- P Use Your Head | Dictionary skills I. Abbreviations Give two examples for each of the following dictionary abbreviations. The first one has been done for you. 1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 0 PREP with, from ADV SING .. CON] PRON N [U] or UNCOUNT PL ADJ Vc PASS... Using a dictionary > As an advanced learner, you will find a good monolin- ‘gual dictionary an essential tool. Apart from spelling and ‘meanings, dictionary can tell your ~part of speech ~ pronunciation - if you can recognise phonetic script = word stress - /rr'tain/ or /nit3in/ = word formation ~ collocations — useful phrases the word is used in 1.2 Parts of speech Decide the grammatical function of the word fast in each of the sentences below. Use your dictionary to check your answers, 1 If you take the fast train, you should be there in under an hour. 2. Many religions require their followers to fast at certain times of the year. 3. The car got stuck fast in the wet sand so we just left it there. 4 When it started raining, we all ran inside as fast as we could 5. Some prisoners began a fast to protest against the appalling conditions. 6 By the time I got home, the children were already fast asleep. 1.3 Tenses Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Then fill in the name of the tense you have used. See the example. 1 Dan hates doing the washing-up. (hate ~ present simple) i, Laura. Long time no see. How it 2 (GO = sinmsenene) 3. Sorry to keep you. How long 2 (wait 4. T sincerely hope they the building work by the end of next month. (finish ~ ) 5 What you between 5 and 6pm last Saturday? (do ~ ) 6 Good news everybody! We ..to build a new gymnasium with the new government grant. (can — ~) Julia ever . seriously ill before her trip to India last year? (be. ) 8 Just think, this time next month I here for ten years! (work — ) 9. Does anyone want a sandwich? No thanks, 1 . just lunch, (have = 10. Where om earth you. shoes? They're awful! (buy 11 ThopeT. ona sun-drenched beach in Italy this time tomorrow. ) 12 We hrough the forest for two or three hours ‘when we realised we were lost! (walk ~ ) you .. those 1.4 Dependent prepositions Complete the following sentences by putting the correct preposition in the space provided. The first one has been done for you. 1 Moral and social responsibility should be integrated into every child’s schooling. 2. It’s impossible to attend .. you're worrying, 3. Kelly has great confidence abilities. 4 It’sa good idea to make notes... reading if you want to remember it. 5. Unfortunately, many university courses do not provide students... the basic study skills they really need. a task properly if something else. .. her children’s what you'reoe | 6 Jack took early retirement as he was losing his grip 17. I'd go and see the doctor with that rash if the job. you. 7 Apparently, an interest in reading in later life is 18 We should be able to play tennis on Friday afternoon closely related . how much your parents unless of course. read to you asa child. 19 Should .. in the neighbourhood, feel free 8 Ron usually primes himself . plenty of to callin. black coffee before starting the night shift. 20. Td play a lot more sport if I nenenene $0 much 9 [find it very hard to commit historical dates work to do, memory. 10 Lack of sleep can seriously interfer ... ability to think rationally. your Conditionals D> Although you cannot use ‘ll after ifin most 2 Grammar conditional sentences, chere is one time when you can. This is to express willingness or volition: e.g. If you'll clear the table, Ill wash the dishes, 2.1 Conditionals 0, | and 2 ® Focus on Grammar, SB page 14 Complete the following conditional sentences with suitable phrases. Look at the example given. 2.2 despitelin spite of; although/but 1 OK, OK, ll lend you the money as long as you pay Peace inpengeal one abeal me back next week. Match the first half of the sentences in Column A with 2. What would you do if your car miles their endings in Column B then add an appropriate linking from anywhere? word or phrase. The first one has been done for you. 3 Ifyou. . woollen clothes in hot water, A they shrink 1 Joan is very hard-working a 4 Quite frankly, I think you're going to fail the exam 2 Lucy lived in Mexico for three years, L] unless harder. 3 Joe's parents wanted him to be a doctor 5 I know he’s hardly ever around these days but if you 4. . teachers can help students learn, oO sme ell him to get back in touch. 5 what you might have heard, oO 6. But supposing our train is late, how . 6 Sue passed all of her exams the airport on time? 7 they lived almost opposite the 7 Ican’t get off to sleep at night Unless .cconnesen @ state school oO hot drink, 8 . of drinking six cups of strong, black 8 If my boyfriend spoke to me like that, coffee oO his face. 9 We made ourselves understood QO 9 You can borrow my video camera on condition that 10. “call the special offers o properly. 10 If you drop a cat, it always... on its feet. 11 T'd apply for that job as an interpreter if .. better Russian, Should «further information, please contact our publicity officer. 13. I’m going to take a big pullover in case . very cold. 14 I'm sure you those headaches all the time if you wore your glasses more often. 15 Provided ..nnnnmmnn nO More objections, we'll continue with the next point on the agenda. 16 Suppose .. on a desert island, how would you survive? ... not doing any revision at all. soe OF not speaking any Greek. Jack and Ruth sent their daughter toa private place ten miles away. but she’s not very imaginative. 1 refused to buy any encyclopaedias. she only speaks a few words of Spanish. just couldn't stay awake. students must learn for themselves. ..he wanted to learn to write plays. there is no quick and easy way to lear a language One 12 -aEoOmmoDt uso nan 3 Phrasal verbs 3.1 Word order In some, but not all, of the sentences below the word order of the phrasal verbs and objects is wrong. Make any corrections that you think are necessary. See the example given, 1. If there are any words you don’t understand, look YupGhemin your dictionaries. 2 Quick, I haven't got a pen. Can you jot Jack’s phone number down for me? 3. You don't have to give me an answer right away. Think over it and let me know tomorrow. 4. ‘Are you going to the party next Friday?” “Yes, I'm really looking forward to it? 5. Could you look this article through and tell me what you think of it? 6 ‘I don’t think we'll be able to play the match in all this rain? ‘No, let’s put off it until tomorrow? 7. ‘Mrs McCarthy, P've got your husband on the line? ‘OK. Put him through’ 8 It was such a good book I just couldn't put down it, 9 Harry's family always believed in his innocence and stood by him throughout the murder trial. 10 ‘Tsee you're still smoking, Chris? “Yes, but I'm really trying to give up it? 3.2 Can you split it up? p> Focus on Grammar, SB page 19 In the following sentences add a particle to complete the phrasal verb and an appropriate object pronoun (it, me, them, etc) in the CORRECT place ~ either before or after the particle. See the example provided. 1 OK, you read out the phone numbers and I'll jot them down, 2. Where's the remote control? I don't know. I was just looking 3. That cheese in the fridge had gone off so I threw 10 u He doesn’t look like his father much but he takes in the way he behaves. Their company has gone bankrupt and they only set semen WO YeATS ago! Look, don't keep complaining to me about it If your steak is underdone, send .. “Did you believe that tory about a long-lost brother?” ‘No, not a word of it. I'm sure she was making “What did little Patrick think of his first visit to the swimming pool?” “Oh, he took... ike a duck to water!” You don’t have to give me an answer right now. Think for a while. ‘The form was so complicated that she had to ask her accountant to fill. for her I've been given this algebra problem to solve before tomorrow morning and I just can’t work His wife left him for another man and he's never really got I still don't understand this word and Pe just looked the dictionary! As they didn’t have anywhere to stay, we put .. for the night. Nina fainted in the heat and we had to bring . with smelling salts.4 Prefixes — under and over > Word formation, SB page 20 4.1 Fill in the spaces below with words beginning with under and their opposites. Look at the example provided. 1 smaller than average or normal (adj) {ail to guess or understand the real cost, size or difficulty of something (v) not express an idea fully or adequately (v) weak and unhealthy due to lack of food (adj) charge too little money for something (v) having too few people for the amount of work (adj) not cooked for long enough (adj) ‘wearing clothes that are not attractive or formal enough for an event (adj) 9 make too little use of something (v) 10 lacking the money, education, possessions and opportunities that the average person has (adj) 11. fail to appreciate how skilful, important someone or something is (v) 12. give too little light to a piece of photographic film (v) euace Word Opposite undersized oversized uous 1 4.2 Now complete these sentences using any of the words from 4.1. See the example provided. 1 There was far too much light and all my photos were overexposed. 2. Don't you think you're a bit fora barbecue in that suit? 3. The baby was a bit ‘weight well 4 Calling his behaviour criminal is rather an It was just a mistake. 5 I think 45 minutes is an .. take. Td allow an hour. 6 The office i .S0 some people will have to be made redundant. 7 The council is trying to promote the new sports facilities, which are soe at present, 8 I'm hopeless at preparing pasta. I always .. how much to cook and we end up either eating it for three days or throwing it away. 9 I can't stand meat that is so blood oozing out of it. 10 I find his songs very repetitive. I think he’s really asa singer, to be honest. 11 To say we were surprised by the news of his arrest would be a 12, Many of the children were clearly suffering from various diseases. 13. It's very good restaurant, But be warned, they tend eres 14 Although she came from an family background, she went on to become one of the most highly paid lawyers in Britain, at birth but she’s put on of the time it will soo that it has andDe user0un Hea 5 Writing — Informal letter there are 7 mistakes of layout and style. One has been. In the following letter, ind the other 6 mistakes marked for you. There are also 7 missing phrases. and complete the 7 missing phrase: Burwville BV2 GBZ 23rd Oct, 20— Dear friend, it was very nice to (1) .. after ouch a long time, (2) to hear that youve settled down in your new job in Valencia and are getting into the local way of life! As you know, I'm still working at the same language school as before although now I'm in charge of marketing our courses in Europe! So it’s a lot more responsibility and lots of travelling. As it happens, I'm coming to Valencia next month and (3) favour | desperately need the names, addresses and phone numbers of the directors of all the local English language schools and | can't seem to get that sort of information in thie country. (4) a if you could go through all the local yellow pages and send me information, Flease don’t 6) if you can't manage it, | can always do it when | get there. ©. We must definitely meet up when To vue 8€€ YOU SOON, Looking forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Andy6 Word formation 6.1 Complete the following grid, paying particular attention to whether the required word is grammatically positive (+) or negative (~). See the examples provided. 1 efficient (adj +) efficiency (noun +) 2 respond (verb +) irresponsible (adj-) 3 benefit (noun +) .- (adj +) 4. complex (adj +) {noun +) 5 intellect (noun +) (adj +) 6 conceive (verb +) (noun ~) 7 deceive (verb +) (adj +) 8 anxious (adj +) 9 honesty (noun +) 10 explain (verb +) 11 photograph (noun +) 12 attend (verb +) 13 psychology (noun +) 14 invest (verb +) 15 appear (verb +) (noun +) .. (adj -) .. (noun +) (adj +) {adj -) (adj +) (noun +) (noun -) 6.2 Now complete the following sentences with suitable words from the exercise above. 16 A ‘cheat’ is someone who behaves in a i way. 17 There is a popular that all British people are monarchists. This is simply not true! 18 Sara refused to provide the police with any for the of such a large sum of money. 19 The effects of taking regular exercise are both physical and .ncnnosnn 20 Children often feel a great deal of about their first day at school. 21 Although Rita was often had a virtually . grades in all her exams. 22. The. of he state of confusion. 23. Tike to relax with a good detective story ~ nothing, too demanding or .. ; 24 The .. of our memories does not necessarily deteriorate with age. .-in class, she memory and got top rguments left us all in a 7 ucvou no 1 Wordcheck — Collocations Complete the sentences below by adding the correct verbs in the most suitable form from the box. The first one has been done for you. 10 2 parrot report undergo circulate assimilate set yourself produce, offer chew over coil jot down prove tin __| If you don’t know where itis, try consulting an atlas. It’s hard to .. information when feeling anxious, Several students volunteered 10 .. psychological tests. Details of the new grant were last edition of the college magazine. Don’t even try and write everything, Just . the main points. It’s important to study programme. Don’t make the mistake of simply vv someone else's words when writing your own notes. The teacher said mnemonics can help you memorise things and to .. the point he memorised various phrases the students, came up with in other Janguages. The headteacher could... for such poor examination results. [find it helpful to listen to classical music when I'm a problem. So-called ‘sleep learning’ has failed to any beneficial effects to the learning proce ‘The findings of the tests were journal ‘Psychobabble. in the clear targets in your ... no explanation in theDe cseroun eno 8 Error correction | Parts of speech Inderline the unnecessary words in each of the following sentences and identify which part of speech it is. See the example given. 1 Remind me to telephone to my sister before the end of the day. _ preposition 2. We really need an information about flights to Skopje. 3. The modern life is complicated enough without more rules and regulations. 4. They hope to can arrive before the start of the conference. 5 Hadn't she been suggested creating two part-time jobs? 6 If you don’t know the answer, why don't you ask to the teacher? 7 8 9 Prague which is a city I've always wanted to visit. Paul was in the hospital for three months after the accident. The shark which pushed silently through the seaweed and attacked the unsuspecting swimmers. 10. There was an ominous silence as they entered into the room. 8.2 Error correction In most lines of the following text there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or it does not fit in with the sense of the text. For each numbered line, find the unnecessary word and then write it in the space provided. Some lines are correct, Indicate these with a tick (/). The first two lines have been done for you. An area is deep in the left frontal half of the brain used to process language has been pinpointed by a new brain-imager. Dr Julie Fiez, who first reported the work, believes brain-imagers will one day help to show'thab the causes of problems like dyslexia and determine strategies to overcome language in difficulties. The new imaging technique shows that the parts of the brain which axe working harder’ because of blood flow has increased. When some people being studied were asked to lift their left index | finger when they have heard a specific tone, word, syllable or vowel. Others were asked only to listen without doing anything. The brain's left frontal region was seen’to be used only when subjects had to show they had heard of the specific sound, rather than just listened. Many regions are involved in listening but thisone appears to be involved when parts of a sound have to be analysed to make up a decision, for instance how to correctly pronounce the words ‘lead’ and ‘tears’ in tha different contexts. Mapping the mind’s word processor