11

SELF- LEARNING MODULE

 PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
QUARTER 2
Development Team of the Module

Authors:

Editor:

Reviewer:

Management Team: Celedonio B. Balderas, Jr., SDS

Gemma G. Cortez, Ed.D., CID - Chief

Leylanie V. Adao, EPS - LR

Learning Area EPS (Insert name here)

SDO Dasmariñas City

Week 8 Social Relationships in

I Middle and Late Adolescence

What I need to know?

Middle and late adolescents usually find themselves in the company of their peers, usually from
the school or the neighborhood. From high school to college, adolescents mature faster socially, and new
lessons are learned especially on how their social interactions affirm their self-identity, increase their
self-esteem, and develop their capacity to nurture relationships. At the end of this module, learners
will be able to distinguish the various roles of different individuals in society and how they can I
influence people through their leadership or followership, compare their self-perception and how others
see them, and conduct a mini-survey on Filipino relationships (family, school, and community).

Introduction
2
Big Question: How does understanding group membership and leadership improve social
Guide in Using Learner’s Module
relationships?

For the Parents/Guardian

 I What is new?
(Start of the Lesson Proper)

The society/community/culture plays a major role in the life of a teenager. Teens

have to be mindful of who they follow, go with/join, and imitate. Being with the majority
is not always correct. Point out the many benefits of being able to help others; teens are
in the best position to serve older people or be of service to the community. Mention
also how studies and research have shown that being in a club/organization and
serving the community benefit teens.
 D What is it?

B. Readings
1. HOW CULTURE SHAPES MANY ASPECTS OF ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

As you have known by now, the relationships adolescents have with their peers, family, and
embers of their social sphere play a vital role in their development. Adolescence is a crucial period
in social development, as adolescents can be easily swayed by their close relationships. Research
shows there are four main types of relationships that influence an adolescent: parents, peers,
community, and society. In this part of the module, we will focus on Community, Society, and
Culture. There are certain characteristics of adolescent development that are more rooted in culture
than in human biology or cognitive structures. Culture is learned and socially shared, and it affects
all aspects of an individual's life. Social responsibilities, sexual expression, and belief-system
development, for instance, are all likely to vary based on culture. Furthermore, many distinguishing
characteristics of an individual (such as dress, employment, recreation, and language) are all
products of culture.
Many factors that shape adolescent development vary by culture. For instance, the degree
to which adolescents are perceived as autonomous, or independent, beings varies widely in
different cultures, as do the behaviors that represent this emerging autonomy. The lifestyle of an
adolescent in a given culture is also profoundly shaped by the roles and responsibilities he or she is
expected to assume. The extent to which an adolescent is expected to share family responsibilities,
for example, is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior: adolescents in
certain cultures are expected to contribute significantly to household chores and responsibilities,
while others are given more freedom or come from families with more privilege where
responsibilities are fewer. Differences between families in the distribution of financial
responsibilities or provision of allowance may reflect various socioeconomic backgrounds, which
are further influenced by cultural norms and values.
Adolescents begin to develop unique belief systems through their interaction with social,
familial, and cultural environments. These belief systems encompass everything from religion and
spirituality to gender, sexuality, work ethics, and politics. The range of attitudes that a culture
embraces on a particular topic affects the beliefs, lifestyles, and perceptions of its adolescents, and
can have both positive and negative impacts on their development. As an example, early-maturing
girls may suffer teasing or sexual harassment related to their developing bodies, contributing to a
higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders.
Source: Ge, Conger, & Elder, 2001; Graber, Lewinsohn, Seeley, & Brooks-Gunn, 1997; Striegel-Moore & Cachelin,
1999; https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/humandevelopment-
14/adolescence-73/cultural-and-societal-influences-on-adolescentdevelopment-285-12820/

2. TEENAGERS WHO JOIN YOUTH GROUPS AND OTHER CLUBS ARE HAPPIER AND
LESS LIKELY TO DRINK

Teenagers who belong to youth groups and other clubs lead happier lives and are less
likely to drink or smoke, a research shows. Although they may be exposed to more peer pressure,
researchers found they were also more socially able and likely to be physically active. And the
benefits increased the more groups that they joined, the findings show. Teens should be
encouraged to join clubs, international researchers, including a group from the University of
Hertfordshire, advise. The findings show that they were a fifth less likely to smoke and to ever have
been drunk than other teenagers their age.They were also a fifth more likely to eat fruit and
vegetables regularly. The study also found taking part in club activities increased the youngsters'
happiness levels. Those who rated their lives as highly satisfactory were 51 per cent more likely to
belong to a sports club than those who were less happy.
The study looked at 15-year-olds across six countries – England, Canada, Belgium, Italy,
Poland and Romania. However, the study suggests that not all clubs for young people offered the
same health benefits. Youngsters were two thirds more likely to smoke if were members of political
organisations or youth clubs than if they joined no clubs at all.“The present findings support the
notion that encouraging participation in a range of associations is a useful and beneficial policy
goal especially for young people, increasing their facility to access and become part of wide-
ranging networks,” the authors report in their findings, published in the Journal of Epidemiology and
Community Health.
Source: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/6810651/Teenagers-who-join-youthgroups-and-other-clubs-
are-happier-and-less-likely-to-drink.html

3. COMMUNITY ACTIVITY: GET INVOLVED

Getting involved in local community activities or volunteering can boost your confidence
and self-esteem and help you build new skills. You can get started by finding activities that interest
you.
Community activities and civic responsibility
Community activity is part of ‘civic responsibility’. It’s about doing things in our community
because we want to or feel we should, rather than because we have to by law. You can take civic
responsibility and be active in your community by:
 joining a Youth Club, a scouting group or a local environmental or clean-up group
 helping with a primary school play, or coordinating or coaching junior sport
 setting up an arts space for the community or getting involved in youth radio
 being part of a youth advisory group through the local council
 promoting causes – for example, clean environment, recycling, get active in sports
You might be interested in online civic or community activities – for example, an online
campaign to save a local area of wildlife. Online community involvement can motivate you to get
involved in face-to-face community activities.

What you can get from being involved in community activities

It doesn’t matter what you do. Any involvement is good! When you get involved in
community activities, you get a lot of personal rewards and feelings of achievement.

Role models
By getting involved with community activities, you can come into contact with like-minded
peers and positive adult role models other than your parents. Interacting and cooperating with other
adults encourages you to see the world in different ways. It puts your own family experiences and
values into a wider context. For example, your family might have certain religious or spiritual beliefs
– or none at all – but when you come into contact with others who believe different things, perhaps
through some charity work, you might see some new ways of putting beliefs into action for the good
of others.
Identity and connection
Young people are busy working out who they are and where they fit in the world. They try
out different identities, experiment with different styles of dress and might try out a range of
different activities and hobbies. Being involved in community activities can give you a positive way
of understanding who you are. As a result, you might come to see yourself as helpful, generous,
political or just a ‘good’ person in general. Being involved in community activities can also help
create a sense of being connected to your local community and the wider world.
Skills
Community activities give you the chance to apply the skills you already have.For example,
you could use the cooking skills you have learned at home at a community feeding program or at a
school fund-raising project. Voluntary work and community activities are also great opportunities to
show initiative and develop skills to get a job. For example, the school fund-raising project could
give you experience in speaking to customers and handling cash. Volunteering for the community
feeding project might help you prepare for getting a part-time job as a waiter. For those who are
interested in being a vet, helping out at an animal shelter or washing and walking local dogs is a
good way to demonstrate commitment and get a reference. Being able to manage free time, while
balancing leisure, work and study, is an important life skill. Being part of community activities could
motivate you to get more organized and start to manage your own time.
Self-confidence, mental health and well-being
Community activities can boost one’s self-confidence. You can learn to deal with
challenges, communicate with different people and build up your life skills and abilities in a
supportive environment. This is also good for your self-esteem. It’s also a great foundation for
general and mental health and wellbeing. It can be very positive psychologically for you to have
something that gets you involved, where others expect you to turn up and take part, and where
you’re supported to achieve something as part of a group. These positive feelings can help protect
you from sadness and depression. Being involved in some kind of community activity can also
reduce the likelihood of
substance abuse, mental illness and criminal activity.
Source: http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/community_activity_teenagers.html
 E What is more?
(These are enrichment activities)

 Tasks/Activities
‘My Organizations’
Write down the name of organization the student’s belong to, the type of organization and the
position/role in the organization.

Name Of Organization Type Of Organization* My Position/Role In The

Organization

*Neighborhood association, church group, singing/dance group, community organization, youth group, club,
school organization, volunteer group, etc.
 A What I have learned?

Portfolio Output: Description of My Social Group

Write about one of your social groups, its nature, activities, and benefits. Include a photo off yourself
with the group.

8
Key To Correction

References

Personal Development, DepEd Teacher’s Guide (2016), pp. 94 – 97

https://www.slideshare.net/RupertGarryTorres/social-relationship-in-middle-and-late-
adolescence#:~:text=From%20high%20school%20to%20college,their%20capacity%20t
o%20nurture%20relationships.

Ge, Conger, & Elder, 2001; Graber, Lewinsohn, Seeley, & Brooks-Gunn, 1997;
Striegel-Moore & Cachelin, 1999;

https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/human
development-14/adolescence-73/cultural-and-societal-influences-on-adolescent
development-285-12820/

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/6810651/Teenagers-who-join-youthgroups-and-other-
clubs-are-happier-and-less-likely-to-drink.html
http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/community_activity_teenagers.html

9
 Week 9 Family Structures
I
What I need to know?

The dictionary defines family in several ways. One definition is "a fundamental social

group in society typically consisting of one or two parents and their children." While this definition
is a good starting point, there are several modern family structures that are excluded by this
definition, such as childless couples or other variations on the family unit. Another definition is
"Two or more people who share goals and values, have long-term commitments to one another
and reside usually in the same dwelling." This definition encompasses the vast majority of
modern family units; for the purposes of this article, the second definition will be used.
Source:https://family.lovetoknow.com/about-family-values/meaning-family
At the end of this module, learners will be able to appraise their family structure and the
type of care they give and receive, which may help in understanding themselves better , make a
genogram and trace certain physical, personality, or behavioral attributes through generations.

Introduction

Big Question: How does your family affect the learner as a developing individual?

Family' is a single word, with many different meanings. People have many ways
of defining a family and what being a part of a family means to them. Families differ in
terms of economic, cultural, social, and many other facets, but what every family has
in common is that the people who call it a family are making clear that those people
10
are important in some way to the person calling them his family.
 I What is new?
(Start of the Lesson Proper)

Task/Activity: POEM WRITING

Make two five-line poems about your family. Follow this pattern:
First line is _____ family
Second line is two adjectives (joined by and) which describe the noun
Third line is a verb and an adverb to describe the noun in action
Fourth line begins with like and presents a comparison
Fifth line starts with if only and expresses a wish.

Ex: (___ family) Mine family (adjective + adjective) Unique and chaotic
(verb + adverb) Changing constantly
(like) Like flaming hot Thai dishes, which are quite exotic
(if only) If only we could relive our family life, of jolly years gone by
 D What is it?

A. Readings:
1. FAMILY STRUCTURE
The traditional family structure is considered a family support system which involves
two married individuals providing care and stability for their biological offspring. However,
this two-parent, nuclear family has become less prevalent, and alternative family forms
have become more common. The family is created at birth and establishes ties across
generations. Those generations, the extended family of aunts, uncles, grandparents, and
cousins, can all hold significant emotional and economic roles for the nuclear family.
Different kinds of family structures:
 Nuclear family: A family unit consisting of at most a father, mother and dependent children. It is
considered the “traditional” family.
 Extended family: A family consisting of parents and children, along with grandparents,
grandchildren, aunts or uncles, cousins etc. In some circumstances, the extended family comes to
live either with or in place of a member of the nuclear family.
 Step families: Two families brought together due to divorce, separation, and remarriage.
 Single parent family: This can be either a father or a mother who is singly responsible for the
raising of a child. The child can be by birth or adoption. They may be a single parent by choice or by
life circumstances. The other parent may have been part of the family at one time or not at all.
 Adoptive family: A family where one or more of the children has been adopted. Any structure of
family may also be an adoptive family.
 Bi-racial or multi-racial family: A family where the parents are members of different racial identity
groups.
 Trans-racial adoptive family: A family where the adopted child is of a different racial identity
group than the parents.
 Blended family: A family that consists of members from two (or more) previous families.
 Conditionally separated families: A family member is separated from the rest of the family. This
may be due to employment far away; military service; incarceration; hospitalization. They remain
significant members of the family.
 Foster family: A family where one or more of the children is legally a temporary member of the
household. This “temporary” period may be as short as a few days or as long as the child’s entire
childhood.
 Gay or Lesbian family: A family where one or both of the parents’ sexual orientation is gay or
lesbian. This may be a two-parent family, an adoptive family, a single parent family or an extended
family.
 Immigrant family: A family where the parents have immigrated to another country as adults. Their
children may or may not be immigrants. Some family members may continue to live in the country of
origin, but still be significant figures in the life of the child.
 Migrant family: A family that moves regularly to places where they have employment. The most
common form of migrant family is farm workers who move with the crop seasons. Children may have
a relatively stable community of people who move at the same time - or the family may know no one
in each new setting. Military families may also lead a migrant life, with frequent relocation, often on
short notice.
Sources: https://www.scoe.org/files/ccpc-family-structures.pdf;
https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology

Reading#2:
2: INSPIRING STORIES OF FAMILIES
What does it mean to put others’ first before ourselves?
A doctor entered the hospital in a hurry after being called in for an urgent surgery. He
answered the call ASAP, changed his clothes & went directly to the surgery block. He found the boy’s
father pacing in the hall waiting for the doctor. On seeing him, the dad yelled: “Why did you take all
this time to come? Don’t you know that my son’s life is in danger? Don’t you have any sense of
responsibility?” The doctor smiled & said: “I am sorry, I wasn’t in the hospital & I came as fast as I
could after receiving the call… And now, I wish you’d calm down so that I can do my work.” “Calm
down? What if your son was in this room right now, would you calm down? If your own son dies now
what will you do?” said the father angrily. The doctor smiled again & replied: “… Doctors cannot
prolong lives. Go and intercede for your son, we will do our best by God’s grace”. “Giving advises
when we’re not concerned is so easy,” murmured the father. The surgery took some hours after which
the doctor went out happy, “Your son is saved!”. And without waiting for the father’s reply, he carried
on his way running. “If you have any questions, ask the nurse!!” “Why is he so arrogant? He couldn’t
wait some minutes so that I can ask about my son’s state,” commented the father when seeing the
nurse minutes after the doctor left. The nurse answered, tears coming down her face: “His son died
yesterday in a road
accident, he was at the burial when we called him for your son’s surgery. And now that he
saved your son’s life, he left running to finish his son’s burial.”
Source: https://vk.com/topic-62771305_29403044?offset=0
The Wooden Bowl
A frail old man went to live with his son, daughter-in-law, and four-year old grandson. The old
man’s hands trembled, his eyesight was blurred, and his step faltered. The family ate together at the
table. But the elderly grandfather’s shaky hands and failing sight made eating difficult. Peas rolled off
his spoon onto the floor. When he grasped the glass, milk spilled on the tablecloth.
The son and daughter-in-law became irritated with the mess. “We must do something about
father,” said the son. “I’ve had enough of his spilled milk, noisy eating, and food on the floor.” So the
husband and wife set a small table in the corner. There, Grandfather ate alone while the rest of the
family enjoyed dinner. Since Grandfather had broken a dish or two, his food was served in a wooden
bowl! When the family glanced in Grandfather’s direction, sometime he had a tear in his eye as he sat
alone. Still, the only words the couple had for him were sharp admonitions when he dropped a fork or
spilled food. The four-year-old watched it all in silence. One evening before supper, the father noticed
his son playing with wood scraps on the floor. He asked the child sweetly, “What are you making?”
Just as sweetly, the boy responded, “Oh, I am making a little bowl for you and Mama to eat your food
in when I grow up.” The four-year-old smiled and went back to work .
The words so struck the parents so that they were speechless. Then tears started to stream
down their cheeks. Though no word was spoken, both knew what must be done. That evening the
husband took Grandfather’s hand and gently led him back to the family table. For the remainder of his
days he ate every meal with the family. And for some reason, neither husband nor wife seemed to
care any longer when a fork was dropped, milk spilled, or the tablecloth soiled.
Source: http://www.moralstories.org/the-wooden-bowl/
Give time to our family
After 21 years of marriage, my wife wanted me to take another woman out to dinner and a
movie. She said, “I love you, but I know this other woman loves you and would love to spend some
time with you.” The other woman that my wife wanted me to visit was my MOTHER, who has been a
widow for 19 years, but the demands of my work and my three children had made it possible to visit
her only occasionally.
That night I called to invite her to go out for dinner and a movie. “What’s wrong, are you
well?” she asked. My mother is the type of woman who suspects that a late night call or a surprise
invitation is a sign of bad news. “I thought that it would be pleasant to spend some time with you,” I
responded. “Just the two of us.” She thought about it for a moment, and then said, “I would like that
very much.” That Friday after work, as I drove over to pick her up I was a bit nervous.
When I arrived at her house, I noticed that she, too, seemed to be nervous about our date.
She waited in the door with her coat on. She had curled her hair and was wearing the dress that she
had worn to celebrate her last wedding anniversary. She smiled from a face that was as radiant as an
angel’s. “I told my friends that I was going to go out with my son, and they were impressed, “she said,
as she got into the car. “They can’t wait to hear about our meeting.” We went to a restaurant that,
although not elegant, was very nice and cozy.
My mother took my arm as if she were the First Lady. After we sat down, I had to read the
menu. Her eyes could only read large print. Half way through the entries, I lifted my eyes and saw
Mom sitting there staring at me. A nostalgic smile was on her lips. “It was I who used to have to read
the menu when you were small,” she said. “Then it’s time that you relax and let me return the favor,” I
responded. During the dinner, we had an agreeable conversation – nothing extraordinary but catching
up on recent events of each other’s life. We talked so much that we missed the movie. As we arrived
at her house later, she said, “I’ll go out with you again, but only if you let me invite you.” I agreed.
“How was your dinner date?” asked my wife when I got home. “Very nice. Much more so than I could
have imagined,” I answered.
A few days later, my mother died of a massive heart attack. It happened so suddenly that I
didn’t have a chance to do anything for her. Some time later, I received an envelope with a copy of a
restaurant receipt from the same place mother and I had dined. An attached note said: “I paid this bill
in advance. I wasn’t sure that I could be there; but nevertheless, I paid for two plates – one for you
and the other for your wife. You will never know what that night meant for me. I love you, son.” At that
moment, I understood the importance of saying in time: “I LOVE YOU” and to give our loved ones the
time that they deserve. Nothing in life is more important than your family. Give them the time they
deserve, because these things cannot be put off till “some
other time.”
Source: http://academictips.org/blogs/give-time-to-our-family/
 E What is more?
(These are enrichment activities)

GENOGRAM
A genogram or family tree is a useful tool to gather information about a
person's family. This visual representation of a family can help us to identify
patterns or themes within families that may be influencing or driving a person's
current behavior.

Symbols for drawing the genogram or family tree:

Source: http://www.strongbonds.jss.org.au/workers/families/genograms.html
Source: mutagh.fhost.com.au

Source: genopro.com
 A What I have learned?
Portfolio Output: My Genogram
Using a blank sheet of paper make your own genogram using the symbols and samples
given. Be sure to write your name and the date on your paper. Enjoy!
Key To Correction

References

Personal Development, DepEd Teacher’s Guide (2016), pp. 102-107

https://family.lovetoknow.com/about-family-values/meaning-family
https://www.scoe.org/files/ccpc-family-structures.pdf;
https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology
https://vk.com/topic-62771305_29403044?offset=0

http://www.moralstories.org/the-wooden-bowl/
http://academictips.org/blogs/give-time-to-our-family/
http://www.strongbonds.jss.org.au/workers/families/genograms.html