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Circuluar Economy Review Paper Draft

Sustainable manufacturing is a key aspect of the UN's 2030 agenda, focusing on integrating products, processes, and systems for economic growth while addressing the impacts of COVID-19. The shift towards sustainable practices has led to increased consumer demand for eco-friendly products, prompting manufacturers to adopt sustainable strategies. Concepts like the circular economy and the 6R framework emphasize reducing waste and resource use throughout the product lifecycle, promoting a more sustainable approach to manufacturing.

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Sagar Dhage
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47 views2 pages

Circuluar Economy Review Paper Draft

Sustainable manufacturing is a key aspect of the UN's 2030 agenda, focusing on integrating products, processes, and systems for economic growth while addressing the impacts of COVID-19. The shift towards sustainable practices has led to increased consumer demand for eco-friendly products, prompting manufacturers to adopt sustainable strategies. Concepts like the circular economy and the 6R framework emphasize reducing waste and resource use throughout the product lifecycle, promoting a more sustainable approach to manufacturing.

Uploaded by

Sagar Dhage
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction

The need of sustainable development is well recognised by the various nations across the

globe. Sustainable manufacturing is one the aspect of Goal -9 of United Nations 2030 agenda

for sustainable development as ‘Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and

sustainable industrialization and foster innovation’. The sustainable manufacturing integrate

the products, process and systems to create a value and economic growth1. The COVID-19

pandemic significantly affects the global manufacturing industries in a hard way. However,

COVID-19 pandemic brought the rapid cultural shift in favour of sustainable development.

According to a report by Accenture, 45% of consumers have started making more sustainable

product selections in the wake of COVID-19 2. With disruption in supply chain, shortage of

raw materials, and scarcity of other resources, manufactures are looking forward to adopting

the sustainable manufacturing strategies in their production for the long-term business

sustainability.

Green manufacturing is a part of sustainable manufacturing and involves using environmental

friendly and energy efficient production process, with less use of natural resource 3. various

strategies are evolved to adopt the green manufacturing processes in practice, over the past

decade.

Pearce and Turner 4 introduced the concept of circular economy in his book ‘Economics of

Natural Resources and the Environment’ and emphasis on the theme of sustainable economic

development by limiting waste and conscious use of natural resources. William McDonough

and chemist Michael Braungart present the Cradle-to-Cradle (C2C) regenerative design

framework where waste of one system becomes resource for another system making system

more eco-effective5.

The circular economy was practically realised by concept of 3Rs, namely Reduce, Reuse, and
Recycle, introduced in the 1990s. It emphasis on benefits of recycling waste in the form

water, energy and other by-product and reuse in the production system and thereby reduce the

pollutant and wastage of resources 6. However,the concept of 3R is limited to manufacturing

strategy of a product. Jawahir and Dillon Jr (2007) introduced the concept of 6R which

consider close loop system based on total life cycle of product. It elaborates the incorporated

the sustainable conditions over multiple life cycles. In the 6R concept, Reduce refers to

reduce the use of natural resources such as energy, raw material and other resources and

reduction in emissions and waste generation. Reuse refers to the product or component at the

end-of-life cycle to reduce the use of raw material to produce new product or components.

Recycle refers to recycling of waste material and again use the process. Recover involves

collection product at end of usage stage. The recovered components often needs disassembly,

sorting and cleaning process before the utilisation in the next life cycle of the product. These

recovered component or material can be again used after the redesign of next generation

product. Remanufacture refers to reprocessing of already used products for restoration to a

like-new condition by reusing as many parts as possible 1,7.

Figure 1. 6R-based sustainable manufacturing7

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