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Home automation through FPGA controller

Conference Paper · November 2015

DOI: 10.1109/GET.2015.7453813

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2015 Online International Conference on Green Engineering and Technologies (IC-GET 2015)

Home Automation Through FPGA Controller

Shubhi sharma, Jagdeesh Boddu, Guru Sai Charan,Sarvesh sharma, S.Sivanantham and K.Sivasankaran
School of Electronics Engineering
VIT University,
Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
[email protected]

Abstract— In recent years, the home automation has seen a A. Temperature Sensor
rapid introduction of network enabled digital technologies. These Here we are using LM35 as temperature sensor. In this
technologies offer new and exciting opportunities to increase the case we will get the output which is proportional to the
connectivity of devices within the home for the purpose of home temperature, the value will be in degree celcius.LM35 is more
automation. In this paper, we present the design and
implementation of home automation system. The design has been
accurate than normal thermistor. There will not be occurrence
described using Verilog and implemented in hardware using of oxidation because of the usage of sealing over the circuitry.
FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). This system uses On comparing with thermocouple LM35 produces higher
sensors for controlling home appliances. The system uses wireless output voltages. Since it is producing higher output voltage,
technology to improve the standards of living. there is no need of separate amplification. By means of using
this increment as well as decrement in the temperature can
understand. It is having maximum supply voltage of 35v and
maximum output voltage of 6v.In addition, output current,
Index terms-- FPGA , sensors, LM35, verilog maximum junction temperature are 10mA, 150degree celcius
respectively.
I. INTRODUCTION
B. Light Dependent Resistor
The home automation improves the lifestyle of the control
The LDR is made up of photo conductive cells .Cadmium
of the home devices. As the devices are filling the home, the
Sulphide is used. By illuminating, the resistance of light
home appliances are filling the homes to improve the comfort
sensitive resistors (photo conductive cells) will decrease with
to the user. Here we are using FPGA as controller to control
increase in the intensity of light. We are using Cadmium
the devices connected to it. We are controlling home
Sulphide, because of its specific nature of spectral response
appliances using sensors. We are using the FPGA other than
which matches with the human eye. On comparing with photo
the micro controller because we can connect many devices
resistive cells they are having shortest response time. It is also
which can be monitored and the FPGA can be used as a
characterized by its small size and low cost. Photo conductive
controller or a processor. The devices connected to the FPGA
cells are also having the peculiarity that their working can be
are the dc motor, stepper motor and a led .With the help of dc
controlled by using simple torch as light source.560 nm to
motor we are constructing a robot and controlling the
600nm is is its peak sensitivity wavelength which is in the
navigation of robot with the help of the android mobile.
visible spectral range. It have short response time compared
In this paper we are performing home automation using the
with photo resistive cells .It have response time 30ms, and light
finite state machine (FSM)
resistance is 18 to 50 kilo ohms and dark resistance of 2 Mega
II. OBJECTIVE Ohms.
Our objective is to design a FPGA based home monitoring
C. PIR Sensor
system. We are using the FPGA other than the micro controller
A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic
because we can connect many devices which can be monitored
sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects
and the FPGA can be used as a controller or a processor. The
in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based
devices connected to the FPGA are the dc motor, stepper motor
motion Detectors. Usage of circuitry and time saving nature. In
and a led. The design has been described using Verilog and
addition it is having adjustable sensitivity and output LED
implemented in hardware using FPGA (Field Programmable
indicator.
Gate Array). This system uses sensors for controlling home
All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit
appliances. The system uses wireless technology to improve
heat energy in the form of radiation. Usually this radiation is
the standards of living
invisible to the human eye because it radiates at infrared
III. LITERATURE REVIEW wavelengths, but it can be detected by electronic devices
designed for such a purpose.
In this project we are using temperature sensor, Light
The term passive in this instance refers to the fact that PIR
Dependent Resistor, PIR sensor integrated with FPGA
devices do not generate or radiate any energy for detection
controller.

978-1-4673-8625-8 58
2015 Online International Conference on Green Engineering and Technologies (IC-GET 2015)

purposes. They work entirely by detecting the energy given

off by other objects. PIR sensors don't detect or measure
"heat"; instead they detect the infrared radiation emitted or
reflected from an object.
IV. METHODOLOGY
In this project we are using sensor for operating home
appliances i.e. Light, Fan, Sliding Door, and compound light.
For this purpose we have integrated the FPGA with IR sensor,
LDR sensor, and temperature sensor.
Fig.2.Light Dependent resistor

A. LDR Sensors
LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful
especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance
of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms,
but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops
dramatically. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with
increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits
photoconductivity. A photoresistor can be applied in light-
sensitive detector circuits, and light- and dark-activated
switching circuits.
In this project we are using sequence detection method for
LDR sensor. We are assigning a sequence (10011) for LDR
sensor as threshold value of resistance. In sequence detector
continuous serial data coming whenever the required sequence
is detected it gives output similarly when LDR’s resistance
increase above the sequence (10011) the compound light will
be glow. Sequence 10011 is the minimum resistance value of
LDR’s above this value voltage drop is sufficient to glow the
compound light.

Fig.1.IR Sensor

Human body emits radiation which are not detected by

human eyes. For detecting these radiation we are using IR
sensor. After detecting signal it send a command signal to
FPGA controller to show the output.
In this project we are using sequence detection method for
IR sensor. We are assigning a sequence (10010) for IR sensor
as threshold value of detecting objects. In sequence detector Fig.3.LDR Sequence Detection
continuous serial data coming whenever the required sequence B. Temperature sensor
is detected it gives output similarly IR continuous transmitting
signal when object is detect then it will show output. So We are controlling a A.C. by using temperature sensor.
whenever 10010 sequence detecting the output will be glow. According the temperature A.C. will be start automatically.
Output of IR sensor is Sliding door. Door will be automatics In this project we are using sequence detection method for
open. temperature sensor. We are assigning a sequence (11011) for
temperature sensor as threshold value of temperature. In
sequence detector continuous serial data coming whenever the
required sequence is detected it gives output.

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2015 Online International Conference on Green Engineering and Technologies (IC-GET 2015)

V. SIMULATION

Fig.4.Simulation of IR Sensor

Fig.5.Simulation of LDR Sensor

Fig.8.LDR Sensor in FPGA

In this project we are using sequence detection method for

LDR sensor. We are assigning a sequence (10011) for LDR
sensor as threshold value of resistance. After providing the
input sequence we have also assign the clock divider for delay
of every 2 second. Using finite state machine methodology we
are observing the output when LDR sequence is detected.
Fig.6.Simulation of Temperature Sensor

VI. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Fig.9.Temperature Sensor in FPGA

We are assigning a sequence (11011) for temperature sensor

as threshold value of temperature. After providing the input
Fig.7.IR Sensor sequence we have also assign the clock divider for delay of
every 2 second. Using finite state machine methodology we
In this project we are using sequence detection method for are observing the output.
IR sensor. We are assigning a sequence (10010) for IR sensor
as threshold value of detecting objects. After providing the
input sequence we have also assign the clock divider for delay
of every 2 second. Using finite state machine methodology we
are observing the output when IR sequence is detected.

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 2015 Online International Conference on Green Engineering and Technologies (IC-GET 2015)

VII. CONCLUSION [12] C. K. Das, M. Sanaullah, H. M. G. Sarower and M. M.Hassan,

“Development of a cell phone based remote control system: an
In our project we have integrated three sensors with FPGA effective switching system for controlling home and office
i.e., LDR, PIR sensor and LM35.LDR controls the lighting of appliances”, Int J of Electrical & Computer Sciences Vol: 9, No:
the compound. IR sensors operate the opening of garage door. 10, pp. 37- 43, 2004.
It is also responsible for monitoring the interior lighting and [13] H. Warren, “Telecommunications”, community college of
fan regulation. Temperature senor (LM35) manages the southern Nevada, Prentice-Hall press USA 2001.
temperature control of the air condition. [14] S. Jochen, “Mobile communications”, University of Karlsruhe,
Pearson Education India 2004.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT [15] C. K. Alexander, M. N. O. Sadiku, “Fundamentals of Electric
We acknowledge the help of Prof. Sivasanakar who Circuits”, Ceveland State University, Prairie View A&M
guided us helped a lot to get idea and methodologies to do this University, MC Graw Hill 2007.
project. We are also thanking our program chair Prof. Harish [16] Floyd, “Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education International,
kittur .We ate indebted to our lab assistant Prof.Karthikeyan 2005.
and all other faculties of VLSI Design department. Above all
we thank god almighty. Also we are thanking to our
classmates and family who supported us.

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