Erika Anne M.

Cadawan
BSN2A

Solve for the following problems with the appropriate type of ANOVA.
1. The table below lists body temperatures obtained randomly selected subjects. The
temperatures are categorized according to gender and whether the subject uses drug.
Using a 0.05 significance level, test for an interaction between gender and usage of drug,
test for an effect from gender, and test for an effect from usage of drug. What do you
conclude?
ANSWER:
Hypothesis and Level of Significance
H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3 = μ4 (There is no significant difference in mean weight between gender and
usage of drug and test for an effect from usage of drug)
H1: Means are not all equal. There is a significant difference in mean weight between gender and
usage of drug and test for an effect from usage of drug)
Step 1: Compute for the sums in the table.
Use Drug Does Not Use Drug Row Total
Male 98.4 98.4 R1 = 782
97.4 97.4
96.8 97.4
98.2 98.0

392.6 391.2
Female 98.6 97.0 R2 = 786
99.3 98.4
98.2 97.2
98.6 98.7

394.7 391.3
Column Total C1 = 785.5 C2 = 782.5

Two-Way ANOVA study on the body temperatures of randomly selected subjects regarding
the:
 Interaction between gender and usage of drug
 Effect from gender
 Effect from usage of drug

 Correction term (Cx) = (ΣX)^2 ÷ No.of observations

Cx = (98.4 + 97.4 + 96.8 + 98.2 + 98.6 + 99.3 + 98.2 + 98.6 + 98.4 + 97.4 + 97.4 + 98.0 + 97.0 +
98.4 + 97.2 + 98.7) ^2 ÷ 16  1568 ÷ 16 = 98
 Sum of Squares of Total: SSt = Σ(X^2) – Cx

SST = (98.4^2 + 97.4^2 + 96.8^2 + 98.2^2 + 98.6^2 + 99.3^2 + 98.2^2 + 98.6^2 + 98.4^2 +
97.4^2 + 97.4^2 + 98.0^2 + 97.0^2 + 98.4^2 + 97.2^2 + 98.7^2) – 98  9682.56 + 9486.76 +
9370.24 + 9643.24 + 9721.96 + 9860.49 + 9643.24 + 9721.96 + 9682.56 + 9486.76 + 9486.76 +
9604 + 9409 + 9682.56 + 9447.84 + 9741.69 – 98  153671.62 – 98 = 153573.62

For Variation in Effect from gender

Sum of Squares of Columns: SSc = Σ(Ci) ^2 ÷ a – Cx

SSC = Σ(Ci) ^2 ÷ a – Cx = (785.5^2 + 782.5^2) ÷ 8 – 98 = 617010.25 + 612306.25 ÷ 8 – 98 

153664.5625 – 98 = 153566.5625

For Variation in Effect from usage of drug

Sum of Squares of Rows: SSr = Σ(Ri) ^2 ÷ b – Cx

SSR = Σ(Ri) ^2 ÷ b – Cx = (782^2 + 786^2) ÷ 8 – 98  (611524 + 617796) ÷ 8 – 98  153665

– 98 = 153567

Sum of Squares within groups: SSG = Σ(Σ(Xg^2) ÷ r – Cx – SSC – SSR

SSG = (392.6^2 + 394.7^2 + 391.2^2 + 391.3^2) ÷ 4 – 98 - 153566.5625 – 153567 

154134.76 + 155788.09 + 153037.44 + 153115.69 ÷ 4 – 98 - 153566.5625 – 153567 
115759.635 – 98 - 153566.5625 – 153567 = -191472.5625

Residual Sum of Squares: SSE = SST – SSC – SSR – SSG

SSE = 153573.62 - 153566.5625 – 153567 – (-191472.5625) = 37912.62

Step 3: Table for Two-Way ANOVA:

Degrees of Sum of Squares Mean of Sum of F Ratio
Freedom (df) Squares
F= MSSx ÷
MSSx = SS ÷ df MSSe
Effect from (C – 1) = 1 153566.5625 MSSC = 48.61
gender 153566.5625
Effect from (R – 1) = 1 153567 MSSR = 153567 48.61
usage
Interaction (C – 1) (R – 1) = -191472.5625 MSSG = -60.60
1 -191472.5625
 Residual CR (n – 1)  37912.62 MSSe =
(2)(2)(4-1) = 12 3159.385
Total (N – 1) = 15

Legends:
 C – No. of Columns (Effect from Gender) = 2
 R – No. of Rows (Effect from Usage) = 2
 N – Total Number of male and female = 16
 N – No. of gender in a group male and female = 4

Step 4. Based on the value of F-Ratio, determine the decision based on F-distribution.
Degrees of F-Ratio Critical F at
Freedom (df) alpha = 0.05
Effects from (C – 1) = 1 48.61 > F(1.15) = 4.54
gender Greater Than
SIGNIFICANT
Effects from (R – 1) = 1 48.61 > F(1.15) = 4.54
Usage Greater Than
SIGNIFICANT
Interaction (C – 1) (R – 1) = -60.60 < F(1.15) = 4.54
1 Less Than
NOT
SIGNIFICANT
Residual CR (n – 1) 
(2)(2)(4-1) = 12
Total (N – 1) = 15

Step 5. Final Conclusion:

At 95% level of confidence,
For Interaction between gender and usage of drug
 Gender and usage of drug DOES NOT have interactive relationships.
For the Effect from gender
 Gender does influence temperature.
For the Effect from usage of drug
 Usage of drugs does influence temperature.

2. Listed below are amounts of nicotine (mg per cigarette) in king-size cigarettes, 100-mm
menthol cigarettes, and 100-mm nonmenthol cigarettes. Use a 0.05 significance level to
test the claim that the three categories of cigarettes yield the same mean amount of
nicotine

King Menthol One Hundred

1.1 1.1 0.4

1.7 0.8 1.0

1.7 1.0 1.2

1.1 0.9 0.8

1.1 0.8 0.8

1.4 0.8 1.0

1.1 0.8 1.1

ANSWER:
Hypothesis and Level of Significance
H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3 = μ4 (There is no significant difference that the three categories of cigarettes
yield the same mean amount of nicotine.)
H1: Means are not all equal. There is a significant difference that the three categories of
cigarettes yield the same mean amount of nicotine.
Anova: Single
Factor

SUMMARY
Varianc
Groups Count Sum Average e
1.31428 0.08142 0.28535
King 7 9.2 6 9 7
0.88571 0.01476 0.12149
Menthol 7 6.2 4 2 9
0.26457
One Hundred 7 6.3 0.9 0.07 5

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
0.829 0.41476 7.48710 0.00430 3.55455
Between Groups 5 2 2 6 4 7
 0.997 0.05539
Within Groups 1 18 7

1.826
Total 7 20        

 We reject the H0 because 7.487106 > 0.05. We have statistically significant evidence at
α=0.05 to show that there is significant difference in the three categories of cigarettes
yield in the nicotine.

3. Refer to the following list of numbers of years that U.S. Presidents, Popes, and British
monarchs lived after their inauguration, election, or coronation, respectively. Assume
that the data are samples randomly selected from larger populations. Use a 0.05
significance level to test the claim that the amount of years served by these three have
the same mean.
Presidents Popes Monarchs
10 2 17
29 9 6
26 21 13
28 3 12
15 6  
23    

ANSWER:
Hypothesis and Level of Significance
H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3 = μ4 (The amount of years served by the three have the same mean.)
H1: Means are not all equal. The amount of years served by the three have the different mean.
α=0.05
Anova: Single
Factor

SUMMARY
Coun Averag Varianc
Groups t Sum e e
21.8333 58.9666
Presidents 6 131 3 7
Popes 5 41 8.2 58.7
Monarchs 4 48 12 20.6666
 7

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
5.53417 0.01981 3.88529
Between Groups 545.7 2 272.85 1 5 4
591.6 49.3027
Within Groups 3 12 8

1137.
Total 3 14        

 We reject the H0 because 5.53 > 0.05. We have statistically significant evidence at
α=0.05 to show that the amount of years served by these three have the different mean.