ESSAIS & REGLAGES D8R - SENR 8329

A/ Implement Operation Checks

Personal injury or death can result from sudden machine movement.

Sudden movement of the machine can cause injury to persons on or near

the machine.

Prevent possible injury by performing the procedure that follows before

working on the machine.

Move the machine to a smooth horizontal location. Move away from

working machines and personnel and lower the buckets or implements
(loader and backhoe) and stabilizers to the ground.

Permit only one operator on the machine. Keep all other personnel away
from machine or in view of the operator.

Engage the parking brake. Stop the engine.

Move the hydraulic control levers to all positions to release the pressure
in the hydraulic system.

The operation checks can be used to find leakage in the system. Also, the tests can be used to
find a bad valve or a bad pump. The speed of the rod movement can be used in order to check
the condition of the cylinders and the condition of the pump.

Raise and lower the bulldozer and the ripper several times. Operate the tilt control valve until
the tilt cylinder has been fully extended and retracted several times.

1. Watch the cylinders as the cylinders are extended and retracted. Movement must be
smooth and regular.

2. Listen for noise from the pump.

3. Allow the implement cylinders to travel full stroke in each direction.

4. Put each control valve in the HOLD position while the implement is off the ground.
Watch for excessive cylinder rod drift.

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1/ Cylinder Speed Tests

The oil in the system must be SAE 10. Also, the oil must be at a temperature of 65° ± 3°C
(150° ± 5°F) in order to get correct results. All speed tests are made with the engine rpm at
HIGH IDLE.

The speeds that are the same as the speeds shown in the chart, give an indication that the
circuit operation is normal.

Table 1

Bulldozer Blade     Bulldozer Tilt Cylinder Speed Test     Time in Seconds

SU-BLADE or U- Full tilt left to full tilt right or full tilt right to 1.7 to 2.0    
BLADE     full tilt left    

A   Full tilt right to full tilt left only     1.0 to 1.2    

Table 2

Bulldozer Blade     Bulldozer Lift Cylinder Speed Test     Time In Seconds    

All Blades     Ground to full up.     2.7 to 3.0    

Full up to ground (Quick-drop) .9 to 1.2    

Pause at ground (Quick-drop). 1.4 to 1.7    

Table 3

Ripper Cylinders Speed Test     Speed In Seconds    

Full down to full up.     3.6 to 4.0    

Full shank in to full shank out (Retract Cylinder).     4.2 to 4.9    

If the cylinder speeds are not correct use the following steps:

1. If only one of the cylinder speeds is slow, see the Implement Pump and System
Problem List, Problem 1.

2. If more than one of the cylinder speeds are slow, see Implement Pump and System
Problem List, Problem 2, Problem 6, or Problem 11.

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2/ Steering Turn Diameter Check

1. Move the machine to a flat, dry open area. When turning the machine, check that there
is a limited amount of track slip. Make sure that the steering linkage is adjusted.

2. Start and run the engine at HIGH IDLE. Raise all the implements to the FULL RAISE
position and return the levers to the HOLD position.

3. Release the parking brake and put the transmission in FIRST SPEED FORWARD.

4. Place the steering control handle in the full steer left position. Keep all implement
controls in the HOLD position.

5. Make a full 360 degree turn.

6. Stop the machine after the full turn. Lower all implements to the ground and stop the
engine.

7. Measure distance (A) as shown. Distance (A) should be 1.2 to 1.8 m (3.9 to 5.9 ft).

8. Repeat steps 1 through 7 with the steering control handle in the FULL STEER RIGHT
position.

9. If the distances measured in Steps 7 and 8 are within specification, the steering
hydraulic system is operating correctly. If the distances measured in Steps 7 and 8 are
not within specification, proceed to Step 10.

10. Do Steps 1 through 6 again with steering control handle at the FULL STEER RIGHT
and the FULL STEER LEFT positions with the bulldozer control lever held in the
FULL RAISE position.

11. Measure distance (A) as shown. Distance (A) should be 1.2 to 1.8 m (3.9 to 5.9 ft).

12. Refer to the following in order to help diagnose the steering system.

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Problem: The machine will not turn. The steering radius is very gradual.

Possible Causes:

1. The steering linkage is disconnected or broken.

2. The pump is not connected to the pump drive or the pump drive shaft is broken.

3. The oil level in the hydraulic tank is low.

4. The steering pump or the motor has failed.

5. There is no charge or pilot pressure.

6. The parking brake is ON. The problem is caused by the following causes:
a. The linkage is misadjusted.

b. The powertrain oil pressure is low.

c. Internal leakage in brake valve

7. There is a mechanical problem in the drive train.

Problem: Distance (A) is too large in Steps 7 and 8, but within specification in Steps 10
and 11.

Possible Causes:

1. The implement pressure reducing valve is not shifting at the correct pressure.

2. The implement pump standby pressure is too low.

Problem: Distance (A) is too large in Steps 7, 8, 10 and 11.

Possible Causes:

1. The charge pressure is low. The problem is caused by the following causes:
a. The charge pump is defective or worn.

b. The cold oil bypass valve is defective.

c. The charge pressure relief valve is set too low.

d. There is high leakage at the motor flushing valve.

e. The steering pump or the steering motor has failed.

2. There is low pilot pressure. The problem is caused by the following causes:
a. The tiller is improperly adjusted.

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 b. Improperly set pilot valves.

c. There is excessive leakage in the pilot valve.

d. There is a blocked supply line to the pilot valve.

e. There is leakage at the solenoid in the ripper diverter valve.

3. Steering pump:
a. The crossover relief/makeup valve is leaking.

b. The pump controls are misadjusted or defective.

c. The stops are incorrect or worn.

4. Steering motor:
a. The motor is worn or failed.

b. The flushing valve is defective.

Problem: Distance (A) is too large in one direction in Steps 7, 8, 10, and 11.

Possible Causes:

1. There is Low charge pressure. The problem is caused by the following causes:
a. There is high leakage at the motor flushing valve.

b. The steering pump or the steering motor has failed.

2. There is low pilot pressure. The problem is caused by the following causes:
a. The steering tiller is improperly adjusted.

b. Improperly set pilot valves.

c. There is excessive leakage on one side of the pilot valve.

d. There is a blocked pump signal line from the pilot valve.

3. Steering pump:
a. The crossover relief/makeup valve is leaking.

b. The pump controls are misadjusted or defective.

c. The pump is worn or failed.

4. Steering motor:
a. The motor is worn or failed.

b. The flushing valve is defective.

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B/ Diagnostic Instrument Tests - Implement Hydraulic
System
The test is used mainly to determine the location of a problem in the implement hydraulic
circuit.

Personal injury or death can result from sudden machine movement.

Sudden movement of the machine can cause injury to persons on or near

the machine.

Prevent possible injury by performing the procedure that follows before

working on the machine.

Move the machine to a smooth horizontal location. Move away from

working machines and personnel and lower the buckets or implements
(loader and backhoe) and stabilizers to the ground.

Permit only one operator on the machine. Keep all other personnel away
from machine or in view of the operator.

Engage the parking brake. Stop the engine.

Move the hydraulic control levers to all positions to release the pressure
in the hydraulic system.

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 Table 12

Tools Required:    

1u-5796 Pressure Differential Gauge Group    

6v-3121 Multitach    
1. Move the machine to a flat open area. Lower the implements to the ground and stop
the engine.

g00491364
Illustration 2
Implement Valve Group (Seat and Floor Pan Removed)

(A) Pump Discharge Pressure tap

(B) Pressure tap (signal oil)

2. Remove the seat and the floor panel. Install a 1u-5755 Hose Assembly on pressure
taps (A) and (B) .

3. Connect the other ends of the hoses to the 1u-5796 Pressure Differential Gauge
Group. Connect the hose for pressure tap (A) to the tee side of the ΔP gauge. Connect
the hose from pressure tap (B) to the elbow side of the ΔP gauge.

4. Install the 8t-0861 Gauge (60000 kPa (8700 psi)) on the tee side of the ΔP gauge.

5. Make sure that the implement control linkage is correctly adjusted for the implement
valves.

6. Install the 6v-3121 Multitach on the tachometer drive.

7. Start and run the engine at HIGH IDLE. Record the rpm. The reading should be 2240
± 40 rpm. Check the Vehicle Fuel Specifications (Zero T) for the most current
specification for the engine.

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8. With the engine at HIGH IDLE, move the bulldozer control lever halfway between
HOLD and FULL RAISE. Record the readings on the ΔP gauge while the bulldozer is
still moving up. The reading on the ΔP gauge is margin pressure or the difference
between pump discharge pressure and signal pressure from the implement control
valve.

The margin pressure should be 2100 ± 275 kPa (305 ± 40 psi). If the margin pressure
is not correct then see the topic Compensator Valve Adjustments/Margin Pressure
Adjustments for the correct procedure to make an adjustment. If the margin pressure is
adjusted, the differential pressure should be held to 2100 ± 100 kPa (305 ± 15 psi).

9. With the engine at HIGH IDLE, move the bulldozer blade tilt lever to the maximum
TILT LEFT or TILT RIGHT position. After the cylinder has hit the end of the stroke,
the implement pump is at a stall or cutoff condition.

Note: For machines not equipped with tilt cylinders or for machines without the
bulldozer installed, blocking plates may be used on the lift circuit hoses.

10. With the machine in the implement pump stall condition, record the following
readings:
a. Pump discharge pressure (read gauge on tee side of ΔP gauge).

b. Engine rpm.

c. Pressure on the ΔP gauge.

Note: Do not hold the machine in the implement stall condition for more than
15 seconds at a time. Wait 1 to 2 minutes before going back to the stall
condition.

11. Readings from Step 10 should be the following readings:

a. 24100 ± 450 kPa (3500 ± 65 psi)

b. 30 rpm or less below the reading recorded in Step 7.

c. 350 kPa (50 psi) maximum with a maximum oil temperature of 66°C (150°F).

If all readings are with in specification, the implement hydraulic pump should
be okay, but there still could be a problem in the individual implement circuits.

12. Use the following Problems and Possible Causes to help diagnose implement system
problems based on the results of the above tests. Remove test equipment after all tests,
adjustments, and needed repairs are completed.

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C/ Diagnostic Instrument Tests - Steering Hydraulic
System
The test is used mainly to determine the location of a problem in the steering hydraulic
system.

Personal injury or death can result from sudden machine movement.

Sudden movement of the machine can cause injury to persons on or near

the machine.

Prevent possible injury by performing the procedure that follows before

working on the machine.

Move the machine to a smooth horizontal location. Move away from

working machines and personnel and lower the buckets or implements
(loader and backhoe) and stabilizers to the ground.

Permit only one operator on the machine. Keep all other personnel away
from machine or in view of the operator.

Engage the parking brake. Stop the engine.

Move the hydraulic control levers to all positions to release the pressure
in the hydraulic system.

Table 16

Tools Required:    

2 - 8t-0861 Pressure Gauges (

0 to 60000 kPa (0 to 8700 psi)) or equivalent    

2 - 8t-0855 Pressure Gauges (

0 to 4000 kPa (0 to 580 psi)) or equivalent    

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4 - 1u-5755 Hose Assemblies or equivalent    

6v-3121 Multitach    

Appropriate instrumentation for measuring oil

temperature.    
1. Move the machine to a flat open area. Lower all implements to the ground and stop the
engine.

Afficher image

g00491599
Illustration 10
(1) Steering Motor

(C) Pressure tap for the left steer pressure

(D) Pressure tap for the right steer pressure

2. Remove the floorplate and install a 1u-5755 Hose Assembly on pressure taps (C), (D),
(Y1), and (Y2) .

3. Connect the other ends of the hoses from taps (C) and (D) to two 0 to 60000 kPa (0 to
8700 psi) gauges.

Afficher image

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 g00805309
Illustration 11

 Connect the other ends of the hoses from taps (Y1) and (Y2) to two 0 to 4000 kPa (0 to 580
psi) gauges.

Note: If only two hose assemblies and gauges are available, install the hoses alternately on
pressure taps (C) and (Y1) and then on pressure taps (D) and (Y2) .

5. Install the floorplate.

6. Install 6v-3121 Multitach on the engine tachometer drive.

7. Start the engine and run at HIGH IDLE. The reading should be 2240 ± 40 rpm.

8. Fully engage the parking brake and place all controls in the HOLD position. With the
engine at HIGH IDLE, record the pressures on the gauges at pressure taps (C), (D),
(Y1), and (Y2). The readings on pressure gauges (Y1) and (Y2) should be below 200
kPa (30 psi). If either of the pressures is higher than 200 kPa (30 psi), the steering
pump could be trying to steer in one direction. The cause(s) could be the following
cause:
a. The tiller handle or the pilot valve linkage is improperly adjusted.

b. The pilot valve is improperly adjusted.

c. The steering pump controls are defective.

d. The pilot control valve is defective.

9. The reading on pressure gauges at pressure taps (C) and (D) should be 2500 ± 300 kPa
(365 ± 45 psi). If the pressures on the gauges at pressure taps (C) and (D) are too high,
then the charge pressure relief valve is improperly adjusted or defective or the oil
temperature is too low. If the pressures are too low, then there is a problem in the
charge circuit. The causes could be the following causes:
a. The charge pressure relief valve is improperly adjusted or failed.

b. There is a leak in the charge circuit.

c. The motor or the motor flushing valve has wear.

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 d. The cold oil bypass valve that is in the pressure control valve is worn or
improperly adjusted.

e. The oil level is low.

f. The charge pump is worn.

g. The steering pump is worn.

10. Make sure that the transmission is in NEUTRAL. Release the parking brake and fully
activate the service brake (foot brake). Record the engine speed.

11. With the engine at HIGH IDLE, slowly move the steering control lever to the
MAXIMUM STEER RIGHT position. The steering system is in a steer stall condition.
Do not hold the machine in a steer stall condition for more than 20 seconds at a time.

Note: The machine must not move. If the machine moves, the brake system must be
checked.

12. With the machine in a right steer stall condition, record pressures (D) and (Y2). Also
record the engine speed and the hydraulic oil temperature. Compare the measured
pressure with the pressure in the chart below. Use the pressure that is closest to the oil
temperature that was measured. Warm up the oil or allow the oil to cool until the oil
more closely matches the values in the chart. Repeat the test.

13. Repeat Steps 11 and 12 for a MAXIMUM STEER LEFT condition and record
pressures (C) and (Y1) .

14. If the measured pressures (C) and (D) are as shown in the chart, the pump is
developing the specified pressure.
Table 17

Steering Pump Cutoff Pressure Chart    

Engine Speed     Oil Temperature    

  
65° ± 5°C (150° ± 10°F)     80° ± 5°C (175° ± 10°F)    

2240 rpm    
40000 ± 1050 kPa (5800 ± 150 39500 ± 1050 kPa (5730 ± 150
psi)     psi)    
15. Note: The above test conditions must be matched as closely as possible. Temperatures
or speeds that are lower than those shown may result in higher pressures.

15. If the pressure (C) and pressure (D) are not as specified in the chart, then determine if
pressure (Y1) and pressure (Y2) are within specification. If (Y1) and (Y2) are not
within specification, see the topic Steering Pilot Valve Tests and Adjustments.

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 If the measured pressures for (C) and (D) are higher than those shown in the chart,
then the pump cutoff pressure needs to be lowered.

If the measured pressures for (C) and/or (D) are lower than those shown in the chart
the the cause could be one of the following:

a. The pump cutoff controls are misadjusted or failed.

b. Motor flushing valve is stuck or the valve is not functioning properly.

c. The motor is worn or leaking.

d. Low charge pressure.

e. The pump is worn or leaking.

f. The Pump crossover relief/makeup valves is leaking or set too low.

16. If the engine speed drops (lugs) more than 30 rpm from the recorded HIGH IDLE
speed in one steering direction, or both steering directions, during Steps 11 through
13, the corresponding crossover relief/makeup valve(s) may be leaking or set too low.

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Steering Pilot Valve Tests and Adjustments

Afficher image

g00492423
Illustration 25

Pilot Valve

(1) Lever

(2) Hole

(3) Jam nut

(4) Bolt

(5) Plunger

(6) Jam nut

(7) Sleeve

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Note: If the pilot valve has unequal pressure right to left or unequal steering turn diameter,
complete the following tests:

Steering Pilot Valve Alignment

1. Shut off the engine and engage the parking brake.

Afficher image

g00492426
Illustration 26
Tiller Assembly and Pilot Valve

(1) Lever

(2) Hole

(8) Mounting plate assembly

(9) Hole

(10) Housing

(11) Bolt

(12) Roller
2. Insert a 3.2 mm (0.125 inch) diameter pin through hole (2) and through hole (9). If the
pin does not go through both holes, an alignment adjustment is required.

3. If the pin goes through both holes (2) and (9), remove the pin. Release the parking
brake, and insert the pin through holes (2) and (9) again. Do not move the tiller in
order to align the holes. If the pin goes through both holes the alignment of the valve
is correct and no further adjustment is needed. If the pin does not go through both
holes, an alignment adjustment is required.

4. If an adjustment is required, engage the parking brake and disconnect all hydraulic
lines to the pilot valve.

5. Loosen two bolts (11) that hold the pilot valve to mounting plate assembly (8) .

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 6. Install a 3.2 mm (0.125 in) diameter pin into hole (2) in lever (1) and hole (9) in
housing (10) .

7. Line up the pilot valve so that roller (12) is at the bottom of lever (1) and there is no
preload on either plunger (5). Tighten mounting bolts (11) and remove the pin.

8. Check the adjustment by releasing the parking brake and reinserting the pin through
holes (2) and (9). Do not move the tiller in order to align the holes. If the pin goes
through both holes the alignment of the valve is correct and no further adjustment is
needed. If the pin does not go through both holes, the alignment is not correct and the
adjustment should be repeated.

Note: The pilot valve may move if the transmission control cables are too tight or
misadjusted.

9. Verify that the tiller moves smoothly in both directions.

10. Connect the hydraulic lines. Start the engine, and remove the air in the pilot circuit.

Actuator Adjustment

1. Shut off the engine. Engage the parking brake. Remove or pull up the boot in order to
allow access to jam nut (3) .

2. Loosen two jam nuts (3) and adjust two bolts (4) inward until there is a gap between
the head of bolts (4) and plungers (5) on both sides of the valve.

3. Adjust bolts (4) outward in order to remove all free play between the head of bolts (4)
and plungers (5). Do not preload plunger (5) .

4. Tighten jam nuts (3) to a torque of 12 ± 4 N·m (9 ± 3 lb ft) and reinstall the boot.

Pressure Adjustment

Note: Check the charge pressure before making any adjustments to the pilot pressure.

Afficher image

g00805309
Illustration 27

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1. Shut off the engine. Engage the parking brake. Remove or pull up the boot in order to
allow access to plunger jam nuts (6) .

2. Install a 6v-3081 Hose with a 0 to 4000 kPa (0 to 580 psi) pressure gauge attached to
pressure taps (Y1) and (Y2) .

3. Make a copy of the angle measurement guide and cut the guide out. With the parking
brake ON (ENGAGED), tape the portion of the guide with the letters to the housing of
the tiller as shown in the photo below. The arrow point that corresponds with the letter
"N" should be in line with the center of the stud as shown. Make a mark on the end of
the stud so that it lines up with the arrow point that corresponds with the letter "N".

Afficher image

g00492486
Illustration 28

Angle Measurement Guide

Afficher image

g00801696
Illustration 29

4. Start and run the engine at LOW IDLE. Read the pressure on the two gauges. The
pressure should read between 0 and 200 kPa (0 to 30 psi). If the pressure is greater
than 200 kPa (30 psi) on either gauge, loosen jam nut (6) for the side with the high
pressure reading. Loosen sleeve (7) until the pressure on the gauge is less than 200
kPa (30 psi).

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5. If the pressure on either gauge reads 0 kPa (0 psi), loosen jam nut (6) for the side with
no pressure reading. Tighten sleeve (7) until the pressure is between 0 and 200 kPa (0
and 30 psi).

6. Tighten jam nuts (6) to a torque of 30 ± 15 N·m (22 ± 11 lb ft).

7. Place the transmission in NEUTRAL. Firmly depress the service brake pedal and
release the parking brake. The pressure readings on the gauges should not change. If
the pressures change, the pilot valve needs to be aligned.

8. With the service brake pedal still depressed, use the angle measurement guide and
shift the tiller so that positions (A), (B), and (C) in both STEER LEFT and STEER
RIGHT line up with the mark on the end of the stud. Note the pressure on each gauge
in each position and compare the pressures to the pressures in the following table.

Table 23

Pilot Pressure Chart    

Tiller Position     Y1     Y2    

(A) Steer Left    

745 ± 100 kPa (108 ± 15 psi)     0 to 200 kPa (0 to 29 psi)    

(B) Steer Left    

1200 ± 170 kPa (174 ± 25 psi)     0 to 200 kPa (0 to 29 psi)    

(C) Steer Left    

2060 ± 240 kPa (300 ± 35 psi)     0 to 200 kPa (0 to 29 psi)    

(A) Steer Right    

0 to 200 kPa (0 to 29 psi)     745 ± 100 kPa (108 ± 15 psi)    

(B) Steer Right    

0 to 200 kPa (0 to 29 psi)     1200 ± 170 kPa (174 ± 25 psi)    

(C) Steer Right    

0 to 200 kPa (0 to 29 psi)     2060 ± 240 kPa (300 ± 35 psi)    
9. If the pressures are low in both directions, increase the engine speed. If the pressures
increase, the problem is in the charge loop.

10. If the pressure is low in one direction only, the pilot valve may be dirty or defective.
Check the pilot valve for debris or damage.

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