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Plant Morphology

The document discusses plant morphology and covers topics such as botany, plant cells, tissues, organs, and the importance of plants. It describes the different types of plant cells and tissues including meristematic and permanent tissues. It also compares monocots and dicots.

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Mica Ella Meicole Lopez
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27 views8 pages

Plant Morphology

The document discusses plant morphology and covers topics such as botany, plant cells, tissues, organs, and the importance of plants. It describes the different types of plant cells and tissues including meristematic and permanent tissues. It also compares monocots and dicots.

Uploaded by

Mica Ella Meicole Lopez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PLANT MORPHOLOGY (March 8, 2021)

Main Branches of Biology


 Botany
 Zoology
 Microbiology
 
Botany
 Came from the Greek words
o Botanikos/Botane
 herbs or grass
o Boskein
 to feed
 Includes their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and
economic importance
 
Father of Botany
 Theophrastus
o Greek Philosopher
o Student of Aristotle
o 372-287 BC
o Enquiry into Plants
 Historia Plantarum
o Causes of Plants
 Causae Plantarum
 
KINGDOM PLANTAE

Seeds
 important for propagation

Monocots Dicots

 one cotyledon  two cotyledon

 one leaflet  leaf


 parallel and straight
leaf-bination

 coconut tree  eggplant


 tulips
 grass
 orchids
 
PLANT CELL TYPES
 Parenchyma Cells
o responsible for photosynthesis
o found in leaves
 Collenchyma Cells
o mechanical support for the plant
 by protecting the delicate inner part of the plant
o found in stem
 Sclerenchyma Cells
o matured dead cells
o found in wooden part or hard stem
 
Age= lines and circles in the girth of a tree
 
PLANT TISSUES

Meristematic Tissue Permanent Tissue

 undifferentiate  completely grown


d or
incompletely  have lost the ability
differentiated of division

 continue to
divide and
contribute to
the growth of
the plant

 Apical  Dermal
 Lateral  Vascular
 Intercalary  Ground

 
MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
 Apical Meristems
o located at the tip of stems and roots
o enable a plant to extend in length
 
 Lateral Meristems
o facilitate growth in thickness or girth in a maturing plant
 
 Intercalary Meristems
o occur only in monocots
o found at
 bases of leaf blades
 nodes (areas where leaves attach to a stem)

 
PERMANENT TISSUE
 Dermal Tissue
o covers and protects the plant
o Epidermis
 outermost layer of the plant
o Cuticle
 protects the plant from biotic and abiotic stresses
o Stomata
 controls the rate of gas exchange
 opening of the leaves
 located beneath the leaves
 avoid from exposure
 keep hydration
o Guard Cells
 regulate the opening of the stomata
 

 Vascular Tissue
o complex tissue
o made of 2 specialized conducting tissue
 Xylem
 Phloem

Xylem Phloem

 transports water  transports organic


compounds
 from the roots
 from the site of
 to different parts photosynthesis
of the plant
 to other parts of
the plant

3 different cell types 4 different cell types


 vessel elements (conduct water)  sieve cells (conduct
photosynthesis)
 tracheids (conduct water)
 companion cells
 xylem parenchyma
 phloem parenchyma
 phloem fibers

 they always lie adjacent to each other


 form vascular tissue
 roots= vascular cylinder

Dicot Monocot

 bigger  smaller
 arranged  unarranged
 near each other  spread out

 
 Ground Tissue
 mostly made up of parenchyma cells
 may also contain collenchyma and sclerenchyma
 support the stem
 Pith
 located towards the interior of the vascular tissue in a stem or root
 Cortex
 lies between vascular tissue and epidermis

 
Plant Organs
 Leaves
 photosynthesis
 storage
 defense
 guttation
 via hyathodes
 Stem
 supports and conducts water and minerals to the leaves
 Flower
 used by plants for reproduction
 attracts pollinators
 Roots
 anchorage of the plant
 absorption of water
 dissolve minerals
 Fruits
 usually help plants prevent the seeds from drying
 disperse the seed
 Seeds
 nourishment
 dispersal
 dormancy
 PLANT-ROOT SYSTEM

Shoot Root

 stems  root parts of the


plant
 leaves
 located below the
 reproductive structures soil/ground
 found above the soil/ground

 
IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS
 supply food for many organism
 maintain atmosphere
 Oxygen (too much = oxidation of humans = cell death)
 Carbon dioxide
 provide shelter to many organism
 prevent erosion
 mountainous area
 provide medicines from its natural phytochemicals
 produce paper, fabric, lumber, and others
 

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