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    Dipole Antenna

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    Anupam Dey
    The document describes the operation of a half-wave dipole antenna. It has a length equal to half the wavelength of the signal it operates on. Electrons inside the antenna oscillate back and forth as the signal voltage alternates between positive and negative peaks, radiating an electromagnetic field. The radiation pattern of a half-wave dipole is omni-directional in the horizontal plane and bidirectional in the vertical plane. It has reasonable directivity and impedance that matches transmission lines well, making it suitable for applications like radio and TV receivers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Dipole Antenna

    Uploaded by

    Anupam Dey
    35 views6 pages
    The document describes the operation of a half-wave dipole antenna. It has a length equal to half the wavelength of the signal it operates on. Electrons inside the antenna oscillate back and forth as the signal voltage alternates between positive and negative peaks, radiating an electromagnetic field. The radiation pattern of a half-wave dipole is omni-directional in the horizontal plane and bidirectional in the vertical plane. It has reasonable directivity and impedance that matches transmission lines well, making it suitable for applications like radio and TV receivers.

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    Dipole Antenna

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    The document describes the operation of a half-wave dipole antenna. It has a length equal to half the wavelength of the signal it operates on. Electrons inside the antenna oscillate back and forth as the signal voltage alternates between positive and negative peaks, radiating an electromagnetic field. The radiation pattern of a half-wave dipole is omni-directional in the horizontal plane and bidirectional in the vertical plane. It has reasonable directivity and impedance that matches transmission lines well, making it suitable for applications like radio and TV receivers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views6 pages

    Dipole Antenna

    Uploaded by

    Anupam Dey
    The document describes the operation of a half-wave dipole antenna. It has a length equal to half the wavelength of the signal it operates on. Electrons inside the antenna oscillate back and forth as the signal voltage alternates between positive and negative peaks, radiating an electromagnetic field. The radiation pattern of a half-wave dipole is omni-directional in the horizontal plane and bidirectional in the vertical plane. It has reasonable directivity and impedance that matches transmission lines well, making it suitable for applications like radio and TV receivers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    AIM : To write a program to plot the radiation pattern of Dipole Antenna.

    THEORY : The dipole antenna is cut and bent for effective radiation. The length of the total
    wire, which is being used as a dipole, equals half of the wavelength (i.e., l = λ/2). Such an
    antenna is called as half-wave dipole antenna. This is the most widely used antenna
    because of its advantages. It is also known as Hertz antenna.

    Frequency range
    The range of frequency in which half-wave dipole operates is around 3KHz to 300GHz. This
    is mostly used in radio receivers.

    Construction & Working of Half-wave Dipole


    It is a normal dipole antenna, where the frequency of its operation is half of its wavelength.
    Hence, it is called as half-wave dipole antenna.

    The edge of the dipole has maximum voltage. This voltage is alternating (AC) in nature. At
    the positive peak of the voltage, the electrons tend to move in one direction and at the
    negative peak, the electrons move in the other direction. This can be explained by the
    figures given below.

    Working Half-Wave Dipole


    The figures given above show the working of a half-wave dipole.
    Fig 1 shows the dipole when the charges induced are in positive half cycle. Now the
    electrons tend to move towards the charge.

    Fig 2 shows the dipole with negative charges induced. The electrons here tend to move
    away from the dipole.

    Fig 3 shows the dipole with next positive half cycle. Hence, the electrons again move
    towards the charge.

    The cumulative effect of this produces a varying field effect which gets radiated in the same
    pattern produced on it. Hence, the output would be an effective radiation following the
    cycles of the output voltage pattern. Thus, a half-wave dipole radiates effectively.

    Radiates Effectively
    The above figure shows the current distribution in half wave dipole. The directivity of half
    wave dipole is 2.15dBi, which is reasonably good. Where, ‘i’ represents the isotropic
    radiation.

    Radiation Pattern
    The radiation pattern of this half-wave dipole is Omni-directional in the H-plane. It is
    desirable for many applications such as mobile communications, radio receivers etc.

    Omni-Directional
    The above figure indicates the radiation pattern of a half wave dipole in both H-plane and
    V-plane.

    The radius of the dipole does not affect its input impedance in this half wave dipole,
    because the length of this dipole is half wave and it is the first resonant length. An antenna
    works effectively at its resonant frequency, which occurs at its resonant length.

    Advantages
    The following are the advantages of half-wave dipole antenna −

    Input impedance is not sensitive.

    Matches well with transmission line impedance.

    Has reasonable length.


    Length of the antenna matches with size and directivity.

    Disadvantages
    The following are the disadvantages of half-wave dipole antenna −

    Not much effective due to single element.

    It can work better only with a combination.

    Applications
    The following are the applications of half-wave dipole antenna −

    Used in radio receivers.

    Used in television receivers.

    When employed with others, used for wide variety of applications

    MATLAB PROGRAM :
    %This program print pattern (AF) for Short and any Dipole %Antenna by giving the length
    of your Dipole and the %wavelength you work with
    clc;
    lamda=input('enter the value of wave length= ');
    l=input('enter your dipole length l in terms of lamda(for ex: 0.5 for 0.5lamda)= ');
    ratio=l/lamda;
    B=(2*pi/lamda);
    theta= pi/100:pi/100:2*pi;
    if ratio<= 0.1 %check if Short Dipole
    E=sin(theta);
    En=abs(E);
    polar(theta,En) %This plot polar pattern in plane which dipole appear as line
    else %check if not short dipole
    f1=cos(B*l/2.*cos(theta));
    f2=cos(B*l/2);
    f3=sin(theta);
    E=(f1-f2)./f3;
    En=abs(E);
    polar(theta,En) %This plot polar pattern in plane which dipole appear as line
    end
    OUTPUT :
    enter the value of wave length= 1
    enter your dipole length l in terms of lamda(for ex: 0.5 for 0.5lamda)= 0.5
    CONCLUSIONS :

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