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 Abdul  December 30, 2016  LTE DriveTest Parameters ,  0 Comments

LTE Drive Test Parameters

Some important indicator LTE drive test parameters:

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1. RSRP : Reference Signal Received Power.
2. RSRQ : Reference Signal Received Quality. Difference between
3. RSSI : Received Signal Strength Indicator. and LTE
4. SINR : Signal to Interference Noise Ratio.
5. CQI : Channel Quality Index.
6. PCI : Physical Cell Identity.
5G Full notes, Archit
7. BLER: Block Error Ratio.
key Concepts, Featu
8. DL Throughput : Down Link Throughput.
Advantages and
9. UL Throughput : Up Link Throughput
Application of 5G

This is the common key performance parameters for LTE drive test parameter we have to work out for LTE drive test
task. 4G Optimization and
Analysis
1. RSRP:
RSRP – The average power received from a single Reference signal, and Its typical range is around -44dbm (good) to
-140dbm(bad). 5G New Radio(NR)
RSRP (dBm) = RSSI (dBm) – 10*log (12*N) de nitions

RSRQ – Why OFDMA not us

3G ?
Indicates

quality of the
received signal, Airtel’s 4G is now av
in the 900 MHz in P
and its range is typically -19.5dB(bad) to -3dB (good).
2. RSRQ:
LTE Drive Test Param

Urgent opening for

Optimization & Plan
Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) is defined as the ratio N×RSRP/(E-UTRA carrier RSSI),
Engineer for Oman
where N is the number of RB’s of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth.
Location
The measurements in the numerator and denominator shall be made over the same set of resource blocks.

3. RSSI: Network Topology T

RSSI – Represents the entire received power including the wanted power from the serving cell as well as all co-channel with Diagrams
power and other sources of noise and it is related to the above parameters through the following formula:

RSRQ=N*(RSRP/RSSI)
LTE Optimization Principle

Where N is the number of Resource Blocks of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth.
RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) is a parameter which provides information about total received wide-band
power (measure in all symbols) including all interference and thermal noise. RSSI is not reported to e-NodeB by UE. It WHAT IS YOUR EXPERIENCE
can simply be computed from RSRQ and RSRP that are, instead, reported by UE. LEVEL.?
RSSI = wideband power = noise + serving cell power + interference power
So, without noise and interference, we have that 100% DL PRB activity: RSSI=12*N*RSRP
Where:

 RSRP is the received power of 1 RE (3GPP definition) average of power levels received across all Reference Signal
symbols within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth
 RSSI is measured over the entire bandwidth
 N, number of RBs across the RSSI, is measured and depends on the BW

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4. SINR: HOME 5G LTE TUTORIAL TELECOM CODES RF ENGG JOBS NETWORKING HUB
SINR is the reference value used in the system simulation and can be defined:
 Wide band SINR
 SINR for a specific sub-carriers (or for a specific resource elements)
All measured over the same bandwidth!

RSSP vs RSRQ vs RSSI vs SINR

Below is a chart that shows what values are considered good and bad for the LTE signal strength values:

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4G Optimization and
Analysis
Reference Signals recap: OFDMA Channel Estimation

In simple terms the Reference Signal (RS) is mapped to Resource Elements (RE). This mapping follows a specific India bans 5G trials b
pattern (see to below). Huawei and ZTE
 So at any point in time the UE will measure all the REs that carry the RS and average the measurements to
obtain an RSRP reading.
 Channel estimation in LTE is based on reference signals (like CPICH functionality in WCDMA) A lady from Ericssio
Inspirational to all Te
 Reference signals position in time domain is fixed (0 and 4 for Type 1 Frame) whereas in frequency domain
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it depends on the Cell ID
 In case more than one antenna is used (e.g. MIMO) the Resource elements allocated to reference signals
LTE Optimization No
on one antenna are DTX on the other antennas Download
 Reference signals are modulated to identify the cell to which they belong

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Impact of serving cell power to RSRQ:

Example for noise limited case (no interference): If all resource elements are active and are transmitted with equal
power, then

 RSRQ = N / 12N = -10.8 dB for 1Tx

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 RSRQ = N / 20N = -13 dB for 2Tx taking DTX into account

HOME 5G LTE TUTORIAL TELECOM CODES RF ENGG JOBS NETWORKING HUB
(because RSRP is measured over 1 resource element and RSSI per resource block is measured over 12 resource elements).
Remember that RSSI is only measured at those symbol times during which RS REs are transmitted – We do not have to
take into the count DTx!!!
So, when there is no traffic, and assuming only the reference symbols are transmitted (there are 2 of them within the
same symbol of a resource block) from a single Tx antenna then the RSSI is generated by only the 2 reference symbols
so the result becomes

 RSRQ = N / 2N = -3 dB for 1Tx

 RSRQ = -6dB for 2Tx
SNR vs. RSRP

RSRP is measured for a single subcarrier, noisepower for 15KHz= -125.2dBm

 Noise figure = 7 dB
 Temperature = 290 K

Assumption: RSRP doesn’t contain noise power

Power Calculation Example

Lets try to calculate RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ for one very simple case of one resource block with 12 sub carriers and 0.5
ms in time domain. Let’s assume the power of reference symbols (shown by red square) and power of other symbols
carrying other data channels (shown by blue square) is same i.e. 0.021 watt Since RSRP is linear average of downlink
reference signal for given channel bandwidth therefore

RSRP = 10*log (0.021*1000) = 13.2 dBm

While RSSI is total received wide-band power. Therefore we have to add power of all 12 carriers in the given resource
block

RSSI = 10*log(0.021*1000)+10*log(12) = 24 dBm

RSRQ is now simple ratio of RSRP to RSSI with N=1

RSRQ = 10*log(0.021/(12*0.021)) = -10.79 dB

Understanding dBm vs dB

dB is ratio between two power values while dBm is used to express an absolute value of power. So when we mention
RSRP and RSSI we shall always use dBm since we are talking about absolute power values but we need to use dB with
RSRQ since it is the ratio of RSRP to RSSI

5. CQI:

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The Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) contains information sent from a UE to the eNode-B to indicate a suitable downlink
HOME
transmission data rate, i.e.,5G LTE TUTORIAL
a Modulation TELECOM
and Coding Scheme (MCS)CODES RFa ENGG
value. CQI is JOBS
4-bit integer and isNETWORKING
based on the HUB
observed signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the UE. The CQI estimation process takes into account the UE
capability such as the number of antennas and the type of receiver used for detection. This is important since for the
same SINR value the MCS level that can be supported by a UE depends on these various UE capabilities, which needs
to be taken into account in order for the eNode-B to select an optimum MCS level for the transmission. The CQI reported
values are used by the eNode-B for downlink scheduling and link adaptation, which are important features of LTE.
In LTE, there are 15 different CQI values randing from 1 to 15 and mapping between CQI and modulcation scheme, transport
block size is defined as follows (36.213)

6. PCI:
Cell ID sets the physical (PHY) layer Cell ID. This PHY-layer Cell ID determines the Cell ID Group and Cell ID Sector.
There are 168 possible Cell ID groups and 3 possible Cell ID sectors; therefore, there are 3 * 168 = 504 possible PHY-
layer cell IDs. When Cell ID is set to Auto, the demodulator will automatically detect the Cell ID. When Cell ID is set to
Manual, the PHY-layer Cell ID must be specified for successful demodulation.
The physical layer cell id can be calculated from the following formula:

PHY-layer Cell ID = 3*(Cell ID Group) + Cell ID Sector

When Sync Type is set to C-RS, the Cell ID Auto selection will be disabled, and Cell ID must be specified manually. This
is because the demodulator needs to know the values of the C-RS sequence to use for synchronization and because
Cell ID determines these values. See RS-PRS for more information.

7. BLER:
3GPP TS 34.121, F.6.1.1 defines block error ratio (BLER) as follows: "A Block Error Ratio is defined as the ratio of the
number of erroneous blocks received to the total number of blocks sent. An erroneous block is defined as a Transport
Block, the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of which is wrong."

8/9. DL/UL Throughput:

assume a 2×5 MHz LTE system. We first calculate the number of resource elements (RE) in a subframe (a subframe is 1
msec):
12 Subcarriers x 7 OFDMA Symbols x 25 Resource Blocks x 2 slots = 4,200 REs
Then we calculate the data rate assuming 64 QAM with no coding (64QAM is the highest modulation for downlink LTE):
6 bits per 64QAM symbol x 4,200 Res / 1 msec = 25.2 Mbps

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The MIMO data rate is then 2 x 25.2 = 50.4 Mbps. We now have to subtract the overhead related to control signaling
HOME
such as PDCCH and PBCH5G LTEreference
channels, TUTORIAL TELECOM
& synchronization CODES
signals, RF ENGG
and coding. JOBS
These are NETWORKING
estimated as follows: HUB

 PDCCH channel can take 1 to 3 symbols out of 14 in a subframe. Assuming that on average it is 2.5
symbols, the amount of overhead due to PDCCH becomes 2.5/14 = 17.86 %.
 Downlink RS signal uses 4 symbols in every third subcarrier resulting in 16/336 = 4.76% overhead for 2×2
MIMO configuration
 The other channels (PSS, SSS, PBCH, PCFICH, PHICH) added together amount to ~2.6% of overhead

The total approximate overhead for the 5 MHz channel is 17.86% + 4.76% + 2.6% = 25.22%.
The peak data rate is then 0.75 x 50.4 Mbps = 37.8 Mbps.
Note that the uplink would have lower throughput because the modulation scheme for most device classes is 16QAM in
SISO mode only.
There is another technique to calculate the peak capacity which I include here as well for a 2×20 MHz LTE system with
4×4 MIMO configuration and 64QAM code rate 1:

Downlink data rate:

 Pilot overhead (4 Tx antennas) = 14.29%
 Common channel overhead (adequate to serve 1 UE/subframe) = 10%
 CP overhead = 6.66%
 Guard band overhead = 10%

Downlink data rate = 4 x 6 bps/Hz x 20 MHz x (1-14.29%) x (1-10%) x (1-6.66%) x (1-10%) = 298 Mbps.
Uplink data rate:
1 Tx antenna (no MIMO), 64 QAM code rate 1 (Note that typical UEs can support only 16QAM)
 Pilot overhead = 14.3%
 Random access overhead = 0.625%
 CP overhead = 6.66%
 Guard band overhead = 10%

Uplink data rate = 1 * 6 bps/Hz x 20 MHz x (1-14.29%) x (1-0.625%) x (1-6.66%) x (1-10%) = 82 Mbps.
Alternative to these methods, one can refer to 3GPP document 36.213, Table 7.1.7.1-1, Table 7.1.7.2.1-1 and Table
7.1.7.2.2-1 for more accurate calculations of capacity.

To conclude, the LTE capacity depends on the following:

 Channel bandwidth
 Network loading: number of subscribers in a cell which impacts the overhead
 The configuration & capability of the system: whether it’s 2×2 MIMO, SISO, and the MCS scheme.

Throughput Troubleshooting

DL

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