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The Graphical Interpretation of The Function Properties: Increasing, Decreasing, and Constant Functions

The document defines and describes properties of functions including: - Constant, increasing, and decreasing functions based on their values as input changes - Minimums and maximums, where a global/absolute minimum/maximum is the lowest/highest value over the entire domain and a local minimum/maximum is the lowest/highest value within a certain interval - One-to-one functions which have a unique output for each input, which can be checked using the horizontal line test - Symmetric functions which have reflective symmetry about a point, line, or axis including even functions symmetric about the y-axis and odd functions symmetric with respect to the origin

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Tavi Fronie
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79 views3 pages

The Graphical Interpretation of The Function Properties: Increasing, Decreasing, and Constant Functions

The document defines and describes properties of functions including: - Constant, increasing, and decreasing functions based on their values as input changes - Minimums and maximums, where a global/absolute minimum/maximum is the lowest/highest value over the entire domain and a local minimum/maximum is the lowest/highest value within a certain interval - One-to-one functions which have a unique output for each input, which can be checked using the horizontal line test - Symmetric functions which have reflective symmetry about a point, line, or axis including even functions symmetric about the y-axis and odd functions symmetric with respect to the origin

Uploaded by

Tavi Fronie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Graphical Interpretation of the Function Properties

Increasing, Decreasing, and Constant Functions


 A constant function is a function whose values do
not vary, regardless of the input into the function.
 An increasing function is one where for every x1
and x2 that satisfies x2> x1, then f(x2)≥f(x). If it is
strictly greater than, then it is strictly increasing.
 A decreasing function is one where for every x1 and
x2 that satisfies x2> x1, then f(x2)≤f(x1). If it is
strictly less than, then it is strictly decreasing.

Minimums and Maximums

A function has a global (or absolute) maximum point at x* if f(x∗)≥f(x) for all x.

 A function has a global (or absolute)


minimum point at x* if f(x∗)≤f(x) for all x .
 A function f  has a relative (local)
maximum at  x=b if there exists an interval  
(a,c) with a<b<c such that, for any x in the
interval (a,c), f(x)≤f(b).
 A function f  has a relative (local)
minimum at x=b if there exists an interval
(a,c) with a<b<c such that, for any x in the
interval (a,c), f(x)≥f(b).

One-to-One Functions
A one-to-one function, also called an injective function, never maps distinct elements of its
domain to the same element of its codomain.

 A one-to-one function has a unique output for each unique input.


 To check if a function is a one-to-one perform the horizontal line test.  If any horizontal
line intersects the graph in more than one point, the function is not one-to-one.
 If every element of a function’s range corresponds to exactly one element of its domain,
then the function is said to be one-to-one.

! An easy way to check if a function is a one-to-one is by graphing it and then performing the
horizontal line test. If any horizontal line intersects the graph at more than one point, the function is not
one-to-one.

Horizontal line test: Because the horizontal line crosses


the graph of the function more than once, it fails the
horizontal line test and cannot be one-to-one.

Symmetric Function Types


Functions and relations can be symmetric about a point, a line, or an axis.  They can also have symmetry
after a reflection.

Reflection: A function can be reflected over


the x or y axis. If the function looks the same
after the reflection, the function is symmetric
over that axis

Even and Odd Functions


Functions that have an additive inverse can be
classified as odd or even depending on their
symmetry properties.

 The parity of a function does not necessarily reveal whether the function is odd or even.
 Even functions are algebraically defined as functions in which the following relationship
holds for all values of: f(x)=f(−x).
 An even function is symmetric about the y-axis: for every point (x,y) on the graph, the
corresponding point (−x,y) or vice versa is also on the graph.
 Odd functions are algebraically defined as functions in which the following relationship
holds true for all values of: −f(x)=f(−x).
 An odd function is symmetric with respect to the origin: for every point  (x,y) on the graph, the
corresponding point (−x,−y) or vice versa is also on the graph.

Symmetry: even function?


The function f(x)=x4+2x pictured above is not
even because the graph is not symmetric about
the y-axis.  For example the point (−1,−1) does
not reflect onto the point (1,−1)

Symmetry: odd function?


The function, f(x)=x3−9x is odd since the
graph is symmetric about the origin.  One can
also check that any point is symmetric about
the origin: for example, does (−1,8) yield
(1,−8)?  Yes, those two points are symmetric
about the origin.

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