1.3 & 1.
4 Brownian Motion and Diffusion
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The diagram shows a sugar lump in a cup of tea.
Which two processes must happen to spread the sugar evenly in the tea?
2. A sugar cube is dropped into a hot cup of tea.
The tea is not stirred.
Which statement explains why the tea becomes sweet?
A. The heated water molecules penetrate the sugar cube.
B. The hot tea causes the sugar to melt.
C. The sugar cube dissolves, and its molecules diffuse.
D. The sugar molecules get hot and evaporate.
3. A crystal of purple potassium manganate (VII) was added to each of the beakers
shown in the diagram.
One beaker contained hot water and the other beaker contained cold water.
In both beakers the purple colour of the potassium manganate (VII) spreads out.
Which result and explanation are correct?
4. Which statement is an example of diffusion?
A. A kitchen towel soaks up some spilt milk.
B. Ice cream melts in a warm room.
C. Pollen from flowers is blown by the wind.
D. The smell of cooking spreads through a house.
5. A few drops of perfume were spilt on the floor.
A few minutes later the perfume could be smelt a few metres away.
Which two processes had taken place?
A. distillation and condensation
B. distillation and diffusion
C. evaporation and condensation
D. evaporation and diffusion
6. The diagram shows the result of dropping a purple crystal into water.
Which processes take place in this experiment?
7. Two gas jars each contain a different gas. The gas jars are connected, and the
cover slips are removed. The diagram shows what happens to the particles of the
gases.
Which process has occurred?
A. chemical reaction
B. condensation
C. diffusion
D. evaporation
8. A gas jar of bromine vapour and a gas jar of air are set up as shown in diagram 1.
The glass slide is removed. Diagram 2 shows the appearance of the gas jars after
one hour.
Which statement explains why the bromine and air mix together?
A. Bromine is denser than air.
B. Bromine is lighter than air.
C. Bromine molecules moved upwards and molecules in air moved downwards.
D. Molecules in bromine and air moved randomly.
9. ‘Particles moving very slowly from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.’
Which process is being described above?
A. a liquid being frozen
B. a solid melting
C. a substance diffusing through a liquid
D. a substance diffusing through the air
10. Which diagram shows the process of diffusion?
11. Aqueous lead (II) nitrate and aqueous potassium iodide are added to a dish
containing water, as shown.
A yellow precipitate forms after a few minutes. Which process occurs before the
precipitate forms?
A. diffusion
B. distillation
C. fermentation
D. filtration
12. The diagram shows how the molecules in the exhaust gases diffuse into the air.
Which statement describes what happens to these molecules next?
A. The molecules fall to the ground because they are heavier than air molecules.
B. The molecules go back together as they cool.
C. The molecules spread further into the air.
D. The molecules stay where they are.
Answer:
1 6
2 7
3 8
4 9
5 10
Theory
1. (E) The following apparatus can be used to measure the rate of diffusion of a gas.
The following results were obtained.
a) Explain why nitrogen gas diffuses faster than chlorine gas. [2]
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b) Explain why the nitrogen gas diffuses faster at the higher temperature. [1]
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2. Concentrated ammonia solution gives off ammonia gas. Concentrated hydrochloric
acid gives off hydrogen chloride gas. Ammonia, NH3, and hydrogen chloride, HCl,
are both colourless gases. Ammonia reacts with hydrogen chloride to make the
white solid ammonium chloride.
Apparatus is set up as shown.
After ten minutes, a white solid forms in the tube where the gases meet.
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction of ammonia with
hydrogen chloride. [1]
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(ii) Name the process by which the ammonia and hydrogen chloride
gases move in the tube. [1]
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(iii) At which point, A, B, C or D, does the white solid form? Explain why
the white solid forms at that point.
the solid forms at ..............
explanation ...........................................................................................
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(iv) The experiment was repeated at a higher temperature. Predict how
the results of the experiment would be different. Explain your answer.
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