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EE222: Microprocessor Systems: Spring 2021

This document provides an introduction and overview of the EE222: Microprocessor Systems course being taught in Spring 2021. It introduces the instructor, course learning outcomes, required textbooks, grading scheme, and provides a brief historical background on microprocessors and computer systems. It describes how microprocessors have evolved from early 4-bit and 8-bit designs to today's multi-core 32-bit and 64-bit processors. The role of the microprocessor at the center of a computer system is also outlined.

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Muhammad Uzair Khan
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94 views23 pages

EE222: Microprocessor Systems: Spring 2021

This document provides an introduction and overview of the EE222: Microprocessor Systems course being taught in Spring 2021. It introduces the instructor, course learning outcomes, required textbooks, grading scheme, and provides a brief historical background on microprocessors and computer systems. It describes how microprocessors have evolved from early 4-bit and 8-bit designs to today's multi-core 32-bit and 64-bit processors. The role of the microprocessor at the center of a computer system is also outlined.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Uzair Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE222: Microprocessor Systems

Spring
2021

Lecture
01

Introduction
Muhammad Jameel <[email protected]>
Outline
• Instructor

• Course Learning Outcomes

• Course Books and Grading Scheme

• Introduction to the Microprocessor and Computer

2
Instructor: Jameel Malik
• PhD from TU Kaiserslautern, Germany.
– Google Scholar: https://bit.ly/3pFkWfB

• I joined NUST-SEECS in Fall 2011.

• Contact:
– [email protected]
– Office: will be communicated later

• Office hours: through email


3
Outline
• Instructor

• Course Learning Outcomes

• Course Books and Grading Scheme

• Introduction to the Microprocessor and Computer

4
Course Learning Outcomes
1. Understand the basic concepts of microprocessor/
microcontroller systems.

2. Learn memory interfacing, input and output (I/O)


interfacing, and interrupts.

3. Use Assembly and C language for


microprocessor/microcontrollers.

4. Design and implement real time systems using


microcontrollers.

5
Outline
• Instructor

• Course Learning Outcomes

• Course Books and Grading Scheme

• Introduction to the Microprocessor and Computer

6
Course Books
• Text Books
– The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium
series - Architecture, Programming and Interfacing by Barry
B. Brey, 8th edition.

– The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using


Assembly and C by Mazidi.

– Assembly Language for x86 Processors by Kip R. Irvine, 6th


edition.

7
Course Books
• Reference Books
– Computer Organization and Design The Hardware/Software
Interface (RISC-V Edition) by Hennessy and Patterson,
Morgan Kaufmann.

– Computer Organization & Architecture by William Stallings.

– 8051 Microcontroller by Machenzie.

8
Grading Scheme
• Final 35%
• OHTs 25%

• Quizzes 10%
• Assignments 5%

• Labs + Project (15+10)%

9
Outline
• Instructor

• Course Learning Outcomes

• Course Books and Grading Scheme

• Introduction to the Microprocessor and Computer

10
Where this course fits in

11
Computers Now

12
Brief Historical Background
• Programming Advancements
– Machine Language - binary codes (e.g., 0100 0111 for
addition) stored in computer memory.

– Assembly Language - Instructions (mnemonic codes such as


ADD for addition) stored in computer memory.

– FORTRAN - allows programmers to use formulas

– COBOL, BASIC, C/C++, JAVA, Python etc.

-- The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium series - Architecture, 13


Programming and Interfacing by Barry B. Brey, 8th edition.
Brief Historical Background
• The Microprocessor Age
– In 1971, the world’s 1st microprocessor, the Intel 4004 was
introduced
• 4-bit microprocessor
• 45 instructions
• Addresses only 4096 x 4bit memory
• 50KIPs (kilo-instructions per second)

• Still used in microwave ovens,


small control systems, calculators …

-- The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium series - Architecture, 14


Programming and Interfacing by Barry B. Brey, 8th edition.
Brief Historical Background
• The Microprocessor Age
– Later in 1971, 8008 was released
• 8-bit version of the 4004
• It addressed a 16K byte memory

– In 1973, 8080 was introduced


• limitations of the speed and instruction set of 8008 were
addressed and improved
• It addressed a 64K bytes memory

-- The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium series - Architecture, 15


Programming and Interfacing by Barry B. Brey, 8th edition.
Brief Historical Background
• The Microprocessor Age
– 8-bit Microprocessors

Table: Early 8-bit microprocessors

-- The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium series - Architecture, 16


Programming and Interfacing by Barry B. Brey, 8th edition.
Brief Historical Background
• The Microprocessor Age
– 8-bit Microprocessors

100% of
the market

Table: Early 8-bit microprocessors

-- The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium series - Architecture, 17


Programming and Interfacing by Barry B. Brey, 8th edition.
Brief Historical Background
• Intel Microprocessors
– In 1978-79, 8086 and 8088 were introduced
• 16-bit microprocessors (8 bit external data bus for 8088)
• Addresses 1M byte of memory.
• 2.5 million instructions per second
• Multiply and divide instructions included

• International Business Machines(IBM) used the 8088


in its first ever PC in 1981.

-- The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium series - Architecture, 18


Programming and Interfacing by Barry B. Brey, 8th edition.
Brief Historical Background
• Intel´s 80x86 Family
– The 80286, 16-bit microprocessor
• Addresses a 16 M byte memory.
• Speed4 MIPs
– The 80386 was introduced in 1986
• It was the first 32-bit microprocessor that contained a 32-
bit data bus and a 32-bit address bus.
– The 80486 was introduced in 1989
• It had an 8K byte cache memory in addition to being
faster than the 80386.

-- The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium series - Architecture, 19


Programming and Interfacing by Barry B. Brey, 8th edition.
Brief Historical Background
• Intel´s Pentium Microprocessors
– Introduced in 1993
– 16K byte Cache Memory
– 4G Bytes of Memory Addressing
– Speed150 MIPs
– Data bus width increased to 64-bit

-- The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium series - Architecture, 20


Programming and Interfacing by Barry B. Brey, 8th edition.
Brief Historical Background
• Intel´s Pentium Microprocessors
– Introduced in 1993
– 16K byte Cache Memory
– 4G Bytes of Memory Addressing
– Speed150 MIPs
– Data bus width increased to 64-bit

• Later Pentium versions are up-gradations of above


specifications (Table 1-2 of the reference below)

• Multiple Core Processors – use multithreading for


faster program execution
-- The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium series - Architecture, 21
Programming and Interfacing by Barry B. Brey, 8th edition.
Microprocessor-based Computer System

Figure: Block diagram of microprocessor-based computer system

-- The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium series - Architecture, 22


Programming and Interfacing by Barry B. Brey, 8th edition.
The Microprocessor
• The microprocessor - Central Processing Unit (CPU)
– controls memory and I/O through a series of connections
called buses.
– Three main tasks of the microprocessor:
• Data transfer b/w itself and memory and I/O systems
• Arithmetic and logic operations
• Program flow via simple decisions
– capability to execute billions of millions of instructions per
second from a program or software.

-- The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80XXX & Pentium series - Architecture, 23


Programming and Interfacing by Barry B. Brey, 8th edition.

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