Contoh Explanation Text

1. Contoh Explanation Text about Flood

Flooding is a disaster which commonly happens in large and densely populated cities. In Indonesia, the
floods hit Jakarta very often and cause many victims. Then, do you know the process of how flood
happens? Pay attention to the following explanation.
The process of natural flooding is preceded by rain which falls to the surface of the earth. Then the rain
water is absorbed by the ground surface and flows to the lower place. Once that condition happens,
evaporation and the water appear to the surface of the land. Flooding can be disastrous for humans
when floods happen in an area that people live because the water carries along objects like houses,
bridges, cars, furniture and even people.
On the other hand, the process of non natural flooding is usually caused by bad habits of humans who
do not care about the environment, such as littering that can make water flow clogged. This makes the
water deposited in landfills which gradually becomes more common. When water reservoirs can no
longer hold water discharge, the water then overflows out the land and cause flooding.
2. Contoh Explanation Text Tsunami
In Indonesia, we are very familiar with the word " Tsunami ". This natural disaster has ever killed
thousands of lives in Banda Aceh a few years ago. Indonesia mourned, the world mourned. Then, how
the Tsunami happens? Here is a brief explanation of the process of how the Asian tsunami happens.
Tsunamis can occur if there is a phenomenon which causes the displacement of large amounts of water
in the ocean, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, and meteors that fall to Earth.
However, 90% of tsunamis is the result of underwater earthquakes.
Vertical movement in the Earth's crust in the bottom of the ocean causes a sudden up or down
movement of sea floor which then causes the water balance disorders above it. This disturbance causes
the occurrence of the flow of the massive sea water energy, that once it reaches the shore, it becomes
huge waves resulting Tsunami.

3. Contoh Explanation Text Global Warming

As we know now, global warming which is happening right now has a very big impact on natural
conditions, animals and humans. Well, do you know how global warming which has a particularly serious
impact on life happens? To know the process of how this phenomenon occurs, see the following
explanation.
The process starts when sunlight shines the earth where most of the heat is absorbed by the earth and
a half of it is reflected back onto the air (atmosphere). Sunshine returning to the air is trapped by gases
in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, methane, water vapor, and so on. This event
is known as the greenhouse effect.
Solar radiation on the earth's atmosphere makes ozone layer get thinner and makes the sunlight which
shines the Earth become hotter. The greenhouse effect also causes the sunlight which is reflected back
onto space is reflected back into the earth. This phenomenon causes the earth continuously getting
hotter. This condition is known as global warming.

4. Contoh Explanation Text about Rainbow

Almost everyone very likes a natural phenomenon called the rainbow. To the extent that a lot of people
create an art work like song, cake, and the other work after seeing the beautiful colors of the rainbow.
But, do you know how the phenomenon of the appearance of the rainbow happens?
Rainbow occurs because of the refraction of light. The sunlight that shines in between the rain drops is
refracted by the rain drops. This process separates the white light of the sunlight into a spectrum of
different colors.
The spectrum of colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Or what we often
memorize as the abbreviation "ROY G BIV /  mejikuhibiniu.” Then the colors reflect in the back drops of
rain, resulting the light which looks arched and becomes the rainbow.

5. Contoh Explanation Text about Snow

The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall you can crunch through the snow, make a
snowman and play snowballs with your brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made, though?

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This happens when
the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed
around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each snowflake is different
and might contain up to 200 crystals.

6. Respiratory System
Do you know how your body gets oxygen from the air and removes carbon dioxide from your body?
Right! It’s because of the respiratory system. Do you know how it works? The following explanation is
written to help you understand the process clearly.
The first phase of respiration is breathing in or inhalation. This process brings air from outside the body
into the lungs. From the lungs, the oxygen moves through blood vessels to the heart which then pumps
the oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body. Oxygen then moves from the blood- stream into the cells,
which completes the first phase of respiration. In the cells, oxygen is used in a separate energy-
producing process which produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
The second phase of respiration begins when the carbon dioxide moves from the cells to the
bloodstream which carries carbon dioxide to the heart. Then, it pumps the carbon dioxide-laden blood to
the lungs. In the lungs, breathing out or exhalation removes carbon dioxide from the body, thus
completing the respiration cycle.

7. Digestive System
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by
the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive
juice which moistens the food, so it can be swallowed easily.
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the
food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food
enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and
moving the food onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch
projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.
8. Geyser
A geyser is the result of underground water under the combined conditions of high temperatures and
increased pressure beneath the surface of the earth. Since temperature rises approximately 1 F for
every sixty feet under the earth's surface, and pressure increases with depth, the water that seeps down
in crack and fissures until it reaches very hot rock in the earth interior becomes heated to temperature
in excess of 290 F. Because of the greater pressure, the water shoots out of the surface in the form of
steam and hot water. The result is a geyser. In order to function, then a geyser must have a source of
heat, reservoir where water can be stored until the temperature rises to an unstable point, an opening
through which the hot water and steam can escape, and underground channels for resupplying water
after an eruption.
Favorable conditions for geyser exist in some regions of the world including New Zealand, Iceland, and
the Yellowstone National Park area of the United States. The most famous geyser in the world is Old
Faithfull in Yellow Park. Old Faithfull erupts almost every hour, rising to a height of 125 to 170 feet and
expelling more than ten thousand gallons during each eruption.

9. How Can We Taste A Food?

The sense of taste is one of a person's five senses. We taste with the help of taste- buds in the
tongue. The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are
connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called 'tastes messages. Then, how do we
taste food we eat?
When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The
nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a
few seconds.

10. Wacana

Probably the best known volcano in Indonesia, or in the whole world for that matter, is Mount
Krakatau. It erupted violently in 1883. What caused it to erupt? Or, more generally, what causes
volcanoes to erupt? In order to know the answer, it is necessary for us to know what a volcano is. In
Indonesian we call it "gunung berapi", or "gunung api" for short, the question is, where do the heat and
fire come from? According to geologists, deep beneath the ground there are chambers, which contain
molten rock. Because of high pressure, the molten rock is forced up the passage that connects the
chamber and the opening in the crust of the earth. This molten rock flows out of the opening as lava
(magma), and along with it is emitted ashes and gases. A volcano, then, is a mountain with an opening
at the top, from which flows lava, hot ashes and gases Eventually the lava cools off and becomes solid
rock. Sometimes the solid rock blocks the opening and eruption stop. However, if high pressure builds
up in the chamber, the blockage may reopen and the volcano erupts once more.

Very often a volcanic explosion, like the 1883's explosion of Mount Krakatau, causes a great deal of
human suffering. That is why people often associate volcanoes with disasters. That is not wholly correct,
of course, since there are also some good things. Firstly, volcanoes, like mountain in generals, cause
clouds the rise and then cool off to form rain. Secondly, the materials thrown up by volcanoes contain
minerals needed by plants, after many years the volcanic materials make the soil fertile.

11.How does Rain Fall?

Rain is one of the main sources of fresh water for almost all people in the world. It provides suitable
conditions for diverse ecosystems. It is also used as hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation. But,
do you know how rain happens?
The rain’s phenomenon is actually what we often call as “water circle.” The concept of the water cycle
involves the sun heating the Earth’s surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. Then the
water vapor rises into the Earth’s atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into
liquid droplets. The droplets grow bigger and heavier and fall to the earth as precipitation.
However, not all rain can reach the surface of the earth. Some evaporates while falling through dry air.
This is what we call as “virga”, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

12. ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY

The electric current supplied to your home from the power station is alternating current, or AC for
short. AC reverses its direction of flow 100 times, every second. It flows 50 times in one direction. AC is
easier to generate and to transmit than DC (direct current). Another reason that AC is used for domestic
power supplies is that its voltage can be changed by a device called a transformer.

Huge quantities of electrical energy are produced by a power station. AH this electricity must be
sent out across the country to houses, shops, and factories. To 'push' the electricity out over long
distances, very high voltages are needed. However, when the electricity reaches it's destination, lower
voltages are needed because high voltages are very dangerous.

High voltages are 'stepped-down' by means of a transformer, an invention of the nineteenth-century

English scientist Michael Faraday, who also discovered the principle of the dynamo. (The dynamo can
change mechanical energy into electrical energy). The transformer consists of two coils of wire than the
other. If AC is passed through one coil, it induces moving lines of magnetic force.

This is turn induces an electric current in the other coil. Suppose coil A has half as many turns as
coil B, then the voltage induced in it will be half the voltage in coil B. in this way the voltages can be
reduced. At the same time the current can be increased.

The power supply from the power station is stepped-down by transformers from hundreds of
thousands of volts to 220 volts for domestic use. Houses are wired with electric circuits. Electricity
coming into the house passed through a meter, which measures the amount of electricity used, so that
the supplier can charge for it. The current also passes through a fuse box. A fuse protects electrical
appliances from overloading. If too much power is taken, a wire in the fuse gets hot and melts, so
breaking the circuit and acting as a 'switch'.

13.Contoh Explanation Text about Snow

The snowfall is always exciting, isn’t it? In the snowfall you can crunch through the snow, make a
snowman and play snowballs with your brother. Have you ever wondered how snow is made, though?

Snow occurs when water vapors in the air freeze before they can turn into water. This happens when
the temperature in the clouds is very cold. Snowflakes are made up of crystals of ice that have formed
around bits of dirt in the air. The snowflakes start out very small and grow. Each snowflake is different
and might contain up to 200 crystals.

14.Respiratory System
Do you know how your body gets oxygen from the air and removes carbon dioxide from your body?
Right! It’s because of the respiratory system. Do you know how it works? The following explanation is
written to help you understand the process clearly.
The first phase of respiration is breathing in or inhalation. This process brings air from outside the body
into the lungs. From the lungs, the oxygen moves through blood vessels to the heart which then pumps
the oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body. Oxygen then moves from the blood- stream into the cells,
which completes the first phase of respiration. In the cells, oxygen is used in a separate energy-
producing process which produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
The second phase of respiration begins when the carbon dioxide moves from the cells to the
bloodstream which carries carbon dioxide to the heart. Then, it pumps the carbon dioxide-laden blood to
the lungs. In the lungs, breathing out or exhalation removes carbon dioxide from the body, thus
completing the respiration cycle.
Teks explanation

The petroleum we obtain today was formed under the ground for many millions of years. In the
past, small animals living in the sea sank to the seabed when they died. Layers of these creatures built
up over millions of years, and the actions of heat, pressure and bacteria turned their bodies into
petroleum. The petroleum spread through porous rocks until it came to impervious rocks. In this way,
pockets of petroleum were formed beneath the ground. Over many thousands of years, this land rose
above the sea, and deposits of oil are now found on or near land.

Oil companies employ scientists to study rocks and discover where oil is likely to be found. If it
seems likely that oil exists beneath their feet, they will drill a narrow hole to find out whether there is
any oil. They may be unsuccessful; if a new field is being explored, there is one chance in nine of
discovering petroleum.

15. Teks explanation

The United States of America is where the Venus's fly trap has its origins. The Venus's fly trap is a
unique plant. It belongs to a group of plants called 'carnivorous plants'. These plants feed on insects.
The Venus's fly trap has a special mechanism by .which it traps its prey, This is how it works.

At the end of each leaf- which grows from the base of a long, flowering stalk - there is, a trap. The
trap is made up of two lobes and is covered with short, reddish hairs which are sensitive. There are
teeth like structures around the edge of the lobes.

The trap contains nectar which attracts insects. When an insect comes in contact with the nectar,
the trap snaps shut. There are certain digestive juices inside the trap. Which digest the insects. It takes
about ten days for a trapped insect to be digested. We can tell when this digestion is complete, for then
the walls automatically open to wait for another victim.

There are about two hundred species of carnivorous plants. Another kind of these well-known
.species is the pitcher plant. What differentiates this plant from the Venus's fly trap'is the shape; the
mechanism to catch insects is the same in both plants.

The pitcher plants are climbing plants which cling to other plants by means of tendrils. At one end
of the tendril, there is a pitcher-shaped vessel with an open lid. The mouth and the lid of the pitcher
contain glands which produce nectar to attract insects. When an insect settles on the nectar, the lid of
the pitcher shuts, trapping its victim. The digestive juices inside the pitcher then begin to work.

16. Teks explanation

How Planes Fly

A plane needs air pressure under tlieir wings to stay up in the air. As they move forward, the
higher air pressure underneath their wings pushes them upward and gives them lift.

The smooth, streamlined shape of the plane allows air to flow easily over its surface. This helps to
reduce 'the drag caused by the air pushing against the plane and. allows it to move rapidly through the
air.

Planes move forward using engines. This movement is called thrust. Moving forward keeps a
stream of moving air passing over the wings, which allows the plane to stay up in the air. If the engines
fail, the plane will begin to descend very quickly.
 The air above the wing moves faster so it is at a lower pressure than .the air under the wing.

The air under the wing moves more slowly and is slightly squashed so it is at a higher pressure
than the air above the wing.

17. Teks explanation

Rain always comes from clouds. But where do clouds come from? How does all the water get into
the sky?

Think about your bathroom. There is hot water in your bath. Steam goes up from the hot water.
The steam makes small clouds in the bathroom. These
warm clouds meet the cold walls and windows, and then
we see small drops of water on the walls and windows.

The world is like your bathroom. The water in the oceans

is warm when the sun shines on it. Some of this water goes up
into the sky and makes clouds. The wind carries the clouds
for hundreds of kilometres. The clouds meet the cold air in the
sky, then we'll see drops of water. The drops of water are rain.

The rain falls and runs into rivers. Rivers run into oceans. And the water from oceans changes into
clouds and becomes rain. So water is always moving from oceans to clouds to rain to river to oceans.

Weather is the physical condition of the atmosphere at a particular time. It includes temperature,
air pressure and water content.

Weather is produced when air moves from place to place. This moving air is known as wind. Winds
are formed when the cooler air moves in to replace the rising warm air. Warm air is usually less dense
than cool air; therefore, it creates low air pressure. Cool air is more dense and creates high air pressure.

Usually we have fine weather when the air pressure is high and there are clouds, rain and snow
when the air pressure drops,

18. Teks explanation

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and
replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that
can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small
pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva
contains digestive juices which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach.
Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then
the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing,
mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi
(microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.