i.e., mass given off with the energy of motion). There

are three types of ionizing radiation: alpha, beta and gamma:

a. Alpha particles are very heavy and lose their energy quickly. They are positively charged, and

are also quite large, and therefore cannot travel very far, or pass through matter such as a

piece of paper or human skin. However, care should be taken not to swallow or inhale

anything likely to emit alpha particles, as they can cause damage to body organs.

b. Beta particles are small (and negatively charged). They are fast moving and can travel further

than alpha particles. They can penetrate up to 1 - 2 centimeters of matter such as human skin.

c. Gamma rays are high-energy waves, similar to light, but have much higher energy, and can

travel very long distances. However, matter such as concrete, lead or metal, or even water can

stop them in their tracks.

When ionizing radiation hits any material or the human body, that material or body does

not become radioactive. Two other types of radiation are neutron particles and cosmic rays.

Neutron radiation occurs inside a nuclear reactor, and cosmic radiation occurs in outer space. In

physics, radiation describes any process in which energy emitted by one body travels through a

medium or through space, ultimately to be absorbed by another body. Non-physicists often

associate the word with ionizing radiation (e.g., as occurring in nuclear weapons, nuclear reactors,

and radioactive substances), but it can also refer to electromagnetic radiation (i.e., radio waves,

infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, and X-rays) which can also be ionizing radiation, to

acoustic radiation, or to other more obscure processes. What makes it radiation is that the energy

radiates (i.e., it travels outward in straight lines in all directions) from the source. This geometry

naturally leads to a system of measurements and physical units that are equally applicable to all

types of radiation.
B. How the Cellular Phone Radiation Work

At cellular phone there are transmitter that change sound become sinusoidal continue then it

is radiated out through the antenna and this wave fluctuation through the air. Here is radio wave

that appears electromagnetic radiation. Cellular phone appears radiation wave when it is active; at

receive calling or do calling. Maybe we haven’t consider radiation effect that is appeared it or we

don’t want to take dizzy about that. However, we must show attitude care for the effect that is

caused from now.

If cellular phone is active, cellular phone will reply control signal from the nearest

mother station. If cellular phone has found the nearest mother station in network, cellular phone

will perform connection. Then cellular phone will stay in ready situation; just once repair its

connection with network until user calling or receive calling. Cellular phone use power control

to decrease transmitted power as minimal maybe and defend a good calling quality. Example,

when we use cellular phone, the power product can various average between minimum level

about 0,001 watt until maximum level about less than 1 watt. This figure is designed to prolong

time wear. All of that process causes cellular phone take outside electromagnetic radiation and

has penetrated power radiation into body. More high radiation frequency, so is lower penetrated

power. At cellular phone in D 900 MHz network, radiation enter until 2,5 cm, while at E 1.800

MHz, only 1 cm enter into body.

Result of observation at radiation wave measurement from some of cellular phone that is

active. This measurement way is done by use radiation meter. This radiation meter usually is

worn to detect there is radiation signal from one source (X-ray or Gamma ray) by radiation

worker. From this tool, it will be tried to know how much radiation that is appeared at cellular

phone active do is calling.

 For examples Nokia 3310 and 3330, at cellular phone active do is calling, that cellular

phone is sticker in the radiation meter, like if we use cellular phone and stick it in our ear.

Radiation meter record that there is radiation explanation between 5 mil rem/ hours. While limit

threshold that can be received by human is 0,125 mil rem/hours.

Then that is repeated again with different cellular phone distance. It is made about 5 cm

from radiation meter. That is show decrease of radiation explanation. At cellular phone distance

is made wide about 10 cm, only some of cellular phone that still appear radiation, but this

amount is very minimum. Although, this experiment is not valid in measurement but this result

can be made as reference about radiation effect when we receive calling.

SAR (watt/kg) is defined as limit save amount of radiation maximum electromagnetic

wave from cellular phone if consist of 1 Kg body tissue of human at use cellular phone.

Temporary standard that is followed in European has mark SAR < 2.0. FCC-Federal

Communication Commission, AS decide < 1.6. Index SAR some of product cellular phone based

on FCC, United State, and UK are:

Cellular Phone Type SAR

Motorola V3688/808 0.02
Nokia 8810 0.22
Nokia 6110 0.87
Nokia 6150 0.98
Ericsson T18s 0.97
Nokia 6150 0.98
Nokia 8210 1.09
Nokia 3210 1.14
C. The effect of Cellular Phone radiation for Human

Based on observation of Reflex institution, that is under Germany researchers

coordination search the effect of cellular phone radiation in animal and human cell in the

laboratory. Result of observation show that there is DNA destroyed that increase as significant.

That happens after cell is worn electromagnetic wave. While cell is hitted electromagnetic field
that is not all of it is reported has ability to repair damage of DNA. Damage also appears at next

cell generation, so cells that do mutation has potency cause cancer. Until now, result of

observation has not been published official in scientific journal also report that other effect of

cellular phone.

The observation is done with use Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) between 0,3 and 2 watt

per kilogram. SAR is reference that is used to measured absorption body level to cellular phone

emission. Majority of cellular phone that is sold radiated radio signal with SAR level 0,5-1 watt

per kilogram.

The result also guesses cellular phone has some effect at human body, except heat body

tissue, headaches, and stick. Although, until now, there has not one result of observation that can

give prove that cellular phone has danger effect permanently. However, sureness observation still

need four and five years again. That mean that scientists realize still is need observation

continually to determine real effect from cellular phone toward human health. While according

to Sienkiewicz result of observation that is done by Reflax has not shown there is biology change

that can cause diseases.

One of observation newest about negative effect of cellular phone nowadays that is done

by scientists from Australian, English, and Holland. It is published in International Journal of

Neuroscience. In that journal said that use cellular phone can influence way function of brain.

One of negative effect is weaken power of brain. Beside it can influence at brain,

electromagnetic wave that is produce from cellular phone in long time can cause cancer at

human body and can disturb richness.

 1). Human

a. Gangguan Reproduksi

Seperti sebuah mitos, tetapi ada sedikit data yang menyebutkan bahwa handphone dapat

memberikan efek pada kesuburan pria. Faktanya, sebuah penelitian yang dipublikasikan jurnal

medis, Fertility & Serility, menguji penggunaan handphone oleh 361 pria pada sebuah klinik

kesuburan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa semakin sering seorang pria menggunakan handphone-

nya, semakin rendah jumlah, kualitas dan ketahanan sperma mereka.

Pada bulan Oktober, dilaporkan sebuah penelitian yang dilakukan pada hewan

menemukan bahwa tikus yang diberi emisi handphone 6 jam perhari selama 18 minggu memiliki

kecenderungan yang lebih besar mengalami kematian sperma dibandingkan dengan tikus yang

tidak diberi perlakuan. Peneliti tersebut mengatakan dari hasil tersebut bisa diyakini membawa

handphone dekat dengan alat reproduksi dapat memberi efek negatif pada kesuburan.

b. Tumor Mulut

Penggunaan ponsel dalam waktu lama dan rutin akan meningkatkan resiko tumor sekitar

50 persen dibanding mereka yang sama sekali tak menggunakan ponsel. Studi baru yang

dilakukan ilmuwan Israel yang hasil penelitiannya dimuat di American Journal of Epidemiology

menyatakan bahwa setidaknya 402 orang mengalami tumor mulut dalam kondisi sedang,

sementara 56 lainnya masuk kategori kanker ganas. Penelitian ini melibatkan 1.266 pengguna

ponsel. Mereka yang menggunakan ponsel lebih dari normal, atau menggunakan dalam waktu

lama dan kontinyu beresiko mengembangkan tumor pada parotid gland (kelenjar liur), yang

terletak di mulut dengan posisi dekat telinga. Pengguna ponsel di area pedesaan atau kawasan

pinggiran, di mana ponsel bekerja lebih keras untuk melakukan kontak dengan BTS (Base

Transceiver Station) terdekat, beresiko lebih besar terkena tumor.

 Studi menyebutkan bidang elektromagnetik yang dipancarkan ponsel secara kontinyu

akan membuat sel tubuh bereaksi berlebihan. Namun tingkat radiasi ponsel yang digunakan

selama ini masih dinilai terlalu kecil efeknya pada kesehatan bahkan untuk mengacaukan atau

merusak struktur DNA. Para ilmuwan masih terus melanjutkan misteri efek ponsel pada

kesehatan ini.

Namun dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan teknologi handphone terhadap kesehatan dapat

kita hindarkan dengan menggunakan handsfree agar radiasi yang di pancarkan oleh handphone

tidak langsung memancar ke otak.

c. Kanker

d. Tumor otak

e. Alzheimer

f. Parkinson

g. Fatigue (terlalu capai)

h. Sakit kepala

D. How to minimize cellular phone radiation to user

Dengan menggabungkan seluruh referensi yang ada maka penulis memilih 10 tips untuk

meminimalis dampak radiasi ponsel :

1) Batasi menggunakan ponsel untuk menelpon, hanya untuk hal-hal penting dan usahakan

sesingkat mungkin.

2) Bagi anak-anak, hanya perbolehkan mereka menggunakan ponsel dalam keadaan darurat.
3) Gunakan headset airtube bukannya wireles headset pada umunya.

4) Jangan menyimpan ponsel di saku atau ikat pinggang pada saat ponsel dalam kondisi on.

5) Tunggu sampai telepon anda sudah tersambung ke tempat tujuan sebelum mendekatkan

ponsel ke telinga.

6) Jangan menggunakan ponsel di dalam ruangan yang dipenuhi metal/logam seperti kendaraan

maupun elevator/lift.

7) Jangan melakukan pembicaraan via ponsel di saat sinyal hanya sampe satu bar atau kurang

dari itu.

8) Belilah ponsel dengan kadar SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) yang rendah.

9) Gunakan alat proteksi EMF yang resmi.

10) Minum secara rutin suplemen bernutrisi.

Oleh karena itu, sebaiknya sejak saat ini kita mencoba untuk meminimalisir efek radiasi yang

kita terima. Berbagai usaha bisa kita lakukan, seperti: Menjaga jarak sejauh mungkin, antara

telinga dan ponsel, saat kita sedang aktif berbicara. Kemudian, menggunakan aksesoris yang

dapat mengurangi efek radiasi dari ponsel. Atau dapat juga dengan menggunakan hand set atau

handsfree, sehingga radiasi yang keluar dari ponsel tidak akan langsung mengenai tubuh kita.

CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

1. Di saat kita berkoneksi dengan service provider ( voice calls, video calls, SMS, MMS, dan

yang lainnya) maka emitter ponsel memancarkan radiasi elektromagnetik. Radiasi ini
 dapat menembus bagian tubuh sampai 2,5 cm terutama telinga (kepala). Semakin tinggi

frekuansi yang digunakan ponsel maka semakin rendah daya tembusnya kedalam tubuh.

2. Radiasi ponsel mempunyai beberapa dampak pada tubuh manusia, semisal memanasnya

jaringan tubuh, terjadinya sakit kepala, dan perasaan muak hingga dampak yang yang

paling besar yaitu adanya kerusakan DNA, sehingga sel yang melakukan mutasi

berpotensi menyebabkan kanker.

3. Meminimalis radiasi ponsel yaitu dengan tidak mendekatkan ponsel yang sedang

terkoneksi dengan service provider (voice calls, video calls, SMS, MMS, dan yang

lainnya) dengan bagian tubuh manapun. Dan menghindari ruang logam tertutup saat

terkoneksi.

4. Sebaiknya gunakan speaker daripada mendekatkan ponsel ke telinga. Jarak otak dan

telinga yang dekat akan membuat radiasinya cepat masuk ke otak. Menggunakan speaker

bisa menjauhkan jarak radiasi hingga 15 inci dan mengurangi RF ke otak.

5. Di saat kita berkoneksi dengan service provider ( voice calls, video calls, SMS, MMS, dan

yang lainnya) maka emitter ponsel memancarkan radiasi elektromagnetik. Radiasi ini

dapat menembus bagian tubuh sampai 2,5 cm terutama telinga (kepala). Semakin tinggi

frekuansi yang digunakan ponsel maka semakin rendah daya tembusnya kedalam tubuh.

6. Radiasi ponsel mempunyai beberapa dampak pada tubuh manusia, semisal memanasnya

jaringan tubuh, terjadinya sakit kepala, dan perasaan muak hingga dampak yang yang

paling besar yaitu adanya kerusakan DNA, sehingga sel yang melakukan mutasi

berpotensi menyebabkan kanker.

7. Meminimalis radiasi ponsel yaitu dengan tidak mendekatkan ponsel yang sedang

terkoneksi dengan service provider (voice calls, video calls, SMS, MMS, dan yang
 lainnya) dengan bagian tubuh manapun. Dan menghindari ruang logam tertutup saat

terkoneksi.

B. SUGGESTION

Berikut ada beberapa saran untuk mengurangi resiko efek radiasi HP :

1. Menggunakan hand-free headset

2. Menggunakan HP yang antennanya sejauh mungkin dari kita

3. Jauhkan antenna selama pemakaian

4. Kurangi menelpon menggunakan HP dalam gedung

5. Mempergunakan HP di ruangan terbuka sesering mungkin

6. Kurangi pemakaian untuk anak-anak

EMF-Health.com mempublikasikan 10 langkah yang dapat diambil untuk

meminimalisir efek dari radiasi ponsel:

1. Batasi menggunakan ponsel untuk nelpon, hanya untuk hal-hal penting dan usahakan

sesingkat mungkin

2. Bagi anak-anak, hanya perbolehkan mereka menggunakan ponsel dalam keadaan darurat.

3. Gunakan headset airtube bukannya wires headset pada umunya.

4. Jangan menyimpan ponsel di saku atau ikat pinggang pada saat ponsel dalam kondisi on.

5. Tunggu sampai telepon anda sudah nyambung ke tempat tujuan sebelum mendekatkan

ponsel ke telinga

6. Jangan gunakan ponsel di dalam ruangan yang dipenuhi metal/logam seperti kendaraan

maupun elevator/lift.
7. Jangan melakukan pembicaraan via ponsel di saat sinyal hanya sampe satu bar atau kurang

dari itu.

8. Belilah ponsel dengan kadar SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) yang rendah

9. Gunakan alat proteksi EMF yang resmi.

10. Minum secara rutin suplemen bernutrisi.