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Programming Logic and Design: Ms. Kaycee R. Mendez Virtual Teacher

This document defines key terms related to computer programming such as programs, programming languages, and machine language. It explains that programs must be written in a language a computer understands, like machine language or assembly language. Higher-level languages later emerged that are easier for humans to read and write but still need to be converted into machine code using an interpreter or compiler before a computer can execute them.

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Josh Dumalag
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67 views12 pages

Programming Logic and Design: Ms. Kaycee R. Mendez Virtual Teacher

This document defines key terms related to computer programming such as programs, programming languages, and machine language. It explains that programs must be written in a language a computer understands, like machine language or assembly language. Higher-level languages later emerged that are easier for humans to read and write but still need to be converted into machine code using an interpreter or compiler before a computer can execute them.

Uploaded by

Josh Dumalag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROGRAMMING

LOGIC AND DESIGN

Ms. Kaycee R. Mendez


Virtual Teacher
COMPUTER
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Computer - is an electronic device that stores
and processes data.
• Programs – is a sequence of instructions that
tells the hardware of a computer what
operations to perform on data.
• Computer programs, known as software, are
instructions that tell a computer what to do.
Computers do not understand human
languages, so programs must be written in a
language a computer can use. There are
hundreds of programming languages, and they
were developed to make the programming
process easier for people. However, all programs
must be converted into a language the
computer can understand.
Machine Language

A computer’s native language, which


differs among different types of computers, is
its machine language—a set of built-in
primitive instructions. These instructions are in
the form of binary code, so if you want to give
a computer an instruction in its native
language, you have to enter the instruction as
binary code.
EX:to add 2 and 3
1101101010011010
Assembly Language

Programming in machine language is a


tedious process. Moreover, programs written in
machine language are very difficult to read and
modify. For this reason, assembly language
was created in the early days of computing as an
alternative to machine languages. Assembly
language uses a short descriptive word, known as a
mnemonic, to represent each of the
machine-language instructions.
• add 2, 3, result

• Assembly languages were developed to make


programming easier. However, because the
• computer cannot understand assembly
language, another program—called an
assembler—is used to translate assembly-
language programs into machine code
High-Level Language
In the 1950s, a new generation of
programming languages known as high-level
languages emerged. They are platform-
independent, which means that you can write
a program in a highlevel language and run it in
different types of machines.
The instructions in a high-level
programming language are called
statements.
A program written in a high-level
language is called a source program or source
code.
Because a computer cannot understand a source
program, a source program must be translated
into machine code for execution. The
translation can be done using another
programming tool called an interpreter or a
compiler.
An interpreter reads one statement from the
source code, translates it to the machine code
or virtual machine code, and then executes it
right away.

A compiler translates the entire source program


into a machine-language file for execution.

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