BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

YEAR: I
PART: II

Compiled by:
Er. Shiva Kafley
 2 COURSE CONTENT

1. Building sciences 7. Temporary Construction

2. Foundations and Basements 8. Cladding and External Finishing
3. Roofs 9. Internal Finishing
4. Staircases 10. Electrical Services

5. Doors and Windows 11. Water Supply and Drainage Services

6. Joints 12. Others Miscellaneous Services in

Building
 CHAPTER : 9
3
INTERNAL FINISHING

1. Non-load bearing partitions: types, functions and methods of connection

to the Surrounding structure.

2. Suspended Ceilings: types, functions and methods of construction.

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INTERNAL FINISHING

Partition walls
➢ Wall or division made of bricks, timber, glass or other materials for
the purpose of dividing one room or portion of room from another.
➢ It is the division of space and has very important role today. This
partition should be cheap, light, purposeful, thin, fire resistance and
easy to construction.
➢ Partitions are internal walls, usually thin in section and of light
construction. This is used to divide building space in to areas for
accommodation and circulation.
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PARTITION WALLS

Advantages of partition
• Divides the whole area into numbers of rooms,
• Thin in section and therefore occupy less floor area,
• Offers privacy for both sight and sound,
• Insulation for sound,
• Light weight and cheaper in construction.
• Easy in construction in any position,
• Enhances efficiency & effectiveness,
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PARTITION WALLS

REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD PARTITION

➢ Should be thin in section to utilize maximum floor area.
➢ Should provide adequate privacy in rooms.
➢ Should use durable, light and strong materials.
➢ Should be simple, easy and economical in construction.
➢ Should be strong enough to carry its own load.
➢ Should resist fire, heat, damp, insect and fungus attack.
➢ Should be rigid enough to take the vibrations caused due to loads.
➢ Should be strong enough to support sanitary fittings and heavy fixtures.
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PARTITION WALLS

TYPES OF PARTITION
1. According to Load Transfer Mechanism:

a. Load Bearing Partition: Designed and constructed to receive superimposed

loads (external loads) and transfer to the foundation.

b. Non-Load Bearing Partitions: Neither receive superimposed loads nor

transmit any structural loads to the structural member below. Has only its own
weight to hold in position.
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PARTITION WALLS

1. Load bearing partitions

➢Designed and constructed to receive superimposed loads and
transferring to the foundation.

➢It supports the joints of the floors (i.e. suspended floor),

purlins and ceiling joist of the roof.

➢This is generally constructed with bricks, hollow/solid blocks.

➢This partition is considered to be permanently positioned.

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PARTITION WALLS

2. Non-Load bearing partitions

➢Non–load bearing partitions neither receive superimposed loads
nor transmit any structural loads to the structural member below.

➢This partition has only its own weight to hold in position.

➢It also carries fixtures and fittings necessary in the room.

➢It is obvious that it must be able to resist impact loading on its

face and also vibration caused from any reason.
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PARTITION WALLS

TYPES OF PARTITION
2. According to Use of Materials:
a. Brick Partition
b. Hollow Blocks and Clay Blocks Partitions
c. Concrete Partitions
d. Glass Partitions
e. Timber Partitions
f. Strawboards Partitions
g. Metal Partitions
h. Asbestos Cement Partitions
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PARTITION WALLS

a. Brick Partition:
• Constructed with plain brick, reinforced brick, bricks-nogging or hollow bricks.
• Brick partition is fire-resistance and sound-proof.
• Widely used in the context of Nepal.

Plain brick partition

Brick nogging partition

Reinforced brick partition
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PARTITION WALLS

b. Hollow Blocks and Clay Blocks Partitions:

• Hollow concrete block partition are built of

individual units of concrete block.

• Clay blocks used are well prepared from clay or

terra-cotta, and they are either solids or hollow.

• The blocks are provided with grooves on top, bottom

and sides, surfaces are kept glazed in different colors.
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PARTITION WALLS

c. Concrete Partitions:
• It can be either precast or cast in situ.

• Special concrete posts are used for the construction of

precast concrete partition walls.
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PARTITION WALLS

d. Glass Partitions:

• Are made from sheet glass or hollow glass blocks.

• Provides good aesthetics and allow light.

• Are damp, sounds, fire and heat proof.

• Easy to clean and maintain.

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PARTITION WALLS

e. Timber Partitions:

• Lighter in weight and easy to construct.

• Neither sound-proof nor fire-proof.

• Not suitable for damp locations.

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PARTITION WALLS

f. Strawboard Partitions:

• Useful where removal of partitions is frequent.

• Made of compressed straw covered thick paper

or hardboard.

• Easy to construct.

• Heat and sound proof.

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PARTITION WALLS

g. Metal Partitions:

• Are light in weight, fireproof and strong.

• Are easy to construct and shift.

• Insulated material is filled into hollow spaces.

• Used for office and industrial buildings.

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PARTITION WALLS

h. Asbestos cement Partitions:

• Light in weight, impervious, durable, water tight and fire-proof.

• Asbestos cement sheets are made of asbestos cement and fixed

into timber framework.

• Sheets are placed in position and joined by cement mortar.

• Mostly adopted in works of temporary characters.

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SUSPENDED CEILINGS

➢A suspended (false) ceiling is the construction below the roof/ slab.

➢It is the false structure (not load bearing) in overhead of the room below the roof.

➢It has a framework suspended (supported) from the main structure, usually in the
roof/slab and covering material is then fixed on the frame.

➢It forms void between the ceiling and the roof/slab.

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SUSPENDED CEILINGS

• This void is used for housing electricity trunk-lines, AC ducts, pipes etc.

• It is frequently made of wooden frames and planks are fixed on it, Metals and other
materials may also be used for the ceiling.

• The ceilings are also covered by rails, and panels in different patterns. Depending on
the purpose, plasterboards, straw-boards, paris-boards etc, are also secured to ceilings.
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SUSPENDED CEILINGS

Uses
• For pleasing appearance,

• Space for housing utilities, pipes, electrical wires etc.

• Sound and heat insulation,

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SUSPENDED CEILINGS

Requirements of suspended ceilings

• Easy to construction,

• Easy to clean, repair and maintenance,

• Provide adequate means of access (enough space) for maintenance of

concealed services therein,

• Light in weight,
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SUSPENDED CEILINGS

False Ceiling for Pitched Roof False Ceiling for Flat Roof
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SUSPENDED CEILINGS

TYPES OF CEILINGS
1. According to use of material
➢ Timber(bamboo, plywood, wooden planks etc) ➢ PVC board
➢ RCC ➢ Straw board
➢ Metal (steel, aluminum) ➢ Glass
➢ Composite ➢ Paper
➢ Gypsum board ➢ Textile, and others
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SUSPENDED CEILINGS

TYPES OF CEILINGS
2. According to construction methods

a. Jointless

b. Jointed

c. Open
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SUSPENDED CEILINGS

a. Jointless ceiling
• It is monolithic in appearance and no joints can be seen on the surface.

• This can be done by applying plaster on the ceiling board/ expanded

metal lathing etc.
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SUSPENDED CEILINGS
b. Jointed ceilings
• Are very commonly used in practice.
• The joints on the ceiling may be made in decorative appearance.
• The frame is made according to the desired shape and sized ceiling boards. Ceiling
materials may be fixed with spring clips or nails/ screws.
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SUSPENDED CEILINGS

c. Open ceiling

• The frame is fixed in such a way that voids are formed to give virtual effect. Voids are largely
provided for decorative purpose. This may be a means for acoustic absorption as well.
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SUSPENDED CEILINGS

PROCEDURE FOR CEILING FIXING

➢Ceiling joists are fixed on desired height from the
floor, if necessary, vertical struts are fixed to set joists.

➢Battens are than fixed on the joists.

➢Ceiling material, such as; planks, plywood, metal

sheets, bhakary etc. is fixed on the battens.

➢Finally, painting and finishing is done.

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Thank You