Created by T.

Madas

TRIGONOMETRIC
EQUATIONS
&
IDENTITIES
INTRODUCTION

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) sin x = 1 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 30°,150°

2

b) cos 2 x = 1 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 30°,150°, 210°,330°

2

c) tan(θ − 20°) = 3 −180° ≤ θ < 180° θ = −100°,80°

d) sin(2θ + 30°) = 3 −180° ≤ θ < 180° θ = −165°, −135°,15°, 45°

2

e) cos(3 x − 45°) = − 1 0 ≤ x < 180° x = 55°,95°,175°

2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) sin x = − 1 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 210°,330°

2

b) cos 2 x = −0.1736 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 50°,130°, 230°,310°

c) tan( x − 40°) = 0.7 −180° ≤ x < 180° x = −105°,75°

d) sin(2θ + 40°) = 0.9848 −180° ≤ θ < 180° θ = −160°, −150°, 20°,30°

e) cos(4 y − 60°) = 6 − 2 0 ≤ y < 90° x = 33.8°,86.3°

4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

2( )
a) tan 3 x = − 3
3
0 ≤ x < 360° x = 100°, 220°,340°

b) sin(4 y − 45°) = 6 − 2 −90° ≤ y < 90° y = −75°, −37.5°,15°,52.5°

4

c) 5cos 2 x = 2 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 33.2°,146.8°, 213.2°,326.8°

d) 3 − tan(θ − 10°) = 1 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ = 73.4°, 253.4°

e) 3sin(3θ − 30°) + 4 = 5 −90° ≤ θ < 90° θ = −56.5°,16.5°,63.5°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 4cos 2θ = 3 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 20.7°,159.3°, 200.7°,339.3°

b) 3tan 4 x − 4 = 5 0 ≤ x < 90° x ≈ 17.9°, 62.9°

c) 5sin(3ψ − 70°) = 4 −90° ≤ ψ < 90° ψ ≈ −79.0°, −54.4°, 41.0°, 65.6°

d) 5 − 3tan 2ϕ = 1 0 ≤ ϕ < 180° ϕ ≈ 26.6°,116.6°

e) 2sin( y + 50°) + 3 = 4 0 ≤ y < 360° y = 100°,340°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 4 cos(2θ − 20°) = 1 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 47.8°,152.2°, 227.8°,332.2°

b) 2 + tan 4 x = 5 −90° ≤ x < 90° x ≈ −72.1°, −27.1°,17.9°, 62.9°

c) 7sin(4t + 10°) = 4 −90° ≤ t < 90° t ≈ −83.8°, −56.2°,6.2°,33.8°

d) 5cos ( 4ϕ ) + 1 = 0 0 ≤ ϕ < 90° ϕ ≈ 25.4°, 64.6°

e) tan( y + 50°) = 3 0 ≤ y < 360° y ≈ 21.6°, 201.6°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) cos(2θ + 25)° = −0.454 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 46°,109°, 226°, 289°

b) cos(2 y − 35)° = 0.891 0 ≤ y < 360° θ ≈ 4°,31°,184°, 211°

c) 3cos3 x − 1 = 0.22 −90° ≤ x < 90° x ≈ −22°, 22°

d) tan(5 y − 35)° = −2 − 3 0 ≤ y < 90° θ ≈ 28°,64°

e) 1 + 2sin(θ + 25)° = 2.532 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 25°,105°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) cos 2θ = −0.7374 0 ≤ θ < 2π θ ≈ 1.20c ,1.94c , 4.34c ,5.08c

 π
b) cos  x −  = 0.61 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 1.70c ,6.15c
 4

π 11π
c) 2 + 4sin x = 6 0 ≤ x < 2π x= ,
12 12

 π 7π 19π
d) 2 + tan  y +  = 3 0 ≤ y < 2π y= ,
 3 12 12

e) 4 − 2sin 3 x = 2.5 0≤ x <π x ≈ 0.28c ,0.76c , 2.38c , 2.86c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) sin 2 x = sin 48° 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 24°,66°, 204°, 246°

b) cos 3 x = cos96° 0 ≤ x < 180° x = 32°,88°,152°

c) tan(θ + 50°) = tan12° 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ = 142°,322°

d) sin 2 x = sin 324° 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 108°,162°, 288°,342°

e) cos 4 x = cos 240° 0 ≤ x < 180° x = 30°,60°,120°,150°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

π 5π
a) sin x = 1 0 ≤ x < 2π x= ,
2 6 6

π 5π 7π 11π
b) cos 2 x = 1 0 ≤ x < 2π x= , , ,
2 6 6 6 6

5π 4π
(
c) tan θ − π = 3
9 ) −π ≤ θ < π θ =− ,
9 9

11π 3π π π
(
d) sin 2θ + π = 3
6 2 ) −π ≤ θ < π θ =−
12
,− , ,
4 12 4

11π 19π 35π

(
e) cos 3x − π = − 1
4 2 ) 0≤ x <π x= , ,
36 36 36

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

 3x  3 5π 11π 17π
a) tan   = − 0 ≤ x < 2π x= , ,
 2  3 9 9 9

 π 6− 2 π π 5π 5π π 7π
b) sin  4 y −  = − ≤ y< y=− ,− , ,
 4 4 2 2 12 24 12 24

c) 5cos 2 x = 2 0 ≤ x < 2π x = 0.58c , 2.56c ,3.72c ,5.70c

 π 
d) 3 − tan  θ −  = 1 0 ≤ θ < 2π θ = 1.28c , 4.42c
 18 

 π π π
e) 3sin  3θ −  + 4 = 5 − ≤θ < θ = −0.99c ,0.29c ,1.11c
 6 2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

 π
a) 4 cos  2θ −  = 1 0 ≤ θ < 2π θ ≈ 0.83c ,2.66c ,3.98c ,5.80c
 9

π π
b) 2 + tan 4 x = 5 − ≤x< x ≈ −1.26c , −0.47c ,0.31c ,1.10c
2 2

 π  π π
c) 7sin  4t +  = 4 − ≤t < t ≈ −1.46c , −0.98c ,0.11c ,0.59c
 18  2 2

π
d) 5cos 4ϕ + 1 = 0 0 ≤ϕ < ϕ ≈ 0.44c ,1.13c
2

 5π 
e) tan  y + =3 0 ≤ y < 2π y ≈ 0.38c ,3.52c
 18 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 2sin 3 x − 1 = 0.25 0 ≤θ <π x ≈ 0.225c ,0.822c , 2.32c , 2.92c

 π
b) 5cos  θ +  − 1 = 2 0 ≤ x < 2π θ = 4.31c ,6.16c
 3

c) 1 − tan 4 y = 3 0≤ y <π y ≈ 0.509c ,1.29c , 2.08c , 2.87 c

 π π 7π 5π 19π
d) 2sin  2ϕ −  = 1 0 ≤ ϕ < 2π ϕ= , , ,
 3 4 12 4 12

 π π π π π
e) 2 cos  3t +  = 3 − ≤t < t=− ,−
 3 2 2 6 18

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

 4π  2π 11π 17π 41π

a) sin 2 x = sin   0 ≤ θ < 2π x= , , ,
 15  15 30 15 30

 8π  8π 22π 38π
b) cos 3 x = cos   0≤ x <π x= , ,
 15  45 45 45

 5π  π  29π 65π
c) tan  θ +  = tan   0 ≤ θ < 2π θ= ,
 18   12  36 36

 29π  8π 29π 23π 59π

d) sin 2 x = sin   0 ≤ x < 2π x= , , ,
 15  15 30 15 30

 4π  π π 2π 5π
e) cos 4 x = cos   0≤ x <π x= , , ,
 3  6 3 3 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) sin θ = 2cos θ 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 63.4°, 243.4°

b) sin θ + 3cos θ = 0 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 108.4°, 288.4°

c) 4 cos x − 3sin x = 0 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 53.1°, 233.1°

d) 2sin x = cos x 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 26.6°, 206.6°

e) sin 2θ + cos 2θ = 0 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ = 67.5°,157.5°, 247.5°,337.5°

f) 3 sin 3θ = 3cos3θ −90° ≤ θ < 90° θ = −40°, 20°,80°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) cos x = 3sin x 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 18.4°,198.4°

b) 4 cos x − 7 sin x = 0 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 29.7°, 209.7°

c) 5sin x + 6cos x = 0 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 129.8°,309.8°

d) 3sin 2θ = 3 cos 2θ −180 ≤ θ < 180° θ = −165°, −75°,15°,105°

e) sin 3θ = cos 3θ 0 ≤ θ < 180° θ = 15°,75°,135°

f) 5cos 2 x + 9sin 2 x = 0 0 ≤ x < 180° x ≈ 75.5°,165.5°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) sin θ = 2cos θ 0 ≤ θ < 2π θ ≈ 1.11c , 4.25c

b) sin θ + 3cos θ = 0 0 ≤ θ < 2π θ ≈ 1.89c ,5.03c

c) 4 cos x − 3sin x = 0 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 0.927c , 4.07c

d) 2sin x = cos x 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 0.464c ,3.61c

3π 7π 11π 15π
e) sin 2θ + cos 2θ = 0 0 ≤ θ < 2π θ= , , ,
8 8 8 8

2π π 4π
f) 3 sin 3θ = 3cos3θ −π ≤θ < π θ =− , ,
2 2 9 9 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) cos x = 3sin x 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 0.32c ,3.46c

b) 4 cos x − 7 sin x = 0 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 0.52c ,3.66c

c) 5sin x + 6cos x = 0 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 2.27c ,5.41c

11π 5π π 7π
d) 3sin 2θ = 3 cos 2θ −π ≤ θ < π θ =− ,− , ,
12 12 12 12

π 5π 3π
e) sin 3θ = cos 3θ 0 ≤θ <π θ= , ,
12 12 4

f) 5cos 2θ + 9sin 2θ = 0 0 ≤θ <π θ ≈ 1.32c , 2.89c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 18
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 2 cos 2 θ + 3cos θ − 2 = 0 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ = 60°,300°

b) 6sin 2 x + 5sin x + 1 = 0 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 210°,330°, x ≈ 340.5°199.5°

c) 2 tan 2 θ − tan θ − 6 = 0 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 63.4°,123.7°, 243.4°,303.7°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 19
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 3cos 2 θ − 13cos θ + 4 = 0 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 70.5°, 289.5°

b) 8sin 2 x + 6sin x + 1 = 0 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 210°,330°, x ≈ 194.5°,345.5°

c) 3tan 2 θ + 8 tan θ − 3 = 0 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 18.4°,108.4°,198.4°, 288.4°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 20
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 2 cos 2 x − sin x = 1 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 30°,150°, 270°

b) 2 cos 2 x + 1 = 5sin x 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 30°,150°

c) 2sin 2 x − 5cos x + 1 = 0 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 60°,300°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 21
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 2 cos 2 x + 7 sin x + 2 = 0 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 210°,330°

b) 5cos 2 θ − sin θ = 1 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 53.1°,126.9°,θ = 270°

c) 5sin 2 y = 19cos y + 1 0 ≤ y < 360° y ≈ 78.5°, 281.5°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 22
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 3sin 2 θ = 8 + 16cos θ 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 109.5°, 250.5°

b) 3cos 2 y + 11sin y = 9 0 ≤ y < 360° y ≈ 48.2°,138.2°

c) 5sin 2 x + 8cos x = 8 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 0°, x ≈ 53.1°,306.9°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 23
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 6cos 2 x + sin x = 4 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 41.8°,138.2°, x = 210°,330°

b) cos 2 θ = 7sin 2 θ − 2sin θ 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 194.5°,345.5°,θ = 30°,150°

c) sin y + 5 = 6cos 2 y 0 ≤ θ < 360° y ≈ 19.5°,160.5°, y = 210°,330°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 24
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 4 cos 2 θ + 9sin θ − 6 = 0 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 14.5°,165.5°

b) 8cos 2 x − 6sin x − 9 = 0 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 194.5°,345.5°, x = 210°,330°

c) 6sin 2 y + cos y − 5 = 0 0 ≤ y < 360° y ≈ 109.5°, 250.5°, y = 60°,300°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 25
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 4 cos 2 θ − cos θ = 2sin 2 θ 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 48.2°,311.8°,θ = 120°, 240°

b) 3cos 2 y − sin 2 y − 6cos y = 3 0 ≤ y < 360° y = 120°, 240°

c) 10sin 2 x − 3sin x = 4cos 2 x + 1 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 45.6°,134.4°, x = 210°,330°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 26
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 2sin 2 x − 2 cos x − cos 2 x = 1 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 70.5°, 289.5°, x = 180°

b) 4sin 2 θ − cos 2 θ = 8sin θ + 3 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 203.6°,336.4°

c) 3cos 2 2ϕ − 4sin 2 2ϕ = 15cos 2ϕ − 6 0 ≤ ϕ < 360° ϕ ≈ 40.9°,139.1°, 220.9°,319.1°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 27
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 12sin 2 β − 5cos β = 9 0 ≤ β < 360° β ≈ 70.5°,138.6°, 221.4°, 289.5°

b) 5cos 2 ψ + 2 = 3sin 2 ψ − 2cosψ 0 ≤ ψ < 360° ψ ≈ 75.5°, 284.5°, ψ = 120°, 240°

c) 3 − 7 cos 3θ = 6sin 2 3θ 0 ≤ θ < 180° θ ≈ 36.5°,83.5°,156.5°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 28
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 12 cos 2 θ − 5sin θ = 10 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 14.5°,165.5°, 221.8°,318.2°

b) 6sin 2 θ + 19cos θ = 16 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 48.2°,311.8°

c) cos 2 x − 9sin 2 x = sin x − 1 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 23.6°,156.4°, x = 210°,330°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 29
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 4sin 2 ψ = 15cosψ 0 ≤ ψ < 2π ψ ≈ 1.32c , 4.97c

b) 6cos 2 x + sin x = 4 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 0.73c , 2.41c , 3.67c , 5.76c

c) 4sin 2 2ϕ − cos 2 2ϕ = 3 + 8sin 2ϕ 0 ≤ ϕ < 2π ϕ ≈ 1.78c , 2.94c , 4.92c , 6.08c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 30
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 3 − 7 cos θ = 6sin 2 θ 0 ≤ θ < 2π θ ≈ 1.91c , 4.37c

b) 4 cos 2 x − cos x = 2sin 2 x 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 0.84c , 2.09c , 4.19c , 5.44c

c) 5cos 2 y + 2 = 3sin 2 y − 2cos y 0 ≤ y < 2π y ≈ 1.32c , 2.09c , 4.19c , 4.19c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 31
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

π 5π 3π
a) 2 cos 2 x − sin x = 1 0 ≤ x < 2π x= , ,
6 6 2

π 5π
b) 2sin 2 θ + 1 = 5cos θ 0 ≤ θ < 2π θ= ,
3 3

π 2π 4π 5π
c) 3cos 2 2 y − sin 2 2 y − 6cos 2 y = 3 0 ≤ y < 2π y= , , ,
3 3 3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 32
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 12sin 2 x − 5cos x = 9 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 1.23c , 2.42c , 3.86c , 5.05c

b) 10sin 2 θ − 3sin θ = 4cos 2 θ + 1 0 ≤ θ < 2π θ ≈ 0.52c , 0.80c , 2.62c , 2.36c

c) cos 2 ϕ = 7sin 2 ϕ − 2sin ϕ 0 ≤ y < 2π ϕ ≈ 0.52c , 2.62c ,3.39c , 6.03c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 33
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 4 tan 2 θ cos θ = 15 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ ≈ 75.5°, 284.5°

3 + sin 2 θ
b) = 3cos θ 0 ≤ θ < 360° θ = 120°, 240°
cos θ − 2

c) 2sin x = tan x 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 0°,60°,180°,300°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 34
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 3cos x = 8 tan x 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 19.5°,160.5°

b) 2 tan x sin x = 3 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 60°,300°

c) 2cos x = 3tan x 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 30°,150°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 35
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

a) 4 tan x sin x = 15 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 1.32c , 4.97c

b) 6cos x = 5 tan x 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 0.73c , 2.41c

c) tan x sin x = 2 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 2.00c , 4.29c

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 36
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

π 5π
a) 2 cos x − 3tan x = 0 0 ≤ x < 2π x= ,
6 6

b) 3tan x sin x = 8 0 ≤ x < 2π x ≈ 1.23c ,5.05c

7π 11π
c) 3tan x + 2cos x = 0 0 ≤ x < 2π x= ,
6 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 37
Solve each of the following trigonometric equations in the range given.

1
a) tan x − sin x = 0 0 ≤ x < 360° x = 0°,60°,180°,300°
2

sin x − cos x
b) =2 0 ≤ x < 360° x ≈ 71.6°, 251.6°
cos x

c) 4 tan y sin y cos y + 4 tan y cos y + 1 = 0

0 ≤ y < 360° y = 210°,330°

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 38
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

a) ( 2cos x + sin x )2 + ( cos x − 2sin x )2 ≡ 5 .

1
b) cos x + sin x tan x ≡ .
cos x

sin θ 1 + cos θ 2
c) + ≡ .
1 + cos θ sin θ sin θ

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 39
Prove the validity of each of the following trigonometric identities.

sin x sin x
a) − ≡ 2 tan 2 x .
1 − sin x 1 + sin x

cos x 1 − sin x 2
b) + ≡ .
1 − sin x cos x cos x

1 + sin x cos x
c) ≡ .
cos x 1 − sin x

Created by T. Madas