Iot Trainer Kit Training For Vocational School Teachers As Preparation Towards The 4.0 Industry Era
Iot Trainer Kit Training For Vocational School Teachers As Preparation Towards The 4.0 Industry Era
Iot Trainer Kit Training For Vocational School Teachers As Preparation Towards The 4.0 Industry Era
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
Currently, the world is entering the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. In this era,
integration between devices using an internet connection is very important. This integration
is commonly called the Internet of things (IoT). IoT has influence in various aspects of life,
both in the fields of economy, politics, culture, art, and the world of education. In order to
prepare Indonesia to face these challenges, it requires qualified human resources supported
by education based on this technology as well. SMK as a vocational-based school should
have a big role in building human resources to face these challenges. In order to support
this, vocational school teachers must have the ability to support the topic of Internet of
Things. This is to produce human resources who have skills according to the times.
Therefore, various training and supporting equipment are needed to support vocational high
school teachers in learning about IoT, which is a new technology. Various studies have been
conducted to improve understanding in the field of Electrical Engineering. In (Islam et al.,
2010) has used the FPGA / embedded systems training kit to support postgraduate students
in short training in industry. In this paper, a kit that integrates software and hardware can
help students to understand difficult abstract concepts. In (Mariani et al., 2018), a
performance-based adaptive curriculum has been designed for robot training that will assist
operations. In this paper, a VR training kit was made for operation using a robot simulation.
Reka Elkomika-98
IoT Trainer Kit Training For Vocational School Teachers As Preparation Towards The 4.0 Industry Era
A review of student development using formulas and changing the highest score is obtained
from the test results of people who are experts in
Reka Elkomika- 49
Rahayu, et al.
their fields with the minimum score of ordinary people who do not understand at all about
robotics. Several other papers also discuss a trainer kit to facilitate the teaching-learning
process such as (Pérez et al., 2008) which makes a trainer kit to complement electronic
lessons, paper (Noronha et al., 2018) describes a trainer kit to learn in-depth learning
about FPGA, paper (Carullo et al., 2003) describes how to use a trainer kit to learning
about audio processing, paper (Svane et al., 2017) describes a framework for learning
about Arduino, (Cho, 2009) analyzes the educational impact of a trainer kit that has been
used as a learning medium. While papers (Luo et al., 2020) and (Kit, 2000) describe and
maximize the features of the trainer device. In (Hariyanto et al., 2019) a research was
carried out to build a prototype of the IoT trainer kit. The trainer kit integrates software,
communication modules and electronic hardware. In this paper, the temperature sensor
contained in the IoT trainer kit has been accurate so that the trainer kit can be more reliably
implemented as a learning medium. In this journal, the IoT trainer kit will be used as a
learning medium for training teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Cimahi. The author wants to know
the learning outcomes of the teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Cimahi after training using the IoT
trainer kit. It is hoped that after this research, learning outcomes and vocational school
teachers' understanding of IoT materials can be improved to face the new challenges of
industry 4.0. The results of research in this journal can be used for consideration for various
educational institutions, especially vocational education institutions, in selecting learning
media to support material understanding of the Internet of Things.
2. METHOD
This research was conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Cimahi, with a population of all teachers
at SMK Negeri 1 Cimahi, and the research sample was teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Cimahi who
attended the IoT Trainer kit training. The data retrieval steps in this journal are described in
Figure 1. Before the training was carried out, a sample of 25 students of the
Telecommunication Engineering Department of the Bandung State Polytechnic was
conducted first. It is assumed that these students have not yet gained an understanding of
IoT because they are still studying at the initial level in third semester.
Pre-test
Post-test
Reka Elkomika-99
IoT Trainer Kit Training For Vocational School Teachers As Preparation Towards The 4.0 Industry Era
O2: the final test (Post-test) which is carried out after the trainer uses learning media using
the IoT trainer kit is given.
1. Validity Tests
The validity test was carried out before the pre-test and post-test were carried out. The
validity test was carried out on students of Bandung State Polytechnic level 2 in semester 3
who were assumed to have no understanding of the Internet of Things. Level 2 students
have just studied various basic subjects, have not entered the core courses and the subjects
studied have not been integrated with one another. To calculate the validity of the
instrument by calculating the validity coefficient. The validity test uses the Product Moment
Correlation formula (Arikunto, 2002) as follows:
∑ ∑ ∑
√{ ∑ ∑ }{ ∑ ∑ }
Where:
rXY : correlation coefficient
X : each teacher's score on the question item
Y : the total score of all teachers
n : the number of teachers
The interpretation of the correlation coefficient in showing the level of validity (Arikunto,
2002) is shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Instrument Validity Criteria
Correlation Coefficient Validity Criteria
0,80 ≤ rxy < 1,00 Very high
0,60 ≤ rxy < 0,80 High
0,40 ≤ rxy < 0,60 Enough
0,20 ≤ rxy < 0,40 Low
0,00 ≤ rxy < 0,20 Very Low
2. Instrument Reliability Test
The reliability test aims to test the accuracy of the instrument in measuring what will
be measured. The reliability test in this journal uses the Kuder-Richardson 21 (K-R20)
formula (Arikunto, 2002) as follows:
Reka Elkomika-101
IoT Trainer Kit Training For Vocational School Teachers As Preparation Towards The 4.0 Industry Era
∑
( )( )
Where:
r11: Overall test reliability
Vt: Total variance
k: The number of question items
p: The proportion of subjects who answered the item correctly
q: The proportion of subjects who answered the item incorrectly
In finding the price of total variance (Vt) (Arikunto, 2002) it is calculated using the formula
below.
∑
∑
Where:
∑Y : Total Score
N : Total Respondent
The value of r11 is then compared with the value from the product moment table, if
r11> r table, then the instrument is declared reliable. Conversely, if r11 <rtabel, then the
instrument is declared unreliable. The interpretation of the degree of reliability (Arikunto,
2002) is shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Instrument Reliability Criteria
Correlation coefficient Reliability Criteria
0,80≤ r11 < 1,00 Very high
0,60 ≤ r11 < High
0,80 Enough
0,40 ≤ r11 < Low
0,60 Very Low
0,20 ≤ r11 <
0,40
0,00 ≤ r11 <
0,20
Where:
P: Difficulty index
B: the number of teachers who answered correctly
JS: the total number of teachers taking the test
The classification of the difficulty index (Arikunto, 2002) can be seen in Table 4.
1,00
If the TK score for a question gets lower, the problem is getting more difficult. A
question is said to have a good level of difficulty if the TK obtained from the question is
around 0.50 or 50%. Problems with a TK score of ≤0.10 are difficult questions, and those
with a TK score of ≥0.90 are too easy.
4. Distinguishing Test
The distinguishing power of a question symbolizes the ability of the question to distinguish
between participants in the training who can answer questions and participants who cannot.
The distinguishing power classification is in Table 5. The distinguishing power of a problem
can be calculated using the formula below.
D= - = -
Where :
D = Differentiation Index
= The number of participants in the top group
= The number of participants in the lower group
= The number of participants in the upper group who answered correctly
= The number of participants in the lower group who answered correctly
= The proportion of participants in the upper group who answered correctly
Figure 3. The IoT Trainer Kit Training in the data analysis technique using the data
normality test, hypothesis testing, and t-value test. SMKN 1 Cimahi.
Reka Elkomika-103
IoT Trainer Kit Training For Vocational School Teachers As Preparation Towards The 4.0 Industry Era
formed from the collected data (b) with the standard / standard normal curve (a). To
calculate the value of Chi-squared (Arikunto, 2002), several steps are carried out as
follows:
1. Determine the number of interval classes for normality testing using Chi-squared, then
the number of interval classes is adjusted to the standard normal curve, namely 6
interval classes.
2. Determine the length of the interval class (PK) PK = ((Largest data-Smallest data)) /
(Number of interval classes)
3. Create a data frequency distribution table as in Table 6.
Table 6. Frequency distribution table
Interval Fo Fh fo-fh (fo-fh)2
Where :
fo: the amount of data observed
fh: expected amount of data
8. T Test
This t test is carried out on the mean value of the pre-test and post-test as well as the
gain of the experimental group and the control group. The t test on the pre-test data aims to
test whether there are differences in the initial data collection. After the correlation
coefficient is known, a significance test is carried out to determine the validity of each
question. The significance test (Sugiyono, 2006) was carried out using formula below.
√
√
Where:
t : tcalculation
r : correlation coefficient
n : number of teachers
T test criteria by comparing the results tcalculation with ttable. If tcalculation > ttable , then the
question can be said to be valid. If tcount<ttable then the question item is said to be invalid.
ttable obtained from the degrees of freedom (dk) = n-2 and the level of significance (α) =
0,05.
The first step taken was making questions to test the validity, reliability, and discriminating
power. This trial was conducted to determine the feasibility of the research instrument to be
used as a data collection tool. The instrument used in this journal is a multiple choice
consisting of 40 questions with 5 choices. Details of the question material as in Table 7.
Of the forty questions, the validity, reliability and discriminating power tests were carried out
before they were implemented on the teachers of SMKN 1 Cimahi. The trick is to give these
questions to the 2nd level students at the Bandung State Polytechnic. It is assumed that
these students do not have an understanding of IoT. The test results from these students
were then processed to test the validity, reliability and discriminatory power.
Reka Elkomika-105
IoT Trainer Kit Training For Vocational School Teachers As Preparation Towards The 4.0 Industry Era
From the results of the calculation of the reliability test in this journal, it can be said
that the research instrument is declared reliable. This means that if this instrument is used
several times to measure the same object, it will produce the same data, where r11(0,89) >
rtable (0,553).
3. Difficulty Level Test Results
Test the difficulty level of the test questions for 5 choice multiple choice questions was
carried out to determine the level of difficulty of each item that had been declared valid. The
results of the difficulty level test can be seen in Table 10.
Table 10. Test Results of Problem Difficulty Level
Criteria Numbers of Question Question Number
Easy 2 38, 39
Medium 26 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, , 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15,
17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 30,
34, 35. 36, 37
Difficult 3 16, 23, 32
Average ( x ) 52,84
2. Post-test Results
The results of the post-test will provide a partial picture of the final abilities of the training
participants after obtaining the subject matter (treatment). The post-test results were
obtained
from a written test with the same type of test and the number of questions as the pre-test.
The post-test result data is described in Table 13.
Table 13. Post-test Result Data
Number of Samples 38
Average ( x ) 81,84
3. Cognitive Gain
Gain data obtained from the pre-test and post-test results of the training participants. The
next data analysis will then be carried out on the data gain. The gain data in this study are
listed in Table 14.
Table 14. Gain data obtained by training participants
Pre-test Postest Gain
50.39% 81.84% 31.45%
100
80
60
40
20
0
Pretest Postest Gain
The comparison of the pre-test and post-test results is in Figure 4. From this graph, it can be
seen that the average pre-test result of the training participants was 50.39%, while the post-
test average was 31.84%. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the use of the IoT
trainer kit is quite effective because of an increase in teacher learning outcomes in the
cognitive domain of 31.45%.
Reka Elkomika-107
IoT Trainer Kit Training For Vocational School Teachers As Preparation Towards The 4.0 Industry Era
confidence level, it is obtained x2 table = 11.07. Data can be stated as normal if χ2count>
2table. Therefore, the pre-test and post-test data were declared normal.
4. CONCLUSIONS
By using the IoT trainer kit in the cognitive domain, it can be said to be effective
because the average gain in learning outcomes in the cognitive domain of teachers is
31.45%. This is supported by material regarding software, hardware and communication
devices that have been well integrated in the IoT trainer kit and the accompanying jobsheet.
With significant results in IoT learning for these training participants, the IoT trainer kit is a
learning medium that is good enough to support material understanding of the Internet of
Things in the scope of Vocational Education.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thank you to SMK Negeri 1 Cimahi and all of its teachers, especially teachers who have
participated in the IoT Trainer kit training by Bandung State Polytechnic.
LIST OF REFERENCES
Arikunto, Suharsimi. (2002). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta : Rineka
Cipta.
Carullo, A., Parvis, M., & Vallan, A. (2003). An audio card-based kit for educational purposes.
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 52(3), 733–737.
Cho, S. Y. (2009). A virtual simulation package for Embedded System training and education.
2009 International Conference on Engineering Education, ICEED2009 - Embracing
New Challenges in Engineering Education, lCEED, 72–76.
Hariyanto, T., Rahayu, M., Satria, F., & Fadhlan, M. Y. (2019). Improving Temperature
Sensor Accuracy in the IoT Trainer Kit by Linear Regression Method. Proceedings of
the 2019 International Conference on Mechatronics, Robotics and Systems
Engineering, MoRSE 2019, December, 237–240.
Islam, S. Z., Jidin, R. Bin, Islam, S. Z., & Hamid, F. A. B. (2010). FPGA/Embedded system
training kit targeted to graduate students towards industry level short training. 2010
IEEE Education Engineering Conference, EDUCON 2010, 1159–1163.
Kit, I. T. (2000). PWM-CAD1: An. 00, 780–785.
Luo, C., Sit, M. K., Fan, H., Liu, S., Luk, W., & Guo, C. (2020). Towards efficient deep neural
network training by FPGA-based batch-level parallelism. Journal of Semiconductors,
41(2), 1–8.
Mariani, A., Pellegrini, E., Enayati, N., Kazanzides, P., Vidotto, M., & De Momi, E. (2018).
Design and Evaluation of a Performance-based Adaptive Curriculum for Robotic
Reka Elkomika-109
IoT Trainer Kit Training For Vocational School Teachers As Preparation Towards The 4.0 Industry Era