SOUTHERN LEYTE STATE UNIVERSITY – TOMAS OPPUS CAMPUS

SAN ISIDRO, TOMAS OPPUS, SOUTHERN LEYTE

INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTING
IT 101

FIRST SEMESTER
SY 2020 - 2021

Dorris Rin Saga - Lintao

 COURSE OVERVIEW
This course, introduces students to basic computer concepts in hardware,
software, networking, computer security, programming, database, e-
commerce, decision support systems, and other emerging technologies such
as blogs, podcasting, and Google applications.
Students learn techniques to search, evaluate, validate, and cite information
found online. Widely used applications including word processing,
spreadsheets, databases, presentation, and web development software are
studied.
Below is the info graphics of the course.

LESSON 1
Module 1 Computer System
Introduction of
the Computer &
LESSON 2
Internet
Internet & the
Web

LESSON 1
Hardware

Module 2
LESSON 2
Computer System Software
Components

LESSON 3
Introduction to User
Computing

LESSON 1
Google
Applications
Module 3
Google Services
LESSON 2
Google Docs

LESSON 1
WORD

Module 4 LESSON 2
MS Office Apps EXCEL

LESSON 3
POWERPOINT
MODULE GUIDE

Inside this module are the following:

1. Title Page
Displays the Subject Title and the Subject Code.
2. Course Overview
A short description of the subject together with an info graphic that
shows the flow of the topics.
3. Module Guide
You are here. It describes the organization of the module for your easy
navigation.
4. Module 1 – Introduction
v.i. Lesson 1 – The Computer System
v.ii. Lesson 2 – The Internet
5. Module 2 – The Major Components of a Computer System
vi.i Lesson 1 – The Hardware
vi.ii Lesson 2 – The Software
vi.iii Lesson 3 – The User
6. Module 3 – Google Services
vii.i Lesson 1 – Google Applications
vii.ii Lesson 2 – Google Docs
7. Module 4 – MS Office Applications
viii.i Lesson 1 – Word
viii.ii Lesson 2 – Excel
viii.iii Lesson 3 - PowerPoint
8. Post-test
Answer the Post-test after studying the module to check your progress.
9. References
It includes the various references used in compiling the information in
this module. You can use these references to expand the information
presented in the module.

Note: Online assessment must be done every end of lessons or modules.

 MODULE 1

INTRODUCTION
Computers are showing up everywhere you look, and even in places you can't
see. Computers check out your groceries, pump your gas, dispense money at
the ATM, and turn the heat on and off, control the way your car runs. They're
everywhere! They're everywhere!

In fact, the computer has rapidly become as tightly woven into the fabric of
our lives as the automobile. The analogy runs quite deep.

When automobiles were new, many people said "Those smelly, loud,
complicated things will never replace the horse!" And "Those things break
down in just a few miles, while my faithful horse goes on and on and repairs
itself”.

Nowadays it's hard to imagine the world without all the variety of four-
wheeled, internal combustion vehicles. How many can you name? Sedans,
pickup trucks, fire engines, front-end loaders, 4-wheelers, golf carts,
bulldozers, cranes, vans, dump trucks...

We have an "automobile" for every purpose under heaven - and in different

models and colors, too.

There are different kinds of computers for different purposes. They are just
as varied in size, expense, and ability as our more familiar 4-wheeled vehicles
are.
 LESSON 1

What is a computer?

A computer is an electronic device that executes the instructions in a

program.

A computer has four functions:

Input a. accepts data

Processing b. processes data

Output c. produces output

The Information Processing Cycle
Storage d. stores results

Some Beginning Terms

Hardware Physical parts of the computer.

Software Programs (instructions) that tell the computer what to do

Data Individual facts like first name, price, quantity ordered

Information Data which has been massaged into a useful form, like a
complete mailing address

Default Original settings

What makes a computer powerful?

1. Speed - A computer can do billions of actions per second.
 2. Reliability - Failures are usually due to human error, one way or
another
3. Storage - A computer can keep huge amounts of data.

Computer Types:

Kinds of computers based on general performance levels.

Personal or micro

Computers for personal use come in all shapes and sizes, from tiny smart
phones to PC (personal computer) towers. More specialized models are
announced each week - trip planners, expense account pads, language
translators. To make things even more interesting, categories are blending
together. Phones are getting really, really smart.

Netbook
Smart phone Tablet PC 9-11" screen
2-4.5" screen 7 - 13" screen Compressed keyboard

Laptop/Notebook
14-17" screen Desktop
Full size keyboard Tower 19+" monitor

When talking about personal computers (PCs), most people probably think of
the desktop type, which are designed to sit on your desk. The tower and the
smaller mid- and mini-tower style cases have become popular as people
started needing more room for extra drives inside.

Repairmen certainly appreciate the roominess inside for all the cables and
circuit boards and their knuckles.

A workstation is part of a computer network and generally would be expected

to have more than a regular desktop PC of most everything, like memory,
storage space, and speed.

A variety of laptops/notebooks and similar PCs, like the netbook, that serve
as a middle ground between the bulkier, heavier desktops and the extreme
portability of PPCs, HPCs, and smart phones. A laptop computer is intended
to be portable, with a built-in screen.

A netbook is even lighter, with a smaller screen, less storage, and is missing
features like a built-in DVD drive. Companies keep improving features and
components, like battery life and screen quality, and are producing more
varieties and styles of these smaller computers daily, or so it seems.

The market for the smallest PCs is expanding rapidly. Simplified versions of
your regular software are becoming available for the small types of PC like
the palmtop (PPC) and handheld (HPC) and for smart phones.

You can carry a tiny computer like a Palm Pilot, Blackberry, or a smart phone
around and enter new phone numbers and appointments and those great ideas
you just had. Later you can move this information to your main computer.

More and more of these small devices can connect wirelessly to the Internet.
Using web applications, like Google Docs and Microsoft Office Online, you can
use a browser to view and even edit documents that are stored online, and,
of course, check your email. No local program is required. You just need a
data plan that you can afford.

With a Tablet PC you can view movies, read e-books, play games, or even do
work. On many you can use an electronic stylus to write on the screen, just
like with a pen and paper, only your words are in digital ink. The Tablet PC
saves your work just like you wrote it or you can let the Hand Recognition
(HR) software turn your scratches into regular text.
Main Frame
The main frame is the workhorse of the business world. A
main frame is the heart of a network of computers or
terminals which allows hundreds of people to work at the
same time on the same data. It requires a special environment
- cold and dry. Most main frame computers look like a bunch
of tall cabinets. Not very exciting.

Supercomputers
The first Cray supercomputer was introduced in 1976.

The supercomputer is the top of the heap in power and

expense. These are used for jobs that take massive
amounts of calculating, like weather forecasting,
engineering design and testing, serious decryption,
economic forecasting, etc.

Server
The term server actually refers to a computer's
function rather than to a specific kind of
computer.

A network server handles communication between

computers on the network.

A database server processes queries and updates

for a large database that many computers can access at the same time.

A web server sends out files and web pages over the Internet.

A game server manages an online game so that many people can play together
online.

An email server sends and receives email for many different email accounts.

Some servers, but not all, need to be somewhat more capable than a desktop
computer in some way. For example, a file server needs large storage
capacity. An email server needs a high speed Internet connection. A database
server needs fast processing speed.
Minicomputer

The minicomputer has become less important since the PC has gotten so
powerful on its own. In fact, the ordinary new PC is much more powerful than
minicomputers used to be. Originally this size was developed to handle
specific tasks, like engineering and 3D design CAD calculations, that tended
tie up the main frame.

History of Computers: A Brief Timeline

The computer was born not for entertainment or email but out of a need to
solve a serious number-crunching crisis. By 1880, the U.S. population had
grown so large that it took more than seven years to tabulate the U.S. Census
results.

The government sought a faster way to get the job done, giving rise to punch-
card based computers that took up entire rooms.

Today, we carry more computing power on our smartphones than was

available in these early models. The following brief history of computing is a
timeline of how computers evolved from their humble beginnings to the
machines of today that surf the Internet, play games, and stream multimedia
in addition to crunching numbers.

1801: In France, Joseph Marie Jacquard invents a loom that uses punched
wooden cards to automatically weave fabric designs. Early computers would
use similar punch cards.

1822: English mathematician Charles Babbage conceives of a steam-driven

calculating machine that would be able to compute tables of numbers. The
project, funded by the English government, is a failure. More than a century
later, however, the world's first computer was actually built.

1890: Herman Hollerith designs a punch card system to calculate the 1880
census, accomplishing the task in just three years and saving the government
$5 million. He establishes a company that would ultimately become IBM.
1936: Alan Turing presents the notion of a universal machine, later called the
Turing machine, capable of computing anything that is computable. The
central concept of the modern computer was based on his ideas.

1937: J.V. Atanasoff, a professor of physics and mathematics at Iowa State

University, attempts to build the first computer without gears, cams, belts or
shafts.

1939: Hewlett-Packard is founded by David Packard and Bill Hewlett in a Palo

Alto, California, garage, according to the Computer History Museum.

1941: Atanasoff and his graduate student, Clifford Berry, design a computer
that can solve 29 equations simultaneously. This marks the first time a
computer is able to store information on its main memory.

1943-1944: Two University of Pennsylvania professors, John Mauchly and J.

Presper Eckert, build the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
(ENIAC). Considered the grandfather of digital computers, it fills a 20-foot by
40-foot room and has 18,000 vacuum tubes.

1946: Mauchly and Presper leave the University of Pennsylvania and receive
funding from the Census Bureau to build the UNIVAC, the first commercial
computer for business and government applications.

1947: William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories
invent the transistor. They discovered how to make an electric switch with
solid materials and no need for a vacuum.

1953: Grace Hopper develops the first computer language, which eventually
becomes known as COBOL. Thomas Johnson Watson Jr., son of IBM CEO
Thomas Johnson Watson Sr., conceives the IBM 701 EDPM to help the United
Nations keep tabs on Korea during the war.

1954: The FORTRAN programming language, an acronym for FORmula

TRANslation, is developed by a team of programmers at IBM led by John
Backus, according to the University of Michigan.

1958: Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce unveil the integrated circuit, known as
the computer chip. Kilby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 for
his work.
1964: Douglas Engelbart shows a prototype of the modern computer, with a
mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI). This marks the evolution of the
computer from a specialized machine for scientists and mathematicians to
technology that is more accessible to the general public.

1969: A group of developers at Bell Labs produce UNIX, an operating system

that addressed compatibility issues. Written in the C programming language,
UNIX was portable across multiple platforms and became the operating system
of choice among mainframes at large companies and government entities. Due
to the slow nature of the system, it never quite gained traction among home
PC users.

1970: The newly formed Intel unveils the Intel 1103, the first Dynamic Access
Memory (DRAM) chip.

1971: Alan Shugart leads a team of IBM engineers who invent the "floppy disk,"
allowing data to be shared among computers.
1973: Robert Metcalfe, a member of the research staff for Xerox, develops
Ethernet for connecting multiple computers and other hardware.

1974-1977: A number of personal computers hit the market, including Scelbi

& Mark-8 Altair, IBM 5100, Radio Shack's TRS-80 — affectionately known as the
"Trash 80" — and the Commodore PET.

1975: The January issue of Popular Electronics magazine features the Altair
8080, described as the "world's first minicomputer kit to rival commercial
models." Two "computer geeks," Paul Allen and Bill Gates, offer to write
software for the Altair, using the new BASIC language. On April 4, after the
success of this first endeavor, the two childhood friends form their own
software company, Microsoft.

1976: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple Computers on April Fool's Day
and roll out the Apple I, the first computer with a single-circuit board,
according to Stanford University.
1977: Radio Shack's initial production run
of the TRS-80 was just 3,000. It sold like
crazy. For the first time, non-geeks could
write programs and make a computer do
what they wished.

1977: Jobs and Wozniak incorporate Apple

and show the Apple II at the first West
Coast Computer Faire. It offers color The TRS-80, introduced in 1977, was one
graphics and incorporates an audio of the first machines whose documentation
was intended for non-geeks (Image credit:
cassette drive for storage. Radioshack)

1979: Word processing becomes a reality as MicroPro International releases

WordStar. "The defining change was to add margins and word wrap," said
creator Rob Barnaby in email to Mike Petrie in 2000. "Additional changes
included getting rid of command mode and adding a print function. I was the
technical brains — I figured out how to do it, and did it, and documented it. "

1981: The first IBM personal computer,

code-named "Acorn," is introduced. It
uses Microsoft's MS-DOS operating
system. It has an Intel chip, two floppy
disks and an optional color monitor.
Sears & Roebuck and Computer land sell
the machines, marking the first time a
computer is available through outside
distributors. It also popularizes the term
PC. The first IBM personal computer, introduced
on Aug. 12, 1981, used the MS-DOS operating
system. (Image credit: IBM)

1983: Apple's Lisa is the first personal computer with a GUI. It also features a
drop-down menu and icons. It flops but eventually evolves into the Macintosh.
The Gavilan SC is the first portable computer with the familiar flip form factor
and the first to be marketed as a "laptop."

NOTE: (Visit: https://www.livescience.com/20718-computer-

history.htm for the complete timeline of the computer.)
 LESSON 2

What is Internet?

The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic

devices. With the Internet, it's possible to access almost any information,
communicate with anyone else in the world, and do much more.

You can do all of this by connecting a computer to the Internet, which is also
called going online. When someone says a computer is online, it's just another
way of saying it's connected to the Internet.

What is the Web?

The World Wide Web—usually called the Web for short—is a collection of
different websites you can access through the Internet. A website is made up
of related text, images, and other resources. Websites can resemble other
forms of media—like newspaper articles or television programs—or they can
be interactive in a way that's unique to computers.

The purpose of a website can be almost anything: a news platform, an

advertisement, an online library, a forum for sharing images, or an
educational site.
Once you are connected to the Internet, you
can access and view websites using a type of
application called a web browser. Just keep
in mind that the web browser itself is not the
Internet; it only displays websites that are
stored on the Internet.

TIMELINE OF THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB

1960S

The internet as we know it doesn’t exist until much later, but internet history
starts in the 1960s.
1962, MIT computer scientist J.C.R. Licklider comes up with the idea for a
global computer network. He later shares his idea with colleagues at the U.S.
Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). Work by
Leonard Kleinrock, Thomas Merrill and Lawrence G. Roberts on packet-
switching theory pioneers the way to the world’s first wide-area computer
network.
1969, Roberts later goes on to publish a plan for the ARPANET, an ARPA-
funded computer network that becomes a reality. Over the following years,
the ARPANET grows.

1970S
In 1973, Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf collaborate to develop a protocol for
linking multiple networks together. This later becomes the Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), a technology that links multiple
networks together such that, if one network is brought down, the others do
not collapse.

While working at Xerox, Robert Metcalfe develops a system using cables that
allows for transfer of more data over a network. He names this system Alto
Aloha, but it later becomes known as Ethernet.

Over the next few years, Ted Nelson proposes using hypertext to organize
network information, and Unix becomes popular for TCP/IP networks.

Tom Truscott and Steve Bellovin develop a Unix-based system for transferring
data over phone lines via a dial-up connection. This system becomes USENET.

1980S

Dave Farber of the University of Delaware reveals a project to build an

inexpensive network using dial-up phone lines.
1981, Metcalfe’s company 3Com announces Ethernet products for both
computer workstations and personal computers; this allows for the
establishment of local area networks (LANs). Paul Mockapetris, Jon Postel and
Craig Partridge create the Domain Name system, which uses domain names to
manage the increasing number of users on the internet.
1982, the PhoneNet system is established and is connected to ARPANET and
the first commercial network, Telenet. This broadens access to the internet
and allows for email communication between multiple nations of the world.
1985, the first domain is registered: symbolics.com, a domain belonging to a
computer manufacturer.

1990S
1990, ARPANET is decommissioned. Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues at
CERN develop hypertext markup language (HTML) and the uniform resource
locator (URL), giving birth to the first incarnation of the World Wide Web.
A watershed year for the internet comes in 1995: Microsoft launches Windows
95; Amazon, Yahoo and eBay all launch; Internet Explorer launches; and Java
is created, allowing for animation on websites and creating a new flurry of
internet activity.
1996, Congress passes the Communications Decency Act in an effort to combat
the growing amount of objectionable material on the internet. John Perry
Barlow responds with an essay, A Declaration of the Independence of
Cyberspace.
Google is founded in 1998.
1999, the music and video piracy controversy intensifies with the launch of
Napster.
The first internet virus capable of copying and sending itself to a user’s
address book is discovered in 1999.

2000
2000 sees the rise and burst of the dotcom bubble. While myriad internet-
based businesses become present in everyday life, the Dow Jones industrial
average also sees its biggest one-day drop in history up to that point.
By 2001, most publicly traded dotcom companies are gone. It’s not all bad
news, though; the 2000s see Google’s meteoric rise to domination of the
search engine market. This decade also sees the rise and proliferation of Wi-
Fi — wireless internet communication — as well as mobile internet devices
like smartphones and in 2005, the first-ever internet cat video.

How does the Internet work?

At this point you may be wondering, how does the Internet work? It's
important to realize that the Internet is a global network of physical cables,
which can include copper telephone wires, TV cables, and fiber optic cables.
Even wireless connections like Wi-Fi and 3G/4G rely on these physical cables
to access the Internet.

When you visit a website, your computer sends a request over these wires to
a server. A server is where websites are stored, and it works a lot like your
computer's hard drive. Once the request arrives, the server retrieves the
website and sends the correct data back to your computer. What's amazing is
that this all happens in just a few seconds.

Things you can do on the Internet

One of the best features of the Internet is the ability to communicate almost
instantly with anyone in the world. Email is one of the oldest and most
universal ways to communicate and share information on the Internet, and
billions of people use it. Social media allows people to connect in a variety
of ways and build communities online.

There are thousands of ways to keep up with news or shop for

anything online. You can pay your bills, manage your bank accounts, meet
new people, watch TV, or learn new skills. You can learn or do almost
anything online.
What is the cloud?

The cloud is the Internet—more specifically, it's all of the things you
can access remotely over the Internet. When something is in the cloud, it
means it's stored on Internet servers instead of your computer's hard drive.

Why use the cloud?

Some of the main reasons to use the cloud are convenience and reliability.
For example, if you've ever used a web-based email service, such
as Gmail or Yahoo! Mail, you've already used the cloud. All of the emails in a
web-based service are stored on servers rather than on your computer's hard
drive.

This means you can access your email from any computer with an Internet
connection. It also means you'll be able to recover your emails if something
happens to your computer.

Some of the most common reasons to use the cloud.

File storage: You can store all types of information in the cloud,
including files and email. This means you can access these things
from any computer or mobile device with an Internet connection, not
just your home computer. Dropbox and Google Drive are some of the
most popular cloud-based storage services.
File sharing: The cloud makes it easy to share files with several people
at the same time. For example, you could upload several photos to a
cloud-based photo service like Flickr or iCloud Photos, then quickly
share them with friends and family.

Backing up data: You can also use the cloud to protect your files. Apps
like Mozy and Carbonite automatically back up your data to the cloud.
This way, if your computer ever is lost, stolen, or damaged, you'll still
be able to recover these files from the cloud.

ACTIVITY: Your History of Computing

1. How have you seen technology transform in your own life? What was the
oldest computer or device you remember using? How does this compare to
the machines you use today? What was your favorite piece of tech that is
no longer popular or in common use? What are some modern benefits
you’re grateful for? Create your own “history of computing”.
 MODULE 2

COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

Computer System is a collection of entities (hardware, software and user) that

are designed to receive, process, manage and present information in a
meaningful format.

Hardware - Are physical parts/ intangible parts of a computer. eg Input

devices, output devices, central processing unit and storage devices
Software - also known as programs or applications. They are classified into
two classes namely - system software and application software
User - is the computer user. The user commands the computer system to
execute on instructions.

The image illustrates the major components of a computer system

While the hardware and the software components co-exist to make up the
actual computer, the user component adds in the human face to bring the
complete computer into a functional and productive existence.

When installed separately, each may be useful to an extent but incapable of

achieving complete computing potential. Hardware and software need the
human factor in order to make input and connectivity possible.
 LESSON 1

COMPUTER HARDWARE

These are computer system components that can be touched by the human
hand.

Hardware Categories:
1. Input Device
2. Central Processing Unit
3. Output Device
4. Storage Device

While there are other components as well, these are the primarily responsible
for making a computer function. They must work in complete synergy because
that will ensure smooth overall functioning. Hence, we can even call them
building blocks of a computer system.

A typical installation of computer hardware component

Input Devices

These components help users enter data and commands into

a computer system. Data can be in the form of numbers, words, actions,
commands, etc.
The main function of input devices is to direct commands and data into
computers. Computers then use their CPU to process this data and produce
output.

Common Input Devices:

Keyboard is an input unit that enters numbers and characters.
Mouse is an input unit for entering directions and commands.
Digital Camera/Video Camera is an input unit for capturing images and
videos
Microphone is an input unit used to capture sounds.
Scanners convert printed data or images into an electronic data format
that a computer can process as required.

Other input devices:

Barcode readers
Magnetic Ink Character Readers (MICR)
Optical Character Readers (OCR)
Touch-screens
Touch pad
Game pad
Joystick

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

After receiving data and commands from users, a computer system now has to
process it according to the instructions provided. Here, it has to rely on a
component called the central processing unit. The CPU further uses these three
elements:

a) Memory Unit

Once a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores this
data in its memory unit. This data will now remain here until other components
of CPU process it. The memory unit uses a set of pre-programmed instructions
to further transmit this data to other parts of the CPU.

b) Arithmetic and Logic Unit

This part of the CPU performs arithmetic operations. It does basic mathematical
calculations like addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, etc. Further, it
can even perform logical functions like the comparison of data.

c) Control Unit

This unit is the backbone of computers. It is responsible for coordinating tasks

between all components of a computer system. The control unit collects data
from input units and sends it to processing units depending on its
nature. Finally, it also further transmits processed data to output units for
users.

Output Devices

The third component of a hardware is the output unit. After processing of data,
it is converted into a format which humans can understand. After conversion,
the output units displays this data to users.

Examples of output devices:

Monitors Speakers
Screens
Printers
Thus, output units basically reproduce the data formatted by the computer
for users’ benefit.

Storage Devices

Storage devices are the computer hardware used to remember or store

data.

There are many types of storage devices, each with their own
benefits and drawbacks.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Hard disk drives are non-volatile magnetic

storage devices capable of remembering vast
amounts of data.

An electromagnet in the read/write head

charges the disk’s surface with either a positive
or negative charge, this is how binary 1 or 0 is
represented.

The read/write head is then capable of

detecting the magnetic charges left on the
disk’s surface, this is how data is read.

The disk surface is divided into concentric circles (tracks) and sectors
(wedges). Dividing the surface in this way provides physical addresses
to remember where data is saved.

A circuit board carefully co-ordinates the rotating disk and

swinging actuator arm to allow the read/write head to access any location
very quickly.

Typical HDD capacities are measured in Terabytes (TB).

They can be installed inside a computer or purchased in a portable

(external) format.
Typical applications for hard disk drives

 Desktop computers
 Laptop computers
 TV and satellite recorders
 Servers and mainframes
 Portable (external) drives are sometimes used to backup home
computers or transfer large files

Benefits of hard disk drives

 Capable of holding vast amounts of data at affordable prices

 Fast read and write speeds
 Reliable technology
 Relatively small in size

Drawbacks of hard disk drives

 Due to the nature of its moving parts, they will eventually wear and
break
 Although very fast, waiting for the moving parts means it will never
perform as fast as solid state drives
 More fragile and less robust than a solid state drive
 Higher power consumption than a SSD
 Some noise is created by the moving parts

Solid State Drive (SSD)

Solid state drives are non-volatile storage

devices capable of holding large amounts
of data.

They use NAND flash memories (millions of

transistors wired in a series on a circuit
board), giving them the advantage of
having no mechanical moving parts and
therefore immediate access to the data.

Solid state drives perform faster than traditional hard disk drives, however
they are significantly more expensive.

This expense means that typical capacities are usually measured in

Gigabytes (GB).

They can be installed inside a computer or purchased in a portable

(external) format. Until we reach a point where large capacity SSDs are
affordable, a compromise is to run two disk drives inside a computer.

An SSD as the primary drive for your important programs and operating
system, and a traditional HDD to store music, documents and pictures
(which don’t need the faster access times).

The lack of moving parts in an SSD makes it very robust and reliable, ideal
for a portable device.

Typical applications for solid state drives

 Smartphones
 Tablet computers
 High-end laptops
 Two drive desktop solutions
 Portable drives are sometimes used in HD video cameras

Benefits of solid state drives

 Extremely fast read/write speeds

 Small in physical size and very light, ideal for portable devices
 No moving parts to wear, fail or get damaged – ideal for making
portable computers and devices more reliable and durable
 Uses less power than a HDD, increasing battery life time
 Very quiet
 Generates less heat

Drawbacks of solid state drives

 Expensive to buy (per GB)

 Limited in capacity due to the expense
 Limited amount of writes

Random Access Memory (RAM)

 RAM is a computer’s primary
memory. It is a very fast solid state
storage medium that is directly
accessible by the CPU.

Any open programs or files on a computer

are temporarily stored in RAM whilst
being used.

Being volatile, any data stored in RAM will be lost when power is
removed. This makes RAM totally unsuitable for the long term permanent
storage of data – that is the role of a HDD or SSD instead.

Data is copied from secondary storage (HDD, SSD) to RAM as and when it is
needed. This is because using a HDD as the primary memory would cause
a computer to perform much slower (a HDD or SSD is not directly accessible
to the CPU, and isn’t as fast as RAM).

RAM is a relatively expensive storage device and typical capacities are

measured in Gigabytes (GB).

Computers operating with a capacity of RAM above the recommended

minimum will benefit from better performance and multitasking.

There are two types of RAM (SRAM and DRAM), each with their own
advantages and disadvantages.

Typical applications of RAM

 The fast and directly accessible temporary (working) memory needed

by a computer

Benefits of RAM

 Directly accessible to the CPU, making processing data faster

 Fast solid state storage, making processing data faster

Drawbacks of RAM
  Relatively expensive memory
 Volatile – any data stored in RAM is lost when power is removed

Static RAM (SRAM)

Data on SRAM does not require refreshing.

However, the technology is bulkier meaning less memory per chip.

 More expensive than DRAM
 Much faster than DRAM
 Consumes less power
 Commonly used in cache memory

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

The most common type of RAM in use.

The data needs to be continually refreshed otherwise it fades away.
Continually refreshing the data takes time and reduces performance
speeds.
 Cheaper than SRAM
 Commonly used in main memory

CD, DVD and Blu-Ray Discs

CD, DVD and Blu-Ray drives are optical

storage devices.

Binary data is stored as changes to the

texture of the disc’s surface, sometimes
thought of as microscopic pits and bumps.

These ‘bumps’ are located on a

continuous spiral track, starting at the centre of the disc.

Whilst the disc is rotating at a constant speed, a laser is pointed at the

spiral track of ‘bumps’.
The laser will reflect/bounce off the disc surface in different directions
depending upon whether a 1 or 0 has been read.

Disc capacities

In the pursuit of larger optical storage capacities, DVDs were created,

followed by Blu-Ray.

CD DVD Blu-Ray
700 MB 4.7 GB 25 GB – 128 GB

Typical applications for optical media

 CD – Audio and small amounts of data

 DVD – Standard definition movies and data
 Blu-Ray – HD video and large amounts of data

DVD

Despite being the same physical size, a DVD can hold more data than a CD.
To achieve this, a more tightly packed spiral track is used to store the data
on the disc.

To accurately access the smaller ‘bumps’, a finer red laser is used in a

DVD drive than that found in a standard CD drive.

To increase capacity further, DVDs are also capable of dual layering.

Blu-Ray

Blu-Ray technology squashes even more data into the same size disc as a
CD or DVD.
The spiral data tracks on a Blu-Ray disc are so small a special blue (violet)
laser has to be used to read the ‘bumps’.
Like a DVD, Blu-Ray discs are capable of storing data on multiple layers.
Recordable Optical Media

CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, Blu-Ray-ROM

Read only – the data is permanently written to the disc at the point of
manufacture.

CD-R, DVD-R, BD-R

Recordable – blank discs that can be burnt (written to) once.

CD-RW, DVD-RW, BD-RE

Re-writable – blank discs that can be burnt (written to) over and over again
(can be erased and reused many times).

DVD-RAM

DVD-RAM is an optical media storage

device.

It differs from a traditional DVD in that

data is stored in concentric tracks (like a
HDD) which allows read and write
operations to be carried out at the same
time.

This means, for example, that when used in a personal video recorder you
can record one television programme whilst watching a recording of
another. This allows handy features such as ‘time slip’ to be possible.

When used within a CCTV system you could review footage whilst still
recording your cameras.

The capacity of DVD-RAM is 4.7 GB, or 9.4 GB for double-sided discs.

Typical applications for DVD-RAM

 Personal and digital video recorders

 High-end CCTV
Benefits of DVD-RAM

 Read and write at the same time

 Can be rewritten to many more times than a traditional DVD-RW
 Has write-protect tabs to prevent accidental deletion when used in
an optional cartridge
 Data is retained for an estimated 30 years. This long life is great
for archiving data
 Reliable writing of discs because the verification done by the
hardware, not by software

Drawbacks of DVD-RAM

 Disc speeds higher than 5x are less common

 Less compatibility than DVD-RW

ROM

ROM is a non-volatile memory

chip whose contents cannot be altered.

It is often used to store the start up

routines in a computer (e.g. the BIOS).

Typical applications for ROM

 Storing the computer’s start up routine

USB Flash Memory

Flash are non-volatile solid

state storage devices which use NAND
flash memories to store data (millions of
transistors).

USB refers to the USB connection that

allows users to plug the device into the
USB port of a computer.
Other types of flash storage include the memory cards used in digital
cameras.

Flash memory comes in a variety of capacities to suit most budgets and

requirements.

Typical applications for flash memory

 USB memory sticks – saving and transferring documents etc

 Memory cards in digital cameras

Benefits of flash memory

 Portable, small and lightweight

 Durability, flash has no moving parts to damage
 Range of capacities available
 Fast speeds, with no moving parts of boot up time

Drawbacks of flash memory

 Limited (but huge) number of write cycles possible

 Really high capacities are uncommon
 In relative terms, an expensive storage option compared to a HDD
 LESSON 2

Software

Sometimes abbreviated as SW and S/W, software is a collection

of instructions that enable the user to interact with a computer, its
hardware, or perform tasks. Without software, computers would be
useless.

For example, without your Internet browser software, you could not surf
the Internet or read this page. Without an operating system, the browser
could not run on your computer. The picture shows a Microsoft Excel box,
an example of a spreadsheet software program.

Types of Computer Software

1. System Software

Operating systems utility programs

The system software is a type of computer software that is designed
for running the computer hardware parts and the application
programs. It is the platform provided to the computer system where
other computer programs can execute. The system software act as a
 middle layer between the user applications and hardware. The
operating system is the type of system software. The operating
system is used to manage all other programs installed on the
computer.

The other purpose of system software is to translate inputs received

from other sources and convert them into language so that the
machine can understand. The BIOS (basic input/output system) is
another type of system software that works when the computer
system starts and is used to manage the data between the hardware
devices (video adapter, mouse, keyboard and printer) and the
operating system. The system software provides the functionality for
the user to use the hardware directly using the device drivers
program.

The boot is the system software program that loads the operating
system in the main memory of the computer or can load in random
access memory (RAM). The other example of system software is
assembler which has a functionality to take computer instructions as
input and then convert it into bits so that the processor can read that
bit and perform computer operations.

The other example of system software is a device driver which is used

to control some specific device which is connected to computer
systems like mouse or keyboard. The device driver software is used
to convert input/ output instructions of OS to messages so that the
device can read and understand. The system software can be run in
the background or can be executed directly by the user.

System Software: Functions

All operating systems must handle the same

basic tasks. These functions can be divided
into three groups:
Allocating System Resources

The operating system directs the traffic inside the computer, deciding
what resources will be used and for how long.

Time Time in the CPU is divided into time

slices which are measured in
milliseconds. Each task the CPU
does is assigned a certain number of
time slices. When time expires,
another task gets a turn. The first task must wait until it has
another turn. Since time slices are so small, you usually can't
tell that any sharing is going on. Tasks can be assigned
priorities so that high priority (foreground) tasks get more
time slices than low priority (background) tasks.

Memory Memory must be managed also by the

operating system. All those rotating
turns of CPU use leave data waiting
around in buffers. Care must be
taken not to lose data!! One way to
help out the traffic jam is to
use virtual memory. This includes disk space as part of main
memory. While it is slower to put data on a hard disk, it
increases the amount of data that can be held in memory at
one time. When the memory chips get full, some of the data
is paged out to the hard disk. This is called swapping. Windows
uses a swap file for this purpose.

Input Flow control is also part of the operating

and system's responsibilities. The operating
output system must manage all requests to read
data from disks or tape and all writes to
these and to printers.
 When you click the mouse while the web cam is streaming, the
operating system must control what happens and when.

To speed up the output to printers, operating systems now

allow for print spooling, where the data to be printed is first
put in a file. This frees up the processor for other work in
between the times data is going to the printer. A printer can
only handle so much data at a time. Without print spooling
you'd have to wait for a print job to finish before you can do
anything else. With it you can request several print jobs and
go on working. The print spool will hold all the orders and
process them in turn.

Monitoring System Activities

System A user or administrator can check to

performance see whether the computer or
network is getting overloaded.
Changes could be made to the way
tasks are allocated or maybe a
shopping trip is in order!

System performance would include response time ( how

long it takes for the computer to respond when data is
entered) and CPU utilization (comparing the time the
CPU is working to the time it is idle.)

System Some system security is part of the

security operating system, though additional
software can add more security functions.
For multiple users who are not all allowed
access to everything, there must be
a logon or login procedure where the user
supplies a user name or ID and a
secret password. An administrator must set up the
 permissions list of who can have access to what programs
and what data.

File and Disk Management

Keeping track of what files are where is a major job. If

you can't find a file, it doesn't help to know that it is safe
and secure somewhere. So an operating system comes
with basic file management commands. A user needs to
be able to create directories for storing files. (Dumping
everything in one pile soon becomes the needle-in-the-
haystack story.) A user needs to copy, move, delete, and rename files. This
is the category of operating system functions that the user actually sees
the most.

A more technical task is that of disk management. Under some operating

systems your hard disk can be divided up, or partitioned into
several virtual disks. The operating system treats each virtual disk as
though it were a physically separate disk. Managing several physical and/or
virtual disks can get pretty complex, especially if some of the disks are set
up with different operating systems. (Some folks are never satisfied with
just one of anything!)

System Software: Utilities

A utility program performs tasks related to the maintaining of your

computer's health - hardware and data. Some are included with the
operating system. But someone always thinks they have a better version
for you to buy. And they are frequently right!
File Management programs make it easier to manage
your files and folders. Windows currently includes many
features that were first used in add-on file management
programs.

In the high days of DOS it was easy to improve on the text-

only type-it-all-yourself methods that DOS provided. Many programs were
written to help the user find files, create and organize directories, copy,
move, and rename files. Some even used the mouse to point and click to
accomplish these tasks. You don't appreciate the vastness of the
improvement until you've tried to do these things by typing the commands.
The newer graphical interfaces that come with current operating systems
have removed the need for alternate file management programs for the
average computer user.

Disk Management programs involve formatting,

partitioning, and defragmenting disks.

Formatting means preparing a disk for use by setting

up the file system.

Partitioning is dividing the space on a disk into two or

more 'virtual' drives. This is necessary if the drive had more space than
the operating system can manage. It can be useful in other situations
also.

Defragmenting means putting files on the disk so that the whole file is in
sequence instead of being scattered around in different areas. This reduces
the time to access the file. Some disk management programs even let you
specify that certain files that are accessed often, like the operating system
itself and frequently used programs, are at the front of the disk. Anything
that speeds things up will have customers.

Memory Management software handles where programs put

their current data in RAM. They move certain items around or
even out of RAM memory onto the hard disk. This can
effectively increase the memory available by getting all the unused
pieces together in one spot, making a usable amount.

A backup program, which also restores the backed up data,

is a must if you have any data at all that you want
to keep around for a while. The software may
compress the data to take up the least space (Recall
the problem with slack space we found in the
discussion of Storage: Disk Format).

Your backup files can be on a hard disk, SSD disk, flash disk, optical disc,
or stored in the "cloud" (a remote server that you access over the Internet).
Some online services will automatically synchronize files and even allow
access to the online copy from a different computer or a smart phone.

Tip: For important, hard-to-replace data, keep multiple copies on different

kinds of media. Be sure that your backup is not stored in the same physical
location as the computer! A fire or theft could get both.

Data Recovery programs are for those who just said "Whoops!" They
attempt to recover deleted or damaged (corrupted) files. Use
immediately or forget about it!

Data Compression programs squeeze out the slack space generated by

the formatting schemes, as discussed under Storage: Disk Format.

Security Software

This category includes a number of different kinds of programs, all of which

are trying to protect your computer and your data from attacks and damage
and from being controlled without your permission. No one program can
protect against all of the bad guys out there. Using a set of overlapping
programs is the best way to keep your computer and its data safe. But using
too many at once creates its own problems.
Malware is what we call the whole category of things that try to do bad
things to your computer or your data.

Malware: What you need protection from

Viruses copy themselves to other disks to spread to other

computers. They can be merely annoying or they can be vastly
destructive to your files.
Trojans hide inside something else to sneak in unwanted
programs. You don't know that they are there, like the famous
Trojan horse. These are often used to capture your logins and
passwords.
Worms are unwanted programs that are transferred over
network or Internet connections to spread themselves quickly.
Spyware programs lurk on your computer to steal important
information, like your passwords and logins and other personal
identification information and then send it off to someone else.
Zombie programs take control of your computer and use it and
its Internet connection to attack other computers or networks
or to perform other criminal activities.
Phishing (pronounced like the word 'fishing') is a message that
tries to trick you into providing information like your social
security number or bank account information or logon and
password for a web site. The message may claim that if you do
not click on the link in the message and log onto a financial
web site that your account will be blocked, or some other
disaster. The web page they send you to is not the real site,
even though it may look like it.
Spam is email that you did not request and do not want. One
person's spam is another's useful newsletter or sale ad. Spam is
a common way to spread viruses, trojans, and the like.
Browser hijacking occurs when one of the nasties takes control
of your browser, sending you to sites that you did not mean to
go to. This may be a porn site or it may look like a real banking,
sales, or credit card site. The purpose is to steal your personal
and financial information or to run up the number of page views
for ads on the page so that the advertisers will pay them more
money.
Programs that add protection:

Anti-virus programs monitor the computer for the activity of viruses and
similar nasties.

Anti-spyware programs similarly monitor your computer, looking for

known trouble-makers as well as suspicious behavior.

Anti-spam software tries to identify useless or dangerous messages for

you.

A firewall blocks attempts to access your files over a network or internet

connection. Your network router or modem or both may have a hardware
firewall built into it. That will block incoming attacks. But you still need
a software firewall on your computer to block outgoing attacks. Your
computer can become infected through shared disks or even from another
computer on the network. So you need to monitor what your computer is
putting out over the network or internet also.

2. Application Software
 The other category of software is application software that is
designed for the users to perform some specific tasks like writing a
letter, listening to music or seeing any video. For all these
requirements there required a specific software for each type and
that specific software that is designed for some specific purpose is
known as application software. The operating software runs the
application software in the computer system.
 The difference between system software and application software is
the difference in the user interface. In system software, there is no
user interface present whereas in application software the user
interface is present for each software so that users can easily use the
software. The user cannot see the system software like an operating
system and cannot work in system software but in an application,
software users can see the application software using a graphical user
interface and can also work in the application software. The user also
has an option to create its user-written software and use the
software for its personal use.
 The templates are present which can be used by the user to create
user-written programs. The application software can be bundled
 together and that bundle is known as an application suite. An
example of an application suite is Microsoft Office. The word
processor software is designed by combining various small program
to make one single program which can be used for writing text,
creating a spreadsheet or creating presentations. The other type of
application software is Mozilla Firefox, internet explorer. These kinds
of application software can be used for searching any article, text on
the web and interact with the outside world.

Functions of Application Software

Application software programs are created to facilitate a variety of

functions, including but not
limited to:

 managing information
 manipulating data
 constructing visuals
 coordinating resources
 calculating figures

Examples of Application Software

The most common application software programs are used by millions every
day and include:

 Microsoft suite of products

(Office, Excel, Word,
PowerPoint, Outlook, etc.)
 Internet browsers like
Firefox, Safari, and Chrome
 Mobile pieces of software
such as Pandora (for music
appreciation), Skype (for
 real-time online communication), and Slack (for team
collaboration)

Business Application Software

Business application software is a subset of the application software. These

programs are built to facilitate certain business functions, improving the
accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness of operations. Business application
software programs achieve measurable objectives such as saving work time
and enhancing productivity. Below are some popular examples of business
applications that are commonly used by organizations:

Enterprise Resource Planning

A type of business software used by companies – usually via

a bundle of integrated applications – to solicit, review,
store, manipulate, and analyze data derived from a variety
of business operations.

Customer Relationship Management

Used by companies – usually via a bundle of integrated

applications – to solicit, review, store, and analyze
customer data, and also to manage customer interaction
and facilitate the sales process and relevant partner
relationships.

Database
 An electronic arsenal of data that a user builds in order
to later access, review, and update particular pieces of
information in a rapid and coherent manner.

Project Management Software

A type of business software designed to plan and

execute projects, and to manage the resources
associated with those projects. PM software assists users
with functions such as scheduling, assigning tasks,
managing budgets and costs, documenting progress, and
reporting results.

Business Process Management

Designed to facilitate rapid development and

automation of strategic processes. Uses web-based
modeling, rule creation, and a simple interface to
enable the user to perform business functions more
quickly. Usually optimized for mobile devices and
offering total visibility into operations, BPM software is helpful in managing
and analyzing complex data, content, and processes across the enterprise.

Productivity Software

Helps users do their jobs more efficiently and

complete work-related tasks in a timely manner.
Categories include document creation, database
management, accounting and collaboration.
Applications that an organization uses for overall
productivity are sometimes referred to together as a software or
application stack.

Resource Management Software

A type of business software that facilitates the

management of multiple projects and resources and
ensures that everything is allocated effectively in real
time.

Time Management Software

A type of business software that tracks how an

individual’s digital systems are used, including how
long the user spends working in certain applications.

Educational Software

A type of software that facilitates the teaching and

learning of new content, concepts, or processes.

Popular Application Software Add-Ons

 Word Processor - a piece of
application software that allows the
user to create, edit, format, and
print written documents
Scheduling Software - a type of
business software that helps an
organization allocate resources,
assign shifts, and understand exactly
who is working and what individuals
are paid for that work
Spreadsheet - a computer-based document that displays data in a
grid format and allows the user to enter and manipulate data, and
to perform accounting functions

3. Programming Languages
The programming language is the third category of computer
software which is used by the programmers to write their
programs, scripts, and instructions which can be executed by a
computer. The other name of the programming language is a
computer language that can be used to create some common
standards. The programming language can be considered as a
brick which can be used to construct computer programs and
operating system. The examples of programming languages
are JAVA, C, C++, and other languages.
There is always some similarity between the programming
languages the only difference is the syntax of programming
language which makes them different. The programmer uses the
syntax and rules of programming language to write their
programs. Once the source code is written by a programmer in the
IDE (Integrated Development Environment) the programmer then
compiles that code in machine language which can be understood
by the computer. The use of programming language is in
developing websites, applications, and many other programs.
The programming language can be broadly divided into two major
elements syntax and semantics. The programming language
follows some sequence of operations so that the desired output
can be achieved. The programming language is also known as high-
level language as the programs written by a programmer are easy
to read and easy to understand. The JAVA, C, C++ programming
languages are considered as high-level language. The other
category of a programming language is a low-level language.
The low level of language includes machine language and
assembly language. The assembly language contains a list of
instructions that are not easy to read and understand. The
machine language contains binary codes that can be read by CPU
directly and not present in a human-readable form. The low level
of language can be directly understood by computer hardware.
 LESSON 3

Computer User

Computer user or user also known as end user is the person that a software
program or hardware device is designed for. The term is based on the idea
that the "end goal" of a software or hardware product is to be useful to the
consumer. The end user can be contrasted with the developers or
programmers of the product. End users are also in a separate group from
the installers or administrators of the product.
To simplify, the end user is the person who uses the software or hardware
after it has been fully developed, marketed, and installed. It is also the
person who keeps calling the "IT guy" with questions about why the product
isn't working correctly. Generally, the terms "user" and "end user" mean the
same thing.
There are many types of computer users. Some types are categorize based
on the purpose, some are based on the way they think the computer and
some are based on the level.

TYPES OF COMPUTER USERS

The Three Types of Computer User Based on the way they think about
computers:

1. Application-oriented
The vast majority of computer users.
They have training and experience exclusively with commercial
software.
They understand concepts peculiar to computers such as files,
folders, saving, and deleting.
They live in a WYSIWYG (What you see is what you get) world;
although they may be aware that what they see on the screen
is not an entirely accurate representation of what the
computer is actually doing, they are not interested in
understanding hidden implementations.
They have learned how to map their thinking onto the
capabilities of the applications they regularly use, and they
accept whatever limitations that thinking may impose.
They are pragmatic, learning as much as they need to get their
work done. A new problem requires a new piece of software.
 Spreadsheet “programmers” fall into this category, as may
some programmers who work primarily with application
scripting tools such as Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications.
Nearly all commercial software is targeted at this group of
users, who can be considered “computer-literate.”
2. Goal-oriented users.
The second largest group.
These users focus exclusively on the goals they want to
accomplish and neither understand nor care about the software
they use to accomplish those goals.
This could be called the “I just want to type a letter” group.
They only see the final product.
They do not care about, for example, the difference between
a word processor document and a PDF image of that same
document, so they do not understand why they can make
textual edits to one and not the other.
They could be described as “computer-illiterate,” even if they
work with computers on a regular basis.
Many very intelligent people, scientists and scholars, fall into
this category.
They are frustrated by the limitations of the software they use
because they do not understand the reasons for those
limitations.
Though they may use common terms such as “files,” they
typically map those concepts onto their real-world
metaphorical analogues, resulting in confusion. (“Why can’t I
keep this picture in my email file?”)
3. Computer-oriented users
The third and smallest group of computer user.
They have learned how to think like a computer, to understand
the processes the computer goes through.
They favor small tools (e.g. the command line, shell scripts)
over large applications because they want to be in precise
control of what the computer is doing at all times.
They comfortably work with data in “raw” formats such as text
files. This does not necessarily mean they are tied down with
minutiae of implementation; often they can work at much
higher levels of abstraction than other users.
They tend to seek out the abstract patterns inherent in
whatever end result they are working towards, then implement
those patterns in the computer.
A new problem rarely requires new tools, merely a new
application of existing tools.
 They will create whatever new tools are needed to bring the
computer up to the level of the problem, rather than trying to
adapt the problem to fit the computer.

The Types of Computer User Based on their usage of the computers:

Career Opportunities for the Information Technology Graduates.

Graduates of BS in Information Technology may pursue a career path in IT

firms and corporations, any government or private institutions. They may
apply as an (but not limited):

Application developer
Build and maintain application server compatible with Windows and
Linux and report to Applications Architecture Manager.
Coordinate with development teams to identify needs and work with
network engineers, system administrators, database administrators
to design application server environments.
Provide technical support to web designers and developers to assist
in operating server technologies.

Database administrator
Database administrators, often called DBAs, make sure that data
analysts can easily use the database to find the information they need
and that the system performs as it should.
DBAs sometimes work with an organization’s management team to
understand the company’s data needs and to plan the goals of the
database.

Technical support specialist

Handling customer technical support cases through phone and email
submission
Updating the company website with tech tips and brief documents
Evaluating system potential through assessing compatibility of new
programs with existing programs
Improving existing programs by evaluating objectives and
specifications, reviewing proposed changes and making
recommendations
Maintaining system functionality by testing computer components

Test engineer
Design test plans and test cases to validate new products and
improve existing products.
Perform product validation and verification of hardware in field or
lab environment.
Provide technical support to technicians for various testing
activities.
Design and implement design test tools for review and verification
process.
 Prepare production test processes and develop test plans and
prepare inverter test reports.
Administer various debug tools to conduct failure analysis.
Develop tests and debugging tools to analyze the functionality of
hardware systems.

Web administrator
Collaborate with development teams to discuss, analyze, or resolve
usability issues.
Identify or address interoperability requirements.
Track, compile, and analyze web site usage data.
Document application and web site changes or change procedures.
Develop or document style guidelines for web site content.

Web developer
Website and software application designing, building, or maintaining.
Using scripting or authoring languages, management tools, content
creation tools, applications and digital media.
Conferring with teams to resolve conflicts, prioritize needs, develop
content criteria, or choose solutions.
Directing or performing Website updates.
Developing or validating test routines and schedules to ensure that
test cases mimic external interfaces and address all browser and
device types.

Network administrator
Maintaining and administering computer networks and related
computing environments including systems software, applications
software, hardware, and configurations.
Performing disaster recovery operations and data backups when
required.
Protecting data, software, and hardware by coordinating, planning
and implementing network security measures.
Troubleshooting, diagnosing and resolving hardware, software, and
other network and system problems.
Replacing faulty network hardware components when required.

Information security administrator

Information security administrators are responsible for all security
protocols related to an organization's information infrastructure.
They work with network administrators to track down security
vulnerabilities in the information sharing network to ensure that such
weaknesses in the system are addressed and remedied efficiently.
 Administrators work continuously on security measures and
applications designed to mitigate the risk of malicious intrusion into
the network's information sharing structure and internet file sharing.
They monitor and upgrade malware, anti-Trojan, and virus detection
applications; conduct analysis on the information sharing structure;
and test for security vulnerabilities.

Network engineer
Maintaining and administering computer networks and related
computing environments including systems software, applications
software, hardware, and configurations.
Performing disaster recovery operations and data backups when
required.
Protecting data, software, and hardware by coordinating, planning
and implementing network security measures.
Troubleshooting, diagnosing and resolving hardware, software, and
other network and system problems.

Systems analyst
Implements computer system requirements by defining and
analyzing system problems; designing and testing standards and
solutions.
Defines application problem by conferring with clients; evaluating
procedures and processes.
Develops solution by preparing and evaluating alternative workflow
solutions.
Controls solution by establishing specifications and coordinating
production with programmers.
Validates results by testing programs.
 MODULE 3

Google Service

LESSON 1

Google Applications

What are Google Apps?

Google Apps are a suite of web-based messaging and collaboration

applications that Google hosts on their own servers. Google provides these
applications as a "service," rather than as software to download and install.
To access these applications, you simply use a web browser on a computer
that's connected to the Internet.

Google Apps provide:

 Lower infrastructure costs

 All your email is stored securely on Google's servers, so we'll no longer
need to maintain email servers on-site.
 Ability to further consolidate email platforms
 We eliminate duplication of services by moving to one email,
calendar and file sharing solution providing students, faculty and
staff with state of the art tools.
 Lower support costs
 Because Google hosts the email and calendar services, there's no
more email client software to maintain on your computer.
 Innovative solutions -- We can leverage the powerful collaboration
tools of the Google Apps platform to provide the University
community with easy-to-use tools for sharing information and getting
work done efficiently.
 Highly scalable environment -- With Google Apps, our email capacity
continues to grow automatically as Georgia Southern grows, and we
avoid many complexities, risks and future costs.
 Access to services from anywhere, anytime – Google Apps are
designed to operate in cyberspace and is functional with any
computer or mobile device with an Internet connection, anywhere in
the world;
 Security and Survivability - Google’s security resources are world-
class and far outpace the resources that any single higher education
 institution could ever provide. Google Apps offers a strong and
extensive security infrastructure that has passed the American
Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement on Auditing
Standard 70. Google data center provide redundancy of services
and duplication of data across large geographical areas making
them resilient to common disaster scenarios.
 State of the Art features -- With Google's next-generation
applications, faculty, students and staff operate in an environment
of information collaboration. Google is constantly innovating new
applications and capabilities. Google also provides a programming
interface that allows the University to create our own Google-based
applications.

Your new Google account does include the following services:

GMail "Google mail'

Google Calendar

GChat "Google Talk"

Google Drive

Google Sites

What are the key benefits?

 Lots of storage -- You have a full 25 GB of online storage for your

email, so you can archive all of your email online. You do not need
to worry about deleting messages or saving them in offline folders.
 Enhanced message organization and retrieval -- With Google Mail,
you spend less time managing folders and searching for messages.
For example, you can add one or more tags, or "labels," to your
messages to organize and store them more efficiently. And with the
 Google-powered search feature, you can find any message quickly
and easily, whether it's in your Inbox or stored in your message
archive.
 Easier calendar sharing -- Google Calendar lets you and your team
members quickly and easily share your calendars with each other and
specify the details you want to show. Calendar sharing is a great way
for you and your coworkers to keep each other informed about your
schedules. Now it's easier than ever to find out if someone is in a
meeting, on a business trip, or on vacation.
 Integrated chat -- With the Google Talk instant messaging
application, you can communicate instantly with your co-workers
right from the Email interface. In addition, all your chats are
automatically saved in your Email application, so you can always
retrieve important information.
 Real-time collaboration -- Using Google Docs, you can create
documents, spreadsheets, and presentations, and you and your team
members can view and edit them at the same time. You can still use
your Microsoft Office products as needed, but now you'll have more
options for storing and collaborating on your documents.
 Easy-to-build team web sites -- With Google Sites, your team has
the ability to quickly publish a robust internal web site on which to
gather all sorts of shared information, such as documents,
spreadsheets, presentations, files, and videos. You can even embed
Google calendars and other gadgets on your site.

Steps in Creating a Google Account:

In order to create a Google account, you'll need to enter some information,

like your name, birth date, and location. Creating a Google account will
automatically create a Gmail email address.

If you have a Gmail address, you already have a Google account so you
won't need to create an account. You can simply sign in to Google using
your Gmail information.

2. Go to www.google.com. Locate and select the Sign in button in the

top-right corner of the page.

3. Click Create an account.

4. The signup form will appear. Follow the directions by entering the
required information, such as your name, birth date, and gender.

5. Review Google's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy, click the

checkbox, then click Next step.
6. The Create your profile page will appear. Click Add a photo if you want
to add a photo to your profile. If you don't want to set a profile photo
at this time, click Next step.

7. Your account will be created, and the Google welcome page will appear.
 Just like with any online service, it's important to choose
a strong password—in other words, one that is difficult for someone
else to guess.

What is Google Drive?

Google Drive is a cloud storage service, and like all cloud services, its
primary function is to take some load off your hard drive. Cloud storage
works by uploading your files to its own remote servers — or the “cloud” —
freeing up space on your computer. This leaves more space on your devices
for more important things, like installing large apps and games.

However, cloud services offer many more advantages over traditional

storage. When your files are in the cloud, you can access them from
wherever you are with any device with an internet connection. Plus, you
can share them with other people, which opens up new avenues for online
collaboration.

If you have a Google account, you already have Google Drive, too. Simply
signing up for an account gets you 15GB of free storage, which puts its free
plan near the top of our best free cloud storage list. However, Google uses
Drive for Google Photos storage, as well as storing your Gmail attachments
and G Suite documents, which can take up a lot of that space.

How Does Google Drive Work?

Google Drive’s main purpose is to store files and sync them to your
computer. You can use Drive’s website to upload files and edit them online.
Plus, if you install its desktop client, you can use the Drive folder on your
computer to continuously sync important files to the cloud, making sure
they’re updated as you work on them.

Drive recently expanded its syncing capabilities by adding the option to

sync any folder on your computer to the Google Drive servers. This
lets Drive function as a backup service, as well. It doesn’t quite have all
the functionality of a dedicated backup service, though, so if you need one,
you can take a look at our best online backup services list.

Google Drive doesn’t just help you store files, though. It works as a sort of
hub for all of your Google activity. Drive works with Google’s entire
ecosystem of apps, including its G Suite of office apps. This means you can
use it to create Google Docs files, Google Forms surveys, Google Sheets
spreadsheets or Google Slides presentations.

It is also one of the best cloud services for sharing, thanks to its highly
customizable sharing options. When you share files on Google Drive, you
can set permissions for each person you’re sharing with. You can even let
other users edit Google Docs files with you, allowing you to collaborate
with up to 100 people on any G Suite document.

This means that if your work demands a lot of online collaboration, the
best solution for you might be to use Google Drive, especially if you need
to work together on a lot of Google Docs files.

HOW TO ACCESS GOOGLE DRIVE?

To access Drive in your browser, go to drive.google.com and log in with

your account.
The left side of the screen is home to a navigation bar where you can
access Drive’s various tabs. These tabs organize your files by various
categories.

The “my Drive” tab houses all of your cloud files. This is also where the
Drive folder on your computer gets synced. If you’ve synced any other
folders from your hard disk to the cloud, you can find them in the
“computers” tab. Meanwhile, “shared with me” keeps all the files that
other people have shared with you. These are your main tabs, and you’ll
spend most of your time there.
These tabs have their own folder structure, so you can create subfolders
to organize your files better. “My Drive” keeps the structure of your
computer’s Drive folder, and folders in the “computers” tab have the
same structure as the folders on your hard drive that you’ve synced.

There are other tabs, as well. You can find recently accessed files in the
“recent” tab. “Starred” is where you can find any files you’ve favorited
for quick access. If you want to recover a deleted file, the “trash” tab
keeps all the files that you delete for 30 days.

The central area of the browser interface is where you can see all your
files and folders. You can drag and drop items to move them around, and
you can right-click an item to open its menu of options. “My Drive” has an
extra area at the top, called “quick access,” for your frequently used
files.

At the top of the screen, there is a search bar that lets you look for files
by name. When you click on a Drive file or folder, several icons appear in
the area below the search bar. These icons let you do things like sharing,
renaming, deleting or moving the item you’ve selected. These same
options (and more) can be found in the right-click menu.
The right-hand side of the screen has a special toolbar with shortcuts to
either Google’s own apps or third-party apps that work with Google.
We’ll look into these later in this guide.

Now comes the most important part: how to interact with Drive files.
First, you have to upload a file to Drive. To upload files, you can click on
the “new” button in the top-left corner, then select the file or folder you
want to upload. An easier method is to simply drag and drop the file into
the browser window, which will upload it into the folder you have open in
the website interface.
Now that your files are in the cloud, you can right-click on them or use
the icons at the top of the screen to interact with them. Both have the
same options. Probably the most important of these options are the two
sharing options.

The first option is the simpler of the two, and it’s called “get shareable
link.” Clicking on it will generate a share link that you can copy and send.
The second sharing option is called “share.” Clicking on it opens up a
dialog where you can add people to the file via email address. You can
then set various permissions for each person.
Another important option here is the “preview” function. You can
preview many file types, including images, videos, PDF files, and
Microsoft Office and G Suite documents. Once you’re in the preview
window, you can choose “open with” to open the file you’re previewing,
either with a Google app — such as Google Sheets or Google Slides — or a
third-party app.
Moving items around is an easy enough task: just click and drag an item
to move it into another folder. You can also right-click and use the “move
to” function. If you move an item to the “trash” tab, the item will be
deleted. You can also do this by clicking on the “remove” option in the
right-click menu or the contextual icon at the top.

Other options are self-explanatory, such as “download,” “rename,”

“make a copy” or “add to starred.” That wraps up the browser interface
section, so let’s move onto the desktop portion of this guide.

On Your Desktop

The desktop app is called “Backup and Sync from Google.” Installing this
app creates a Google Drive folder on your computer. Files in this folder
are automatically uploaded to Drive. Plus, you can choose to sync any
other folder, too.

The app itself doesn’t do much on its own. It appears as an icon in your
taskbar, and clicking it only brings up shortcuts to your Drive folder, the
Drive website and Google Photos. From here, you can also pause syncing
or go into the “preferences” menu to change some options around.

The most important thing the app does is that it adds options to your
right-click menu. So if you right-click on a folder on your hard drive, you
will get a new “Google Drive” submenu, with an option called “sync this
folder.” This will create a link between Drive and that folder.

Then, to upload files, you can just put them in that folder, and whenever
you edit them, it will update the cloud versions, as well.
Files that have already been synced get other options in this menu.
Clicking on “share” in the right-click menu will open up a sharing dialog,
just like the “share” option in the web interface. “Copy link to clipboard”
will generate a sharing link, and “view on the web” will take you to the
web version of the file.
Now that you have a better grasp of Drive’s desktop environment, let’s go
back to the Drive folder for a second. Though any folder you sync to Drive
is accessible from the website, only the Drive folder is a true sync folder.
This means that having the app installed on multiple computers will
result in the same Google Drive folder being synced across all the
devices.

This can be very useful in some scenarios. For example, you can log in to
your account on both your personal computer and the family’s media
computer. Then you can place movies and music in the Drive folder, and
they’ll be available for the whole family to play. This can be especially
advantageous to businesses that can give all of their employees’ access to
the same files.

On Mobile

The mobile app is very easy to use, and it can work on both Android and
iOS. It’s mostly a standard cloud app, with some unique features. There is
a homepage with your recent files, a “starred” tab, your “shared with
me” tab and, of course, your “my Drive,” where all your files are.
There is also a “plus” button that you can use to create a new folder,
upload files or scan a document. You can also use this button to create
files with Google Docs, Google Sheets or Google Slides.
Each file and folder has a menu with options, which are mostly the same
as the website’s right-click menu options.

You can also use Google Drive’s storage to automatically upload photos
and videos, though the actual work is done by the Photos app, which you
have to install separately.

There are two settings for the quality of the uploaded photos. “High
quality” photos are compressed using an AI algorithm to make the images
smaller, and they don’t count against your storage quota. An “original
quality” photo is uploaded as-is, but it will take up storage space.
 Lesson 2

Google Docs

Google Docs is a free Web-based application in which documents and

spreadsheets can be created, edited and stored online. Files can be
accessed from any computer with an Internet connection and a full-
featured Web browser. Google Docs is a part of a comprehensive package
of online applications offered by and associated with Google.

Users of Google Docs can import, create, edit and update documents and
spreadsheets in various fonts and file formats, combining text with
formulas, lists, tables and images. Google Docs is compatible with
most presentation software and word processor applications. Work can be
published as a Web page or as a print-ready manuscript. Users can control
who sees their work. Google Docs is ideal for publishing within an
enterprise, maintaining blogs or composing work for viewing by the general
public.

Google Docs lends itself to collaborative projects in which multiple authors

work together in real time from geographically diverse locations. All
participants can see who made specific document changes and when those
alterations were done. Because documents are stored online and can also
be stored on users' computers, there is no risk of total data loss as a result
of a localized catastrophe. However, the Internet-based nature of Google
Docs has given rise to concerns among some authors that their work may
not be private or secure.

Ways to create a new Google Docs file:

1. Access docs.google.com – the default environment that will display
when you access this address is the “document”.
2. Via Google Drive ‘drive.google.com’
Clicking the Main Menu will display the different Applications you want to
create.
The Google Document Environment
What Is Google Sheets?

Google Sheets is a free, web-based program for creating and editing

spreadsheets.

Google Sheets, along with Google Docs and Google Slides, is a part of what
Google calls Google Drive. It's similar to how Microsoft Excel, Microsoft
Word, and Microsoft PowerPoint are each individual parts within Microsoft
Office.

Google Sheets works best for those who have modest spreadsheet
requirements, work remotely from multiple devices, and/or collaborate
with others.

Note: Google Sheets is available for web browsers as well as Android and
iOS devices

Google Sheets is available as a web application, accessible through

Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer 11, Microsoft Edge, and Safari.

This means that Google Sheets is compatible with all desktops and laptops
(e.g. Windows, Mac, Linux) that can run any of the aforementioned web
browsers.
A Google Sheets mobile app is also available to install on Android (running
version 4.4 KitKat and newer) and iOS (running version 9.0 and newer)
devices.

Google Sheets supports a list of common spreadsheet formats and file

types:

 .xlsx
 .xls
 .xlsm
 .xlt
 .xltx
 .xltxm
 .ods
 .csv
 .txt
 .tsv
 .tab

Users can open/import, edit, and save/export spreadsheets (including

Microsoft Excel) and documents with Google Sheets. Excel files can be
easily converted to Google Sheets and vice versa.

Google Sheets offers a wide set of spreadsheet features, including:

 Text formatting.
 Formula input.
 Conditional formatting.
 Image import.
 The ability to create charts and graphs from data sets.
 The ability to utilize scripts.
 The use of a variety of templates.
 Collaborative editing for sharing between computers,
devices, and other users.

Google Slides (formerly known as Google Presentations) is a free

presentation web application. It includes nearly all the capabilities of a
traditional presentation program, such as Microsoft PowerPoint. Google
Slides offers the benefit of cloud storage, which means that users'
documents are saved automatically, and may be retrieved even if
their hard drive or SSD fails.

Google Slides features

Google Slides features include:
 The ability to insert images, formatted text, animations, other
media.
 The use of a variety of templates.
 The ability to edit transitions between
slides.
 Collaborative editing for sharing between computers, devices, and
other users.

Google Slides supported file types

Google slides support the .ppt, .pptx, .pptm, .pps, .ppsx, .ppsm, .pot,
.potx, and .potm presentation file types.

How to add a slide

1. Create a new presentation or open an existing presentation in
Google Slides.

2. In the slides preview pane on the left, click the slide where you
want to insert a new slide. The new slide is inserted after, or
below, the selected slide.

3. In the menu bar, click the + button to insert a new slide with the
same layout as the selected slide. Alternatively, you can right-
click the slide and select New Slide in the pop-up menu.

4. To insert a slide with a different layout, click the down arrow next
to the + button and select the slide layout.
How to remove a slide
1. Open an existing presentation in Google
Slides.
2. In the slides preview pane on the left, select the slide to be removed.
3. In the menu bar, click Edit and select Delete to remove the slide.
Alternatively, you can right-click the slide and select Delete in
the pop-up menu.

GOOGLE FORMS

Google Forms is a free survey tool that’s part of G Suite—Google’s complete

office suite (although some people refer to it all as Google Docs). The other
main services included in the cloud-based suite are Sheets (Excel), Docs
(Word), and Slides (PowerPoint).

Google Forms lets you collect information from people via personalized
quizzes or surveys. You can then connect the info to a spreadsheet on
Sheets to automatically record the answers. The spreadsheet then
populates with the responses from the quiz or survey in real-time. This
makes Google Forms one of the easiest ways to save data directly into a
spreadsheet.

With Forms, you can collect RSVPs, start surveys, or create quizzes for
students with a simple online form. You can share your form via email, a
direct link, or on social media and ask everyone to participate.
And since Forms is an online tool, you can share and collaborate with
multiple people on the same form in real-time.

How to Create a Blank Form

Now that you have a Google account, it’s time to create your first Form.
Head over to the Google Forms homepage and place the cursor on the
multicolored plus sign (+) in the bottom-right corner.

The plus sign turns into a purple pencil icon; click it to create a new form.

Pro Tip: You can type forms.new into the address bar from any browser
and hit Enter to create and open a new blank form automatically.

How to Customize Your Form

One of the first things you might want to do after you create a new blank
form is give it a bit of personality. Google Forms lets you customize the
theme and help it stand out by adding an image, color, and font style.
Click the artist’s palette at the top of the screen. From here, you can
choose a header image from one of the many stock photos provided (or
upload one of your own), the primary color of the form, the background
color, and font style.

While customization is lacking when it comes to the theme of forms (aside

from being able to upload any image for the header), Google Forms makes
up for it with everything else it has to offer.

After you customize your form, close the theme options to return to your
survey.
How to Choose Question Types

When you create a Google Form, you can choose the types of questions you
want people to answer. Whether you want static answers from a multiple-
choice form or essay-length responses, you can create your ideal form in a
snap!

Click the drop-down menu next to the question field.

Then, select the type of question you want from the list.
Your choices are:

 Short Answer: Responses only require a few words. You can set rules
people have to follow in their answer with data input validation. Great
for email addresses or URLs.
 Paragraph: Responses require long-form answers of one or more
paragraphs. Data input validation is available for this type of response,
as well.
 Multiple Choice: People choose between a set of options (one per
question). You can include “Other” and an option so people can input a
short answer. Depending on a person’s answer, you can also send them
to a different section of the form.
 Checkboxes: Responders choose one or more of a set of options,
including the “Other” option for a short answer. Depending on a person’s
answer, you can send them to a different section of the form.
 Drop-down: People choose their answer from a set of options in a drop-
down menu (one per question). Based on the answer, you can, again,
send people to another section of the form.
 File Upload: This allows the person to upload a file in response to a
question. Uploaded files use Google Drive space for the survey owner.
You can specify the size and type of files people can upload.
 Linear Scale: People can rate your question on a scale that starts at 0
or 1, and ends on a whole number from 2 to 10.
 Multiple Choice Grid: This creates a grid from which people can select
one answer per row. Optionally, you can limit answers to one choice per
column and shuffle the row order.
 Checkbox Grid: This option creates a grid from which people can select
one or more answer per row. Optionally, you can limit answers to one
choice per column and shuffle the row order.
 Date: Responder must choose the date as an answer to the question. The
default is day, month, and year. Optionally, you can include the time in
people’s answers.
 Time: Responder must choose the time of day or a duration of time.

How to Add More Questions

If you’re creating a survey or quiz, you’re likely going to include more than
one question on it. Google Forms makes it super-easy to add as many
questions as you want, and you can vary the types of questions. You can
even separate them into sections, so everything doesn’t appear on a single
page.

To add more questions to your form, click the plus sign (+).
To add another section to separate questions, click the icon that looks like
two rectangles.

Optionally, you can give the section a name and description to distinguish
it from other sections later on.
If you want to add any questions to a different section, it’s simple! Just
drag and drop them between sections. At the end of the section, click the
drop-down menu to choose where the form should direct people next.

How to Create a Quiz

Google Forms isn’t just for surveys or event invites. Teachers can use Forms
to create digital quizzes, which automatically grade, send results (if
enabled), and collect student responses.

It’s one of the easiest ways to give students immediate feedback and
reduce the amount of time you spend grading quizzes.

Click the Settings cog at the top of the page.

Click the “Quizzes” tab, and then toggle on “Make This a Quiz.”

After you enable quiz mode, you can choose when to release a student’s
mark, and what information he can see after he’s submitted his quiz. When
you finish, click “Save” to exit the window.
Once you return to your quiz, select one of the questions, and then click
“Answer Key” to edit the correct response, and the weight each question
has in the quiz.

Here’s where you set the correct answer(s), decide how many points each
one is worth, and add answer feedback for the answers to each question.
Click “Edit Question” to close the answer key and save your changes.

Note: While you can only select correct answers for multiple-choice,
checkbox, and drop-down questions, you can associate any question with a
point value for correctness.
Google Forms

How to Collaborate on Forms

Like all Google suite applications, Forms lets you collaborate with others.
Anyone you share a unique link with can edit the questions in your form.
This makes it a lot easier to work on the same survey with a group.

To do this, click the three dots at the top of the page, and then click “Add
Collaborators.”
Next, under the heading “Who Has Access,” click “Change.”

Select “On – Anyone with the link” to generate a shareable link. Anyone
with this link can then access and edit your form. Click “Save.”

Now, you can copy and share the link with anyone you want to have access
to your form.
You can do a lot more with these shareable links, as they also work with
other Drive files and on mobile.

How to Store Responses in Google Sheets

Google Forms stores the answers to your Form automatically. It saves each
response in the “Responses” tab at the top of your form and updates in
real-time as people answer questions.

However, if you prefer a more in-depth way to analyze responses from your
form, you can generate a new Google Sheet—or link to an existing one—to
store and view answers. When viewing data stored in a spreadsheet, you
can apply many types of calculations and Google Sheets’ functions to
create formulas that manipulate your responses.

To do this, select the “Responses” tab, and then click the green Sheets
icon.
Next, click “Create” to generate a new spreadsheet to store all your
answers.

Each spreadsheet contains all responses, along with a timestamp of when

the survey was completed.
If you already have a spreadsheet you want to use, you can do that, too!
Instead of clicking “Create,” click “Select existing spreadsheet,” and then
click “Select.”

Choose the spreadsheet you want from the list of those saved on your
Google Drive, and then click “Select.”

As people answer each question in the form, their responses dynamically

appear in the selected Google Sheet spreadsheet.

How to Use a Form Template

Sometimes, you don’t want to think about the format—or questions—of a
survey. When that’s the case, you can use a template from the Google
Forms template gallery. It has templates for everything from party invites
to course evaluation forms.

To get started, head over to the Google Forms homepage and place the
cursor on the multicolored plus sign (+) in the bottom-right corner.

The plus sign becomes a purple pencil and purple page icon. Click the
purple page icon.

Once the window opens, choose a template from one of the three sections:
Personal, Work, or Education.
Click on a template. The form opens in the current tab and saves to your
Drive with all your other forms. If you want to add any questions or edit
any existing ones, the templates are customizable, just like any other
form.
Add the Final Touches

Before you share your form with everyone, be sure to check out the
settings. From here, you can collect email addresses, create a confirmation
message, limit responses to one per person, and more.

Click the Settings cog at the top of the page.

The first tab has a few settings you can enable. From here, you can collect
email addresses and limit each person to one submission. You can also
choose whether respondents can edit their answers after they’re submitted
or see a summary chart at the end of the survey.

Note: If you enable “Limit to 1 response,” the respondent must log in with
their Google account to access your form. Anyone without a Google account
won’t be able to submit answers to your form. Unless you’re positive
everyone has a Google account, leave this option disabled.

The “Presentation” tab has settings that show a progress bar that lets
people know how far along they are in the form. You can also shuffle the
question order, show a link to submit the form again (if “Limit to 1
response” is disabled), or compose a confirmation message that
respondents see after they submit the form.
After you finish, hit “Save” to save the changes and return to your form.

How to Share Your Form

After you’ve completed creating a form, it’s time to send it out and get
some responses. You can share the form via email, a direct link, on your
social media account, or you can embed it into your website.

To get sharing, open the form you want to share, and then click “Send.”
Choose how you want to share your form from the options at the top of the
pane. From left to right, your choices are: email, direct link, an embedded
link for your website, Facebook, and Twitter.

This beginner’s guide will have you creating Google Forms in no time!
Whether you need a survey to find out what everyone’s bringing to the
BBQ, or a quiz for your physics class, Google Forms is an easy-to-use,
powerful tool. And it doesn’t cost a dime.
 MODULE 4
MS OFFICE APPLICATION

LESSON 1
MS WORD

MS Office Word
 Is a full-featured word processor that allows you to create professional
looking documents and revise them easily.

Word Processor
 A word processing program which more formally known as document
preparation system.
 One of the earliest applications for PC in office productivity.
 Refers to advanced shorthand techniques, sometimes used in
specialized contexts with a specially modified typewriter.

Advantages of Word Processing:

 Make changes without retyping the entire document.
 Easy to correct mistakes.
 Deleting a paragraph is so simple without leaving a trace.
 Equally easy to insert a word, sentence or paragraph anywhere in
the document.
 Can send a file to a printer and get a hardcopy.
With Word, you can develop:
 announcements  letters
 memos  fax cover sheets
 resumes  reports
 Mailing labels  newsletters

Word also provides tools that enable you to create Web pages with ease.

MS WORD
Title Bar
 Located at the very top of the screen.
 Displays the document name on which you are currently working
followed by a program name.
 it should look like this:
"Microsoft Word - Document1"


Menu Bar
 Generally found directly below the Title bar.
 Displays the menu names which is used to give instructions to the
software.
 Contains a list of commands used to perform tasks that in general
manage and customize documents.


Drop-down Menu
 menu option that will open upon pointing and clicking the left mouse
button.
 displays most often needed commands.
 also known as pull-down menu.

Cascading Menus
 contains additional options that appear upon hovering the mouse
pointer over the command with a triangle.

Chevron - found at the bottom of the list and clicking it will display
additional menu options.
Toolbars
 Contain buttons and boxes that allow you to perform frequent tasks
quickly.
 Provide shortcuts to menu commands which are located just below
the Menu bar.
 For most efficient use of the buttons, the toolbars should be
displayed on two separate rows instead of sharing a single row.

Standard Toolbar
 One of the most common toolbars which contains shortcut buttons
for the most popular commands such as:
 open, save, and print a file;
 check spelling;
 cut, copy, and paste; or
 undo and redo.


Formatting Toolbar
 contains buttons used for formatting
 change the font, font size or font color;
 bold, underline, or italicize text highlight;
 left align, right align, center, or justify
 bullet or number lists; or
 decrease or increase the indent.

In most cases, the Standard and Formatting toolbars are docked.

Docked toolbar - a toolbar that is attached to an edge of the Word

window.
Floating toolbar - a toolbar that is not attached to an edge of the Word
window.

Ruler - allows you to change the format of your document quickly by

setting the margins, indents, and tabs.

Tabs - used to align text, decimals and formats by clicking the spot
on the ruler.

Indentation markers - used to set hanging, left and right indentations

which can be set with the handle.

Selection Bar
 An invisible bar which is generally found on the left hand side of the
screen.
 Clicking this area will enable you to select certain amount of texts.

Text Area
 Refers to the area where document is being typed.

Cursor
 The blinking vertical line in the upper left corner of the text area.
 It marks the insertion point (the location where the next character
appears).

Task Pane - a window within an Office application which provides

easy access to commonly used commands.

Help - provides quick access to Help topics.

Scroll bars - used to view parts of the document by enabling you to

move up and down or across the window simply by pressing the icons
located on the scroll bars.

Vertical scroll bar – located at the right edge of the document window.

Horizontal scroll bar – located at the bottom of the document window.

View Buttons
This enables you to change the document view which provides ways to
view the progress of the document and remain organized.
Types of Document Views:
 Normal  Print Layout
 Full Screen  Outline
 Reading Layout  Web/Online Layout

Status bar
It is found at the very bottom of the screen which displays position of the
cursor and working mode buttons used to track changes.

Document Recovery Task Pane

It appears the next time Word is opened which allows you to view files
that were recovered when Word discontinued working properly.

Save As
Used to create an exact copy of an original document for editing and
revising purposes by saving it under a new name.

Backspace key - erases the text to the left of the insertion point one
character at a time.

Delete key - erases the text to the right of the insertion point.

Undo command
Let you delete the last change made to your document.
Word remembers up to 300 actions in a document that can be undone.

Repeat Command
Allows the last action to be repeated and can help save a lot of time as
you create your document.

Cut - removes selected text from the document and temporarily place
it on the Office Clipboard.

Copy - copy selected text from the document and temporarily place it on
the Clipboard.

Paste - allows you to get text from the Clipboard and place it in the same
or even another document.

Drag and Drop - a method of moving text which allows you to move
selected text using your mouse.

Grammar and Spell Check - automatically reviews grammar and

spelling as you type.
Page Setup - used to change the margins such as space along the top,
left, right and bottom in your document.

Bulleted and Numbered Lists

 Helps simplify steps or items to the reader such as in manuals.
 Bullets - used to list items that do not have to be in any particular
order.
 Numbers (or letters) - used when items has to be in a certain
order.

Header and Footer Toolbar

 Header - appears at the top of the page.
 Footer - appears at the bottom of the page

Symbols
 Refers to symbols that can be selected from Word's Symbol Dialog
Box (i.e. the Copyright symbol, ©).

Textbox
 Used to place text inside it to help focus the reader's eye on the page
content and can be formatted for an impressive display of Word
skills.

Line Spacing - measured in lines or points.

Word Shortcut Keys

Keyboard shortcuts:
Ctrl + 1 - Single-space lines
Ctrl + 2 - Double-space lines
Ctrl + 5 - Set 1.5-line spacing
Ctrl + 0 - Add/remove one line space preceding a paragraph

Keyboard shortcuts for Align Text:

Ctrl + L - Align left
Ctrl + R - Align right
Ctrl + E - Align center
Ctrl + J - Align justify

Text Formatting
 Allows you to change the appearance of text.

Text Formatting Keyboard Shortcuts

Ctrl + Shift + F - Change the font
Ctrl + Shift + P - Change the font size.
Ctrl + Shift + < - Decrease font size.
Ctrl + Shift + > - Increase font size.
Ctrl + B - apply bold formatting
Ctrl + I - apply italic formatting
Ctrl + U - apply an underline

Text formatting Keyboard shortcuts:

Ctrl + Shift + W - underline words but not spaces
Ctrl + Equal Sign - Apply subscript formatting
Ctrl + Shift + Plus Sign - Apply superscript formatting

Other Important Shortcuts:

Ctrl + Alt + I - Switch in or out of print preview.
Ctrl + O - Open a document.
Ctrl + W - Close a document.
Ctrl + S - save the document
Shift + F3 - Change the case of letters.
Ctrl + A - Select all
Alt + Ctrl + P - Switch to print layout view.
Ctrl + P - Print a document.
Ctrl + Backspace - erases one word to the left.
Ctrl + Delete - erases one word to the right.
Alt + Ctrl + C - The copyright symbol
Alt + Ctrl + R - The registered trademark symbol
Alt + Ctrl + T - The trademark symbol
Alt + Ctrl + Period - An ellipsis
Alt + 164 - ñ
Alt + 165 - Ñ

LESSON 2
MS EXCEL

Microsoft Excel is the first spreadsheet application in the Microsoft Office

Suite that allowed the user to define the appearance of spreadsheets.

Spreadsheet
A table of values arranged in rows and columns where each value can
have a predefined relationship to the other values that sit in their
respective cell.

Electronic Spreadsheet
 A type of an accounting computer software primarily used to work
with numbers and text for performing mathematical computations on a
spreadsheet.
It involves the following:
- Formula - the relationship between cells.
- Labels - the names of the cells.

An electronic spreadsheet has the following purpose:

- Help organize information, like alphabetizing a list of names or
ordering records, or
- Calculate and analyze information using mathematical formulas.

Advantages:
- Excel allows large numbers of calculations to be carried out
simultaneously.
- It has intelligent cell re-computation.
- It also has extensive graphing capabilities, and enables users to
perform mail merge.

Workbook
 This is also called a spreadsheet and a unique file created by Excel.
 Automatically shows in the workspace when you open Microsoft Excel.
 Each workbook contains three worksheets (labeled Sheet1, Sheet2,
and Sheet3).
 A workbook must contain at least one worksheet.

Worksheet - a grid of cells, consisting of 1,048,576 rows by

16,384 columns. (Excel 2013)

Last row is 1048576 (Go to last row ‘Ctrl + Arrow Down’)

Last column is XFD (Go to last column ‘Ctrl + Arrow Right’)

Sheet Tabs - separate a workbook into specific worksheets.

Navigation buttons - allow you to move to another worksheet in an Excel

workbook and is used to display the first, previous, next or last worksheets
in the workbook.

Column headings - contains 16,384 columns referenced by alphabetic

characters in the gray boxes that run across the Excel screen beginning
with Column A and ending with Column XFD.
Row headings - contains 1,048,576 rows referenced by numbers
appearing on the left and then run down the Excel screen starting from
first row (row 1) to the last row (row 1048576).

Name box - shows the address of the current selection or active cell.

Formula bar - displays information being entered as you type-in the

current or active cell.

Cells - little boxes that are formed from the intersection of columns and
rows.

The contents of a cell can also be edited in the Formula bar.

Cell address - name designated to each cell which is comprised of two

parts:
a. column (letter)
b. row (number)

Active cell - refers to the cell that can be acted upon or receives the data
or command you give it which reveals a dark border.

All other cells reveal a light gray border.

Each cell has a unique cell address (i.e. the cell address of the selected
cell is B3).

Cell pointer - the heavy or darkened border around the selected cell.

Different spreadsheet information can be entered into a cell such as text,

numbers or mathematical formulas.

Text - any entry that is not a number or formula.

Numbers - values used when making calculations.

Formulas - mathematical calculations.

Entering Data in the Cell:

This can be done by clicking on the cell where you want to type the
information.

An insertion point appears in the cell as the data is typed.

The data being typed appear both in the active cell and in the Formula
bar.

Editing Information in the Cell:

Method 1: Direct Cell Editing
This can be done by double-clicking on the cell that contains the
information to be changed.
Method 2: Formula bar Editing
This can be done by single clicking on the cell that contains the
information and edit it in the formula bar.

Creating Simple Formula (MDAS Operation):

Step 1: Click the cell where the formula will be defined.
Step 2: Type the equal sign (=) to let Excel know a formula is being
defined.
Step 3: Type the first number to be included in the operation.
If it involves numeric value contained in another cell, click the cell in
which the number is contained.
Step 4: Type the mathematical operator/s (*, /, +, -) to let Excel know
that an operation is to be performed.
Step 5: Type the second number to be included in the operation the way
it is done in step 2 especially if it involves a number in another cell.
Step 6: Press Enter to complete the formula.

Creating Complex Formulas:

Simple formulas have one mathematical operation.

Complex formulas involve more than one mathematical operation.

Check Point!
The order of mathematical operations is very important especially in
dealing with complex formula.

Using Formula
Order of operations in Complex Formula:
1. Operations enclosed in parenthesis.
2. Exponential calculations (to the power of).
3. Multiplication and division, whichever comes first.
4. Addition and subtraction, whichever comes first.
Applying Formulas to other Cells:
Formula are essential element in using Excel especially when you’re
dealing with a range of cells in a given column or row.

Two ways to apply formula to other cells:

1. Copy and Paste Method
2. Fill Formula Method

Copy and Paste Formula Method

The process to copy and paste a formula is identical to that process used
to copy and paste text.

Step 1: Select the cell that contains the formula to be copied.

Step 2: Click the Copy button.
Marching "ants" appear around the copied cell(s).

Copy and Paste Formula Method

Step 3: Select the cell where the copied formula is to be pasted.
Step 4: Press the Enter key. The formula is copied to the new location.

Using Formula

Fill Formula Method

- allows you to copy a formula and fill it into many different consecutive
cells at the same time.

Using the Fill Handle:

Step 1: Click on the cell that contains the formula to be copied.
Step 2: Position the mouse pointer over the fill handle.
Step 3: Click and hold the left mouse button, and then drag the contents
to the cell that's to receive the fill formula.
Step 4: Release the mouse button

Conditional Formatting

Conditional formatting allows Excel to apply a defined format to cells

that meet specific criteria.

These format might include a different background color, font color or

border.
Its main goal is to make important cells stand out so you can find them
easier.

You could apply conditional formatting to a row or column.

Two Methods:
1. Cell Value Is
2. Formula Is

Syntax: =IF(Op1 Operator Op2,True,False)

Example: =IF(B9 > B8,True,False)

 Cell Value Is
The simplest method is to have Excel apply the conditional formatting if
the cell meets a certain criteria.
When using this method, you’re allowed up to three conditions.

 Formula Is
Excel also allows you to use formulas for conditional formatting.

Benefits of using formulas:

3. It can reference the values in another cell.
4. It is very useful in doing comparative analysis as you can color code
items that fall above or below certain ranges.

Autofilter

Autofilter is a feature that makes temporarily hiding of data in a

spreadsheet very easy and allows you to focus on specific spreadsheet
entries.

1. Select Data -> Filter, then AutoFilter.

2. Click the drop-down arrow next to the heading you would like to filter.
3. Click the drop-down arrow again and select All to display all of the
original data.

Sorting List

Sorting list is a common spreadsheet task that allows you to easily reorder
your data.
5. Select Data -> Sort, a Sort dialog box will appear.
6. Select the category to Sort by.
7. Select Ascending to sort in alphabetical order from A to Z or Descending
to reverse the sorting.
Rows and Columns
In Excel, you can insert a row or column anywhere you need it.
 A new row is inserted above the cell(s) you originally selected.
 A new column is inserted to the left of the existing column.

By default, Excel's columns are 8.43 characters wide, but each individual
column can be enlarged to 240 characters wide.

You can adjust column width manually or use AutoFit.

 To access AutoFit choose Format > Column > AutoFit > Selection.
 To manually adjust the column width, place your mouse pointer to the
right side of the gray column header.
 The mouse pointer changes to the adjustment tool (double-headed
arrow).

Changing the row height is very much the same with adjusting a column
width.

Two ways to manually adjust the column width:

 Drag the Adjustment tool left or right to the desired width and
release the mouse button,
 Double-click the column header border.
Excel "Auto Fits" the column, making the entire column slightly larger
than the largest entry contained in it.
Text Control
Text Control allows you to control the way Excel 2013 presents
information in a cell.

Three types:
1. Wrapped Text
2. Shrink-to-Fit
3. Merge Cells

To change Format cells -> Alignment -> then choose one of the types.
Wrapped Text - wraps the contents of a cell across several lines if it's too
large than the column width. It increases the height of the cell as well.

Shrink-to-Fit - shrinks the text so it fits into the cell; the more text in the
cell the smaller it will appear in the cell.

Merge Cells - can be applied using the Merge and Center button on the
standard toolbar.

Text Orientation
Text Orientation is another type of cell alignment in the Format Cells
dialog box which allows text to be oriented 90 degrees in either direction
up or down.

To Change Text Orientation:

 Select a cell or cell range then choose Format Cells from the menu
bar (Format Cells dialog box opens).
 Click the Alignment tab.
  Increase or decrease the number shown in the Degrees field or
spin box.
 Click the OK button.

Commonly Used Functions

SUM - adds a range of cells together.
AVERAGE - calculates the average of a range of cells.
COUNT - counts the number of chosen data in a range of cells.
MAX - identifies the largest number in a range of cells.
MIN - identifies the smallest number in a range of cells.
IF - checks whether a condition’s met and returns a value if True, and
another value if false.
COUNTIF - counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given
condition.
ROUND – rounds a number to a specified number of digits.

The Chart Toolbar

Charts can be created in a number of ways and the quickest way to create
and edit your charts is to use the Chart Toolbar.

Chart Objects List Box - lets you select different parts of a chart for
editing.

Chart Types

Excel 2013 allows you to create many different kinds of charts.

Area chart - emphasizes the trend of each value over time. It also shows
the relationship of parts to a whole.

Column chart - uses vertical bars or columns to display values over

different categories. They are excellent at showing variations in value
over time.
Bar chart is similar to a column chart except these use horizontal instead
of vertical bars. Like the column chart, the bar chart shows variations in
value over time.

Line chart shows trends and variations in data over time. This type of chart
displays a series of points that are connected over time.

Pie chart displays the contribution of each value to the total. It’s a very
effective way to display information in representing different parts of the
whole, or the percentages of a total.

Other charts in Excel 2013:

 Doughnut  Stock  Bubble
 XY (scatter)  Radar  Surface
 Cylinder  Cone  Pyramid.

Parts of a Chart

Source Data - the range of cells that make up a chart. The chart is updated
automatically whenever the information in these cells change.

Title - the title of the chart.

Legend - the chart key, which identifies each color on the chart represents.

Axis - vertical and horizontal parts of a chart.

Vertical axis - the Y axis,
Horizontal axis - the X axis.

Data Series - the actual charted values, usually rows or columns of the
source data.

Value Axis - the axis that represents the values or units of the source data.

Category Axis - the axis identifying each data series.

 LESSON 3
MS POWERPOINT

Presentation Graphics
 Enable users to create highly stylized images for slide shows and
reports.
 Includes functions for creating various types of charts and graphs and
for inserting text in variety of fonts.
 It is often called business graphics.

MS PowerPoint

MS PowerPoint is a presentation graphics application. A presentation is a

combination of slides, handouts, notes, and outlines all in one file.

You can also add text, graphics, photos, clip art, sound and video to your
slides.

The PowerPoint Window has toolbars and panes to help you quickly create
presentations.

Most of the toolbars are common in Office applications but may feature
options unique to

PowerPoint such as:

 Title bar
 Menu bar
 Standard and Formatting toolbars

PowerPoint Window
View buttons - used to control the way slides are displayed on the screen
and used to change between views, namely:
 Normal View,
 Slide Sorter View and
 Slide Show.

Normal View splits you screen into three major sections:

 Outline and Slides Tabbed Panes (left),
 Allow the user to easily view the presentation in outline format
(text), as well as a list of all the slides in the presentation.
 Slide pane (center), and
 Task Pane (right).
 Outline Tab - displays the text contained in your presentation for easy
editing.
 Slides Tab - displays a thumbnail of all slides and shows text and
graphics of the slide you're working on.

Click on the tabs to switch between the two views.

Slide Pane
 Located in the center of your screen which shows a large view of the
slide on which you are currently working.

Task Pane
  Allows you to select specific tasks in different categories and allows
you to quickly enhance your slides in a few steps.
 Provides quick access to the most common actions and features in
PowerPoint.

Slide Sorter View

 Let you see small versions (thumbnails) of all the slides you have
created.

Slide Show
 Let you see your final presentation electronically as it will appear to
an audience.
Esc key - used in returning to the view you were using previously.

Placeholders
 Use to hold the objects in your slide. You use placeholders to hold
text, clip art, and charts.
 Special places within a slide where you can add content.

Common Tasks Button

 Allow you to select the type of tasks you want to perform.

Slide Layout and Slide Design

 Organize layouts, design templates, and color schemes.
 When a design option is selected, slides are quickly updated with the
new look.

Vertical Splitter Bar

 Use to change the size of your panes by clicking and dragging it.

Minimize Button
 Use the Minimize button to remove a window from view.
 While a window is minimized, its title appears on the taskbar.

Maximize / Restore Button

 Use to cause a window to fill the screen or returns to its former size.

Close Button
 Use to exit the window and close the program.

Status Bar
 Displays slide position and the type of design in PowerPoint.
 It displays the following:
 number of the slide that is currently displayed,
  the total number of slides, and
 the name of the design template in use or the name of the
background

Taking advantage of the mouse’s left and right buttons in Slide Show:

Left-clicking: Moves you to the next slide or animation effect.

When you reach the last slide, you automatically return to your last view.

Right-clicking: Opens a pop-up menu.

You can use this menu to navigate the slides, add speaker notes, select a
pointer, and mark your presentation.

Hyperlinks are used when the user wants to a quick way to jump between
numbers of worksheets.
They are those underlined bits of text on the internet that lead to web
pages.
This feature also work in Word as well as in Excel.
How to do hyperlinks?
1. Mark text or picture that you want to insert hyperlink.
2. Click “Insert” in the menu, then hyperlink.
A dialogue box will appear.

Three basic features that provide accessibility and clarity to your

hyperlink:

Text to display

This is the actual text or word of choice that is actually seen which has a
hyperlink.
This can be observed by the change with its font color plus the underline
when you get back to your actual document.

Screen tip
Everything you write in the screen tip will display when you put mouse over
text, picture...which have hyperlink.

Address

This refers to that space where you can write the path to page, picture,
new document or something else by clicking the folders that contains the
file you want your hyperlink to be.

Reminder: The address of the hyperlink will be displayed in your document

if ever you forget to enter your text in the dialogue box.

Post-test: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Physical parts of the computer.
a. Software
b. Hardware
c. People ware
d. User
2. Function of the computer that accepts data.
a. Input
b. Output
c. Process
d. Storage
3. An electronic device that executes the instructions in a program.
a. Machine
b. Device
c. Calculator
d. Computer
4. Data which has been massaged into a useful form, like a complete
mailing address.
a. Software
b. Hardware
c. Data
d. Information
5. It is the heart of a network of computers or terminals.
 a. Server
b. Station
c. Micro computer
d. Main frame
6. Computers that are used for jobs that take massive amounts of
calculating, like weather forecasting, engineering design and testing,
serious decryption and economic forecasting.
a. Supercomputer
b. Mini computer
c. Micro computer
d. Main frame
7. What is the Internet?
a. A global network of computers and electronic devices
b. A global collection of different websites
c. A type of web browser
d. A folder on your computer that stores important files
8. Which of the following can you do online? Select all that apply.
a. Send and receive email and instant messages
b. Pay bills and manage bank accounts
c. Use search engines to find information
d. Watch movies and TV shows
9. The operating system for a computer does the following:
a. Manages the disks and files
b. Manages the computer's resources
c. Manages the computer's memory
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
10. Spooling helps because _____.
a. it is a more secure method of accessing data
b. print jobs go more smoothly with less stop and go
c. the computer is released to do other things while still printing
d. none of the above
11. A proprietary operating system is ____.
a. unique to a manufacturer
b. similar to those of other manufacturers
c. used by many different computer manufacturers
d. properly configured to operate
12. A computer's BIOS will ____
a. check for the presence of peripherals like mouse, sound card,
scanner
b. defragments the hard disk
c. be loaded first when the computer is powered on
d. none of the above
13. Windows versions before Windows 95 _____
a. are proprietary operating systems
b. are not operating systems at all
c. rely on DOS as the operating system
d. were the first successful graphical operating systems
e. both a and d
f. both b and c
g. a, b, c, and d
14. A backup program _____.
a. makes a copy of files you select.
b. returns you to the previous program
c. undoes the last change you made
d. none of the above
15. An operating system or other program that has reached end-of-life
in its life cycle will _____.
a. no longer work
b. still work but will not get new updates except for security
updates
c. still work but will not get any updates or support at all
d. automatically upgrade to the next newest version
16. When a computer is "swapping", it is _____.
a. moving data from the hard drive to a removable drive
b. moving data from memory to the swap file on the hard drive
c. moving data between registers in memory
d. none of the above
17. A computer virus can be _____.
a. annoying only
b. damaging to your data
c. copied without your knowledge onto removable drives used in
the infected computer
d. all of the above
18. A foreground task has more _____ than a background task.
a. Buffers
b. Microseconds
c. Registers
d. Time slices
19. True or False: When you create a Google account, you'll
automatically receive a Gmail account.
20. All are Google Applications except:
 a. Gmail
b. Calendar
c. Dictionary
d. Drive
21. True or False: You can create a Google sheet file inside Google
Drive.
22. True or False: Each Google Applications need a separate Google
Account from a single user.
23. It is commonly known as the brain of the computer.
24. It is the physical parts of a computer.
25. It is an unevaluated facts, figures and concepts.
26. It is a data that has gone through a process and have been
properly evaluated.
27. It is a type of a software that is being used by the computer.
28. It is a type of a software that is being used by the people.

For items 29 – 38 identify if the thing mentioned in each number below is

a hardware or a software.
29. LED TV
30. RAM
31. DVD-RW
32. Facebook
33. Windows 10
34. Microsoft Office
35. Touch Pad
36. Projector
37. E-book
38. Speaker

For items 39 to 48, identify the classification of each device based on their
function, write i for input device, o for output device, s for storage device
and io for input/output device.
39. Printer
40. Keyboard
41. Flash Drive
42. Track ball
43. Touch screen
44. Hard disk
45. Projector
46. Monitor
47. Scanner
48. CD-ROM

Write the equivalent application for the following:

 49. Google Sheets
50. Microsoft Word

References:
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en
https://www.livescience.com/
https://peda.net/kenya/ass/subjects2/computer-studies/
https://www.jegsworks.com
https://hiring.monster.com/
https://www.internetworldstats.com
https://www.britannica.com
https://www.computerhope.com
https://www.sciencedaily.com
https://www.internetsociety.org/internet/history-internet/
https://www.howtogeek.com/411808/what-is-g-suite-anyway/
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/googleaccount/creating-a-google-
account/1/
https://www.cloudwards.net/how-does-google-drive-work/
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Google-Docs
https://www.lifewire.com/google-sheets-4157491
https://www.lifewire.com/docs-4781554
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/g/google-sheets.htm
https://www.howtogeek.com/434570/the-beginners-guide-to-google-
forms/

Note: Announced assessment must be done every end of lessons or

modules.