ELECTRONIC • OLEODYNAMIC • INDUSTRIAL

EQUIPMENTS CONSTRUCTION
Via Parma, 59 – 42028 – POVIGLIO (RE) – ITALY
Tel +39 0522 960050 (r.a.) – Fax +39 0522 960259
e-mail: [email protected] – web: www.zapispa.it

EN
User Manual

ACE5
INVERTER
 Copyright © 1975-2011 Zapi S.p.A.
All rights reserved

The contents of this publication is a ZAPI S.p.A. property; all related authorizations are covered
by Copyright. Any partial or total reproduction is prohibited.

Under no circumstances will Zapi S.p.A. be held responsible to third parties for damage caused
by the improper use of the present publication and of the device/devices described in it.

Zapi spa reserves the right to make changes or improvements to its products at any time and
without notice.
The present publication reflects the characteristics of the product described at the moment of
distribution. The publication therefore does not reflect any changes in the characteristics of the
product as a result of updating.

is a registered trademark property of Zapi S.p.A.

NOTES LEGEND

4 The symbol aboard is used inside this publication to indicate an annotation or a

suggestion you should pay attention.

U The symbol aboard is used inside this publication to indicate an action or a

characteristic very important as for security. Pay special attention to the
annotations pointed out with this symbol.

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 Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................5
2 SPECIFICATION ...................................................................................................................6
2.1 ACE5 technical specifications.....................................................................................6
2.2 Block diagram .............................................................................................................6
3 SPECIFICATION FOR THE INPUT DEVICES FILLING UP THE INSTALLATION KIT.......7
3.1 Main contactor ............................................................................................................7
3.2 Microswitches .............................................................................................................7
3.3 Accelerator unit...........................................................................................................7
3.4 Other analog control devices ......................................................................................8
3.5 Speed feedback..........................................................................................................9
4 INSTALLATION HINTS.......................................................................................................10
4.1 Wires and fuses ........................................................................................................10
4.1.1 Connection cables ......................................................................................10
4.1.2 Fuse for I/O circuits.....................................................................................10
4.1.3 Fuse for power section................................................................................10
4.2 Installation of the hardware.......................................................................................11
4.2.1 Positioning and cooling of the controller .....................................................11
4.2.2 Connection of power cables........................................................................11
4.2.3 CAN connections and possible interferences .............................................12
4.2.4 I/O connections ...........................................................................................14
4.2.5 Connection of the encoder..........................................................................14
4.2.6 Main contactor and key connection ............................................................15
4.2.7 Insulation of truck frame..............................................................................16
4.3 Hardware protection and safety features..................................................................16
4.3.1 Protection features......................................................................................16
4.3.2 Safety features............................................................................................17
4.4 EMC..........................................................................................................................17
4.5 Various suggestions .................................................................................................19
5 OPERATIONAL FEATURES ..............................................................................................20
5.1 Diagnosis ..................................................................................................................20
6 DESCRIPTION OF CONNECTORS....................................................................................22
6.1 Connectors of the logic - Traction configuration .......................................................22
6.2 Connectors of the logic - Pump configuration...........................................................24
6.3 Description of power connections.............................................................................26
7 DRAWINGS .........................................................................................................................27
7.1 Mechanical drawing ..................................................................................................27
7.2 Connection drawing - Traction configuration ............................................................28
7.3 Connection drawing - Pump configuration................................................................29
7.4 Connection drawing - Combi configuration ...............................................................30
8 PROGRAMMING & ADJUSTMENTS USING DIGITAL CONSOLE...................................31
8.1 Adjustments via Console ..........................................................................................31
8.2 Additional programming tools ...................................................................................31
8.3 Description of Console & Connection .......................................................................32
8.4 Description of Standard Console Menu ....................................................................32
8.4.1 Traction configuration .................................................................................33
8.4.2 Pump configuration .....................................................................................34
8.5 Sequence for setting up the parameters...................................................................35

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 8.5.1 Traction....................................................................................................... 35
8.5.2 Pump .......................................................................................................... 36
8.6 OPTION and ADJUSTMENTS configuration............................................................ 37
8.6.1 Traction....................................................................................................... 37
8.6.2 Pump .......................................................................................................... 41
8.7 PARAMETER regulation .......................................................................................... 47
8.7.1 Traction....................................................................................................... 47
8.7.2 Pump .......................................................................................................... 48
8.8 TESTER: description of the functions....................................................................... 51
8.8.1 Traction....................................................................................................... 51
8.8.2 Pump .......................................................................................................... 52
9 OTHER FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................................... 55
9.1 Description of Console “SAVE” function................................................................... 55
9.2 Description of Console “RESTORE” function. .......................................................... 56
9.3 Description of “ALARMS” menu ............................................................................... 57
9.4 Description of Console “PROGRAM VACC” function............................................... 58
10 ACE5 DIAGNOSTIC – ALARM DESCRIPTION ................................................................. 60
10.1 Analysis of alarms for Traction controller ................................................................. 60
10.2 Analysis of alarms for Pump controller ..................................................................... 66
11 RECOMMENDED SPARE PARTS FOR INVERTER ......................................................... 71
12 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE TO BE REPEATED AT TIMES INDICATED......................... 72

APPROVAL SIGNS

COMPANY FUNCTION INITIALS SIGN

PROJECT MANAGER

TECHNICAL ELECTRONIC
MANAGER VISA

SALES MANAGER VISA

Publication N°: AFAZP0CB

Edition: May 2011

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1 INTRODUCTION
Within the ZAPIMOS family, the AC5 inverter is the model suitable for control of
motors with power above 20 kW (traction) or above 50 kW (pump). It has been
expressly designed for battery electric traction.
Typical applications are:
- Material Handling: counterbalanced with load larger than 5 tons
- GSE and push tractors

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2 SPECIFICATION

2.1 ACE5 technical specifications

Inverter for AC asynchronous 3-phase motors
Regenerative braking functions
Can-bus interface
Digital control based upon a microcontroller
Voltage:..................................................................... 36/48 V; 72/80 V; 96 V; 120V
Maximum current (36/48 V): .................................................... 1000 A (RMS) for 2'
Maximum current (72/80 V): .................................................... 1000 A (RMS) for 2'
Maximum current (96 V): ............................................................... 800 A (RMS) for
Maximum current (120 V): ............................................................. 750 A (RMS) for
Operating frequency: ......................................................................................8 kHz
External temperature range: .............................................................-30 °C ÷ 40 °C
Maximum inverter temperature (at full power): ............................................... 75 °C

2.2 Block diagram

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3 SPECIFICATION FOR THE INPUT DEVICES
FILLING UP THE INSTALLATION KIT
The ACE5 inverter need some external parts in order to work. The following
devices complete the kit for The following devices complete the kit for the
installation in a typical application.

4 The use of special devices to be connected to the inverter, has to discussed with
Zapi Technicians

3.1 Main contactor

The main contactor is a component of extreme importance for electrical safety.
It must be installed.
See connection diagram for more details.

The coil of the main contactor has to be connected between the pins PMC (A27)
and NMC (A26)
It can be driven in two ways:
- on/off control: the coil is driven with the full battery voltage.
- the coil is switched at high frequency (1 kHz) with a duty cycle around 60%;
this feature is useful to decrease the power dissipation of the contactor coil.
Each coil has a preferred way which has to be used to energize it.
The ACE5 supports both driving methods: a software parameter can switch
between on/off control and switching control.

3.2 Microswitches
- The microswitches must have a contact resistance lower than 0.1 ohm and a
leakage current lower than 100 µA.
- Under maximum load, the voltage drop between the key switch contacts
must be lower than 0.1 V.
- The microswitches send a voltage signal to the microprocessor when a
function request (for ex.: “forward” request) is made.
- Microswitches are used to send digital signals and thus are typically
connected to digital inputs.

3.3 Accelerator unit

The accelerator unit can consist of a potentiometer or an Hall effect device.
It should be in a 3-wire configuration, typically: positive supply, negative supply
and signal.

The main analog input CPOT (A16 Ampseal connector version) can read signals
ranging from 0 to 10 V.
Potentiometer value should be in the 0.5 – 10 kohm range; generally, the load

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 7/72

 should be in the 1.5 mA to 30 mA range. Faults can occur if it is outside this
range.

The Procedure for automatic potentiometer signal acquisition is carried out using
the Console. This enables adjustment of the minimum and maximum useful
signal level (PROGRAM VACC function), in either direction. This function is
unique when it is necessary to compensate for asymmetry with the mechanical
elements associated with the potentiometer, especially relating to the minimum
level. The sequence of procedure is described in the programming console
manual.

The two graphs show the output voltage from a non-calibrated potentiometer with
respect to the mechanical “zero” of the control lever. MI and MA indicate the point
where the direction switches close. 0 represents the mechanical zero of the
rotation.
The left hand graph shows the relationship of the motor voltage without signal
acquisition being made. The right hand graph shows the same relationship after
signal acquisition of the potentiometer.

3.4 Other analog control devices

Other devices, whose output is an analog signal, can be connected to the
inverter

1) Input CPOTB (A21 Ampseal connector) is an analog input, whose typical

application is is another analog input, whose typical application is for reading
a signal from a braking pedal (proportional braking).
The external device should be in a 3 wire. Potentiometer value should be in
the 0.5 – 10 kohm range. Generally, the load should be in the 1.5 mA to 30
mA range.
The CPOTB signal range is from 0 to 10 V.

2) Electric motors very often have a thermal sensor, which can be digital (on/off
sensor, normally closed) or analog. These sensor are 2-wire components in
the majority of cases.

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 In case the sensor is present it can be connected between the signal input
PTHERM (A25) and NTHERM (A24). See also chapter 8.4 for more
explanation.

4 Analog motor temperature sensors must be configured via software. Please

contact Zapi technicians for more details.

3.5 Speed feedback

The motor control is based upon the motor speed feedback. The speed
transducer is an incremental encoder, with two phases 90° degrees shifted.
The encoder can be of different types :
- power supply: +5 V or +12 V
- electric output: open collector (NPN or PNP), push-pull, line driver
- standard (A and B) or differential (A, A, B, B ) output
For more details about encoder installation see also chapter 4.2.5.

4 Note: The encoder resolution and the motor poles pair (the controller can
handle), is specified in the home page display of the handset showing following
headline:

AC5T2D ZP1.13

That means:
AC5T= AC-5 traction controller
(AC5P= AC-5 pump controller)
2 = motor’s poles pair number
D = 128 pulses/rev encoder

The encoder resolution is given by the last letter in the following list:
A = 32 pulses/rev
B = 64 pulses/rev
C = 80 pulses/rev
D = 128 pulses/rev

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4 INSTALLATION HINTS
In the following paragraphs you will find some boxes of different colours. They
mean:

4 These are information, useful for anyone is working on the installation, or a

deeper explanation of the content

U These are Warning boxes, they describe:

- operations that can lead to a failure of the electronic device or can be
dangerous or harmful for the operator;
- items which are important to guarantee system performance and safety

4.1 Wires and fuses

Before starting it is necessary to have the required material for a correct
installation. Otherwise a wrong choice of cables or other parts could lead to
failures/ misbehaviour/ bad performances.
4.1.1 Connection cables
For the auxiliary circuits, use cables of 0.5 mm² section.
For power connections to the motor and to the battery, use cables having section
in the 50÷70 mm² range (as a minimum).
The correct size depends on the average current of a typical operating cycle of
the application.
For the optimum inverter performance, the cables to the battery should run side
by side and be as short as possible.
4.1.2 Fuse for I/O circuits
Use a fuse for protection of the auxiliary circuits: normally this fuse is in series
with the key switch (see connection diagrams). Typical fuse rating is 6.3÷10A
and the voltage must be the same as the battery voltage.
4.1.3 Fuse for power section
We suggest to place a fuse to protect the power cables. Normally this fuse is
placed in the cable carrying the positive of the battery (see connection
diagrams).
The fuse rating depends on the average current of a typical operating cycle of the
application (and not on the controller current)
In case a single fuse is not enough for the application, two fuses in parallel can
be used (for example 2x355A instead of a single 700A fuse). The majority of
applications should be covered by fuses in the range 500÷700A.
The voltage rating must be the same (or larger) as the battery voltage.

4 Notice that the purpose of the power fuse is not to protect the power section of
the inverter. In case of short circuit a damage in the inverter will occur too quickly
and the fuse will not blow. The purpose of the fuse is to protect the power cables

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 in case the operating current rises too much.

U For Safety reasons, we recommend the use of protected fuses in order to

prevent the spread of fused particles should the fuse blows.

4.2 Installation of the hardware

U Before doing any operation, ensure that the battery is disconnected. When
all the installation is completed, start the machine with the drive wheels
raised from the floor to ensure that any installation error do not
compromise safety.
After operation, even with the Key switch open, the internal capacitors may
remain charged for some time. For safe operation, we recommend that the
battery is disconnected, and a short circuit is made between Battery
Positive and Battery Negative power terminals of the inverter using a
Resistor between 10 ohm and 100 ohm.

4.2.1 Positioning and cooling of the controller

Install the inverter with the base-plate on a flat metallic surface that has to be
clean and unpainted.
- Apply a light layer of thermo-conductive grease between the two surfaces to
permit better heat dissipation.
- Ensure that the wiring of the cable terminals and connectors is carried out
correctly.
- Fit transient suppression devices to the horn, solenoid valves, and contactors
not connected to the controller.
- The heat generated by the power block must be dissipated. For this purpose,
the compartment must be ventilated and the dissipating area has to be large.
- The size of heat sink material and system should satisfy the performance
requirement of the machine. Abnormal ambient air temperatures should be
considered. In situations where either ventilation is poor, or heat exchange is
difficult, forced air ventilation should be used.
- The thermal energy dissipated by the power block module varies and is
dependent of the current drawn and the duty cycle.
4.2.2 Connection of power cables
- The power cables length must be as short as possible to minimize power
losses.
- They must be tightened on controller power posts connection by using a
torque of 24-30 Nm.
- The ACE5 controller should only be connected to a traction battery. Do not
use converters outputs or power supplies. For special applications please
contact the nearest Zapi Service Centre.

U Do not connect the controller to a battery with a nominal voltage different

from the value indicated on the controller label. A higher battery voltage
may cause a failure of the power section. A lower voltage may prevent the

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 logic operating.

4.2.3 CAN connections and possible interferences

4 CAN stands for Controller Area Network. It is a communication protocol for real
time control applications. CAN operates at data rate of up to 1 Megabits per
second.
It was invented by the German company Bosch for the car industry. It permits
communication among the various electronic modules of a vehicle. The following
image shows the typical connection:

- The best cable for can connections is the twisted pair; if it is necessary to
increase the immunity of the system to disturbances, a good choice would be
to use a cable with a shield connected to the frame of the truck. Sometimes it
is sufficient a simple double wire cable or a not shielded duplex cable.
- In a system like an industrial truck, where power cables carry hundreds of
Amperes, there are voltage drops due to the impedance of the cables, and
this could cause errors on the data transmitted through the can wires. In the
following figures there is an overview of wrong and right layouts of the cables
routing.

U Wrong Layout:

R
Can Bus
Power cables

Module Module
1 2

Module
3
R

The red lines are can wires.

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 The black boxes are different modules, for example traction controller, pump
controller and a display connected by canbus.
The black lines are the power cables.

This is apparently a good layout, but can bring to errors in the canbus line.
The best solution depends on the type of nodes (modules) connected in the
network.
If the modules are very different in terms of power, then the preferable
connection is the daisy chain.

U Correct Layout:

R
Can Bus
Power cables

Module
Module
1
2

Module
3
R

Note: Module 1 power > Module 2 power > Module 3 power

The chain starts from the –BATT post of the controller that works with the highest
current, and the others are connected in a decreasing order of power.
Otherwise, if two controllers are similar in power (for example a traction and a
pump motor controller) and a third module works with less current, the best way
to deal this configuration is to create a common ground point (star configuration).

U Correct Layout:

R
Can Bus
Power cables

Module
Module
1
2

Center of the Ground connection

Module
3
R

Note: Module 1 power ≈ Module 2 power > Module 3 power

In this case the power cables starting from the two similar controllers must be as
short as possible. Of course also the diameter of the cable concurs in the voltage
drops described before (higher diameter means lower impedance), so in this last

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 example the cable between the minus of the Battery and the common ground
point (pointed by the arrow in the image) must be dimensioned taking into
account thermal and voltage drop problems.

4 Can advantages
The complexity of today systems needs more and more data, signal and
information must flow from a node to another. CAN is the solution to different
problems that arise from this complexity
- simplified design (readily available, multi sourced components and tools)
- lower costs (less and smaller cables)
- improved reliability (fewer connections)
- analysis of problems improved (easy connection with a pc to read the data
flowing through the cable).

4.2.4 I/O connections

- After crimping the cable, verify that all strands are entrapped in the wire
barrel.
- Verify that all the crimped contacts are completely inserted on the connector
cavities.

U A cable connected to the wrong pin can lead to short circuits and failure;
so, before turning on the truck for the first time, verify with a multimeter the
continuity between the starting point and the end of a signal wire.

For information about the mating connector pin assignment see the chapter
“description of the connectors”.
4.2.5 Connection of the encoder
1) ACE5 supports different types of encoder. To control an AC motor with Zapi
inverter, it is necessary to install an incremental encoder with 2 phases
shifted of 90°. The encoder power supply can be +5 or +12 V. It can have
different electronic output.

A1 positive of encoder power supply.

A2 negative of encoder power supply.
A13 phase A of encoder.
A22 phase A inverted (encoder with
differential output).
A14 phase B of encoder.
A23 phase B inverted (encoder with
differential output).

2) Connection of encoder with differential outputs; +5 V power supply .

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 3) Connection of encoder with open collector output; +5 V power supply .

4) Connection of encoder with open collector output: +12 V power supply .

U VERY IMPORTANT
When ordering the controller, It is necessary to specify to Zapi the type of
encoder used: power supply, electronic output and n° of pulses for
revolution. In fact the logic unit must be set in the correct way by Zapi.

4.2.6 Main contactor and key connection

- The connection of the main contactor can be carried out following the
following drawing.

- If a mechanical battery line switch is installed, it is necessary that the key

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 supply to the inverter is open together with power battery line; if not, the
inverter may be damaged if the switch is opened during a regenerative
braking.
- An intrinsic protection is present inside the logic when the voltage on the
battery power connection is much higher than the battery nominal voltage or
if the key is switched off before the battery power line is disconnected.
4.2.7 Insulation of truck frame

U As stated by EN-1175 “Safety of machinery – Industrial truck”, chapter 5.7,

“there shall be no electrical connection to the truck frame”. So the truck
frame has to be isolated from any electrical potential of the truck power
line.

4.3 Hardware protection and safety features

4.3.1 Protection features
ACE5 is protected against some controller injuries and malfunctions:
- Battery polarity inversion
It is necessary to fit a MAIN CONTACTOR to protect the inverter against
reverse battery polarity and for safety reasons.
- Connection Errors
All inputs are protected against connection errors.
- Thermal protection
If the controller temperature exceeds 75 °C, the maximum current is reduced
in proportion to the increase of temperature. At 100°C the motor current is
reduced to zero The temperature can never exceed 100 °C.
- External agents
The inverter is protected against dust and the spray of liquid to a degree of
protection meeting IP65.
- Protection against accidental Start up
A precise sequence of operations are necessary before the machine will
start.
Operation cannot begin if these operations are not carried out correctly.
Any requests for drive must be made after closing the key switch.
- Low battery charge
When the battery charge is low, the maximum current is reduced to the half
of the maximum current programmed.
- Wrong battery
The controller checks if the battery has a wrong nominal voltage, for example
if a 120V battery is connected to a 80V inverter. In case a wrong battery is
detected the main contactor is not closed to prevent damage to the power
section
- Transient overvoltage and undervoltage
During operation the battery voltage can vary a lot. If a lot of current is
absorbed, the battery voltage will drop while, during regenerative braking, it
will increase.
An hardware protection deactivates the power section and opens the main
contactor in case of large over- and undervoltages.
- See the description of the alarm “LOGIC FAILURE #1” in Chapter 10.

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4.3.2 Safety features

U ZAPI controllers are designed according to the prEN954-1 and EN13849 for
safety related parts of control system and to UNI EN1175-1 norm. The
safety of the machine is strongly related to installation; length, layout and
screening of electrical connections have to be carefully designed.
ZAPI is always available to cooperate with the customer in order to evaluate
installation and connection solutions. Furthermore, ZAPI is available to
develop new SW or HW solutions to improve the safety of the machine,
according to customer requirements.
Machine manufacturer holds the responsibility for the truck safety features
and related approval.

ACE5 inverter electronic implements an hardware safety circuit, which is able to

open the Main Contactor (MC) and the Electric Brake (EB) - and therefore to cut
the power line stopping the machine via HARDWARE, that is bypassing the
software control of the MC and EB.
This safety circuit is driven by "SAFETY" input. If safety input is connected to -
BATT, the "SAFETY" circuit is inactive; if the input is open, the "SAFETY" circuit
becomes active and, within a timeout, it is able to open the drivers of MC coil and
EB coil. The safety circuit is also periodically checked by the microcontroller: if
the microcontroller detects a failure in the "SAFETY" circuit, the microcontroller
itself will bring the machine in a safe status.
Suggested connection of "SAFETY" circuit:
- STAND-ALONE CONFIGURATION: it must be used only if there are other
controllers that can stop the system in case of failure.
- COMBI CONFIGURATION: in this case the pump controller acts as
supervisor, checking the traction controller functionality by the CANBUS. So it is
suggested to connect the "SAFETY" input of traction controller to a dedicated
output of pump controller, so that the pump controller can drive the traction safety
input and open the power line in case of malfunctioning of traction controller.

4.4 EMC

U EMC and ESD performances of an electronic system are strongly

influenced by the installation. Special attention must be given to the
lengths and the paths of the electric connections and the shields. This
situation is beyond ZAPI's control. Zapi can offer assistance and
suggestions, based on its years experience, on EMC related items.
However, ZAPI declines any responsibility for non-compliance,
malfunctions and failures, if correct testing is not made. The machine
manufacturer holds the responsibility to carry out machine validation,
based on existing norms (EN12895 for industrial truck; EN50081-2 for other
applications).

EMC stands for Electromagnetic Compatibility, and it represents the studies and
the tests on the electromagnetic energy generated or received by an electrical
device.
So the analysis works in two directions:

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 5) The study of the emission problems: disturbances generated by the device
and the possible countermeasure to prevent the propagation of that energy.
Different cases are: a) “conduction” issues when guiding structures such as
wires and cables are involved; b) “radiated emissions” issues when
electromagnetic energy propagates through the open space. In our case the
origin of the disturbances is the switching of the mosfets which are working
at high frequency and generate RF energy. Wires and cables have the key
role to propagate the disturbs because they works as antennas, so a
good layout of the cables and their shielding can solve the majority of the
emission problems.

6) The study of the immunity can be divided in two main branches: protection
from electromagnetic fields and from electrostatic discharge.
The electromagnetic immunity concern the susceptibility of the controller
with regard to electromagnetic fields and their influence on the correct work
made by the electronic device.
There are well defined tests whom the machine has to be exposed to.
These tests are carried out at determined levels of electromagnetic fields, to
simulate external undesired disturbances and verify the electronic devices
response.

7) The second type of immunity, ESD, concerns the prevention of the effects of
electric current due to excessive electric charge stored in an object. In fact,
when a charge is created on a material and it remains there, it becomes an
“electrostatic charge”. ESD happens when there is a rapid transfer from a
charged object to another. This rapid transfer has, in turn, two important
effects:
A) this rapid charge transfer can determine, by induction, disturbs on the
signal wiring and thus create malfunctions; this effect is particularly
critical in modern machines, where serial communications (canbus)
are spread everywhere on the truck and carry critical information.
B) in the worst case and when the amount of charge is very high, the
discharge process can determine failures in the electronic devices; the
type of failure can vary from an intermittently malfunction to a completely
failure of the electronic device.

U IMPORTANT NOTE: it is always much easier and cheaper to avoid ESD

from being generated, than to increase the level of immunity of the
electronic devices.

There are different solutions for EMC issues, depending on level of emissions/
immunity required, the type of controller, materials and position of the wires and
electronic components.

1) EMISSIONS. Three ways can be followed to reduce the emissions:

A) SOURCE OF EMISSIONS: finding the main source of disturb and work

on it.
B) SHIELDING: enclosing contactor and controller in a shielded box; using
shielded cables;
C) LAYOUT: a good layout of the cables can minimize the antenna effect;
cables running nearby the truck frame or in iron channels connected to
truck frames is generally a suggested not expensive solution to reduce
the emission level.

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 2) ELECTROMAGNETIC IMMUNITY. The considerations made for emissions
are valid also for immunity. Additionally, further protection can be achieved
with ferrite beads and bypass capacitors.

3) ELECTROSTATIC IMMUNITY. Three ways can be followed to prevent

damages from ESD:

A) PREVENTION: when handling ESD-sensitive electronic parts, ensure the

operator is grounded; test grounding devices on a daily basis for correct
functioning; this precaution is particularly important during controller
handling in the storing and installation phase.
B) ISOLATION: use anti-static containers when transferring ESD-sensitive
material.
C) GROUNDING: when a complete isolation cannot be achieved, a good
grounding can divert the discharge current trough a “safe” path; the
frame of a truck can works like a “local earth ground”, absorbing excess
charge. So it is strongly suggested to connect to truck frame all the
parts of the truck which can be touched by the operator, who is
most of the time the source of ESD.

4.5 Various suggestions

- Never connect SCR low frequency chopper with ASYNCHRONOUS
INVERTER because the ASYNCHRONOUS filter capacitors alter the SCR
choppers' work. If it is necessary to use two or more control units (traction +
lift. for ex.), they must belong to the ZAPIMOS family.
- During battery charge, disconnect ASYNCHRONOUS from the battery.

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5 OPERATIONAL FEATURES
- Speed control.
- Optimum behaviour on a slope due to the speed feedback:
- the motor speed follows the accelerator, starting a regenerative braking if
the speed overtakes the speed set-point.
- the system can perform an electrical stop on a ramp (the machine is
electrically hold on a slope) for a programmable time (see also chapter
8.6).
- Stable speed in every position of the accelerator.
- Regenerative release braking based upon deceleration ramps.
- Regenerative braking when the accelerator pedal is partially released
(deceleration).
- Direction inversion with regenerative braking based upon deceleration ramp.
- Regenerative braking and direction inversion without contactors: only the
main contactor is present.
- The release braking ramp can be modulated by an analog input, so that a
proportional brake feature is obtained.
- Optimum sensitivity at low speeds.
- Voltage boost at the start and with overload to obtain more torque (with
current control).
- The inverter can drive an electromechanical brake.
- Hydraulic steering function:
1) traction inverter
- the traction inverter sends a "hydraulic steering function" request to
the pump inverter on the can-bus line (see also Chapter 8.6).
- moreover, if the pump inverter is not present (for ex: tractor
application), the traction inverter can manage an "hydraulic steering
function" by driving a hydro contactor which drive an hydraulic
steering motor (pin A28, see also Chapter 8.6).
2) pump inverter
- the pump inverter manage an "hydraulic steering function". That is, it
drives the pump motor at the programmed speed for the
programmed time.
- High efficiency of motor and battery due to high frequency commutations.
- Self diagnosis.
- Modification of parameters through the programming console.
- Internal hour-meter with values that can be displayed on the console.
- Memory of the last five alarms with relative hour-meter and temperature
displayed on the console.
- Test function within console for checking main parameters.

5.1 Diagnosis
The microcontroller continually monitors the inverter and carries out a diagnostic
procedure on the main functions. The diagnosis is different in the four main
operational modes:
1) Diagnosis at start-up: watchdog circuit, current sensor, capacitor charging,
phase's voltages, contactor drives, can-bus interface. It also checks if the
switch sequence for operation is correct and if the output of accelerator unit
is correct.
2) Standby diagnosis: watchdog circuit, phase's voltages, contactor driver,

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 current sensor, can-bus interface.
3) During traction: watchdog circuits, contactor driver, current sensors, can-bus
interface.
4) Continuous diagnosis: temperature of the inverter, motor temperature.

The status of the internal diagnosis is provided in two ways:

1. the digital console can be used, which gives a detailed information about
any failure which can be present.
2. any failure code is also sent on the Can-Bus to other modules, for
example human interface modules like displays

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6 DESCRIPTION OF CONNECTORS

6.1 Connectors of the logic - Traction configuration

A1 +12V (+5V) Positive of encoder power supply: 5V or 12V output.
The output voltage must be configured by Zapi (there
is an internal jumper).
A2 ENC GND Negative of encoder power supply.
A3 PPOT Accelerator potentiometer positive: 5V or 12 V output.
The output voltage must be configured by Zapi (there
is an internal jumper). Keep load > 1 kΩ.
A4 SEAT SEAT input: it must be connected to the SEAT
microswitch. It is active high.
A5 FORWARD Forward direction request input: it must be connected
to the forward direction microswitch. It is active high.
A6 BACKWARD Backward direction request input: it must be connected
to the backward direction microswitch. It is active high.
A7 EX. HYDRO/ENABLE Exclusive hydro or accelerator enable function
input: it must be connected to the exclusive hydro
microswitch or to the accelerator enable switch. It is
active high. See also Chapter 8.6.
A8 PB Brake request input: it must be connected to the brake
pedal switch. It is active high.
A9 SR/HB Speed reduction (handbrake) input. It is active low
(switch opened). See also Chapter 8.6.
A10 BACKING FORW. Inching function, forward direction input: it must be
connected to the inching forward switch. It is active
high.
A11 BACKING BACK. Inching function, backward direction input: it must be
connected to the inching backward switch. It is active
high.
A12 SAFETY If not connected to -Batt the MC coil power output will
be disabled.
A13 ENC A Phase A of encoder.
A14 ENC B Phase B of encoder.
A15 NPOT Negative of accelerator unit. This pin is tested for wire
disconnection diagnosis.
A16 CPOT Analog input for accelerator potentiometer wiper.
A17 CAN T CAN termination; connect to CAN H (A18) to insert
120Ω CAN termination resistance.
A18 CAN H High level CAN-BUS voltage I/O.
A19 CAN L Low level CAN-BUS voltage I/O.
A20 NPOTB It is a ground reference.
A21 CPOTB Analog input for brake potentiometer wiper.
A22 ENC A* Phase A inverted of encoder (encoder with differential
output).

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 A23 ENC B* Phase B inverted of encoder (encoder with differential
output).
A24 NTHERM It is a ground reference.
A25 PTHERM Input for motor temperature sensor.
A26 NMC Output for driving the negative of main contactor coil. It
drives to –Batt. It can be on/off controlled or PWM
controlled. Maximum dc current is 1.5A at 36/48V, 0.5A
at 80V and above.
A27 PMC Positive of main contactor coil. It is equal to the key
voltage.
A28 NBRAKE Output for driving a brake or an hydraulic steering
contactor coil. It drives to –Batt. It can be on/off
controlled or PWM controlled. Maximum dc current is
1.5A at 36/48V, 0.5A at 80V and above.
A29 PBRAKE Positive of the electromechanical brake coil. It is equal
to the key voltage
A30 CM Common of FW / BW / SR / PB / SEAT / BACK. FW /
BACK. BW / EXCLUSIVE HYDRO / ENABLE
microswitches.
A31 MODE This input allows the customer to select the software
for traction or lifting application.
Configuration:
Open (not connected): it is a Traction inverter
Closed (connected with A35): it is a pump inverter
A32 PPOTB Brake potentiometer positive. It is the same voltage as
A3. Keep load > 1 kΩ.
A33 KEY Connected to the power supply through a microswitch
with a fuse in series.
A34 -BATT It is a ground reference.
A35 -BATT It is a ground reference.

B1 PCLRXD Positive serial reception.

B2 NCLRXD Negative serial reception.
B3 PCLTXD Positive serial transmission.
B4 NCLTXD Negative serial transmission.
B5 GND Negative console power supply.
B6 +12 Positive console power supply.
B7 FLASH It must be connected to B8 for the Flash memory
programming.
B8 FLASH It must be connected to B7 for the Flash memory
programming.

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6.2 Connectors of the logic - Pump configuration
A1 +12V (+5V) Positive of encoder power supply: 5V or 12V output.
The output voltage must be configured by Zapi (there
is an internal jumper).
A2 ENC GND Negative of encoder power supply.
A3 PPOT Lift potentiometer positive: 5V or 12 V output. The
output voltage must be configured by Zapi (there is an
internal jumper). Keep load > 1 kΩ.
A4 4 TH Fourth speed input: it must be connected to the 4th
speed microswitch. It is active high.
A5 LIFT ENABLE Request input for potentiometer-controlled lifting: it
must be connected to the lift enable microswitch. It is
active high.
A6 1 ST First speed input: it must be connected to the 1st
speed microswitch. It is active high.
A7 DIG IN Free digital input input. It is active high.
A8 3 RD Third speed input: it must be connected to the 3rd
speed microswitch. It is active high.
A9 2 ND Second speed input: it must be connected to the 2nd
speed microswitch. It is active high.
A10 HYDRO. Hydraulic steering request input. It is active high.
A11 SR. Speed reduction input: it must be connected to the
speed reduction switch It is active low (switch opened).
A12 SAFETY If not connected to -Batt the MC coil power output will
be disabled.
A13 ENC A Phase A of encoder.
A14 ENC B Phase B of encoder.
A15 NPOT Negative of lift unit. This pin is tested for wire
disconnection diagnosis.
A16 CPOT Analog input for lift potentiometer wiper.
A17 CAN T CAN termination; connect to CAN H (A18) to insert
120Ω CAN termination resistance.
A18 CAN H High level CAN-BUS voltage I/O.
A19 CAN L Low level CAN-BUS voltage I/O.
A20 NPOT-AUX It is a ground reference.
A21 CPOT-AUX Free analog input.
A22 ENC A* Phase A inverted of encoder (encoder with differential
output).
A23 ENC B* Phase B inverted of encoder (encoder with differential
output).
A24 NTHERM It is a ground reference.
A25 PTHERM Input for motor temperature sensor.
A26 NAUX Output for driving the negative of main contactor coil
(single pump configuration) or the negative of an
auxiliary load. It drives to –Batt. It can be on/off
controlled or PWM controlled. Maximum dc current is

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 1.5A at 36/48V, 0.5A at 80V and above.
A27 PAUX Positive of the main contactor coil or of the auxiliary
load. It is equal to the key voltage.
A28 NHYDRO Output for driving an hydraulic steering contactor coil. It
drives to –Batt. It can be on/off controlled or PWM
controlled. Maximum dc current is 1.5A at 36/48V, 0.5A
at 80V and above.
A29 PHYDRO Positive of the hydraulic steering contactor coil. It is
equal to the key voltage.
A30 CM Common of LIFT ENABLE / 1 ST / 2 ND / 3 RD / 4 TH /
HYDRO / SR microswitches.
A31 MODE This input allows the customer to select the software
for traction or lifting application.
Configuration:
Open (not connected): it is a Traction inverter
Closed (connected with A35): it is a pump inverter
A32 PPOT-AUX Auxiliary potentiometer positive. It is the same voltage
as A3. Keep load > 1 kΩ.
A33 KEY Connected to the power supply through a microswitch
with a fuse in series.
A34 -BATT It is a ground reference.
A35 -BATT It is a ground reference.

B1 PCLRXD Positive serial reception.

B2 NCLRXD Negative serial reception.
B3 PCLTXD Positive serial transmission.
B4 NCLTXD Negative serial transmission.
B5 GND Negative console power supply.
B6 +12 Positive console power supply.
B7 FLASH It must be connected to B8 for the Flash memory
programming.
B8 FLASH It must be connected to B7 for the Flash memory
programming.

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6.3 Description of power connections
View of the power bars:

-BATT Negative of the battery.

+BATT Positive of the battery.
U; V; W Connection bars of the three motor phases; follow this
sequence and the indication on the motor.

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7 DRAWINGS

7.1 Mechanical drawing

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7.2 Connection drawing - Traction configuration

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7.3 Connection drawing - Pump configuration

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7.4 Connection drawing - Combi configuration

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8 PROGRAMMING & ADJUSTMENTS USING
DIGITAL CONSOLE

8.1 Adjustments via Console

Adjustment of Parameters and changes to the inverter’s configuration are made
using the Digital Console.
The Console is connected to the “B” Molex Spox connector of the inverter.

8.2 Additional programming tools

Other tools are available to access the internal parameters and the other
settings. They are:
- PC console: it uses the same serial connection as the standard handset
- PC CAN console: similar to the previous software but it requires a CAN
connection
Both of them are PC-software which have to be installed in a computer.
Then, in order to use them, the computer must be connected to the Zapi inverter
via serial line or CAN.
They access the internal settings in the same way as the handset does: the
names of the parameters, alarm codes and all the other internal informations are
the same as if an handset is being used.
In general the PC-based tools provide larger flexibility than the standard Zapi
handset, especially if you have to review and modify many parameter settings.

4 If interested in one of these solutions, please contact Zapi for further information

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8.3 Description of Console & Connection

8.4 Description of Standard Console Menu

The following paragraph shows the structure of the parameter menu.

4 Special software versions may have additional parameters and setting. In this
case additional documentation will be provided.

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8.4.1 Traction configuration

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8.4.2 Pump configuration

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8.5 Sequence for setting up the parameters

When the "Key Switch" is closed, if no alarms or errors are present, the Console
Display will be showing the Standard Zapi Opening Display.
If the controller is not configured to your requirements, follow the sequence
detailed here following. Remember to re-cycle the Key Switch if you make any
changes to the controller’s configuration.

8.5.1 Traction
5) Select the Options required, See Chapter 8.6. In particular:
- Select and set the Battery voltage.
- Select the type of motor temperature sensor.
6) Confirm correct installation of all wires. Use the Console’s TESTER (Chapter
8.8) to assist.
7) Perform the accelerator signal acquisition procedure using the Console
“PROGRAM VACC”. Procedure is detailed on Chapter 9.4.
8) Set the "MAXIMUM CURRENT” Current, using the table on Chapter 8.7.
9) Set the Acceleration Delay requirements for the machine. Test the
parameters in both directions.
10) Set the FREQUENCY CREEP level starting from level 0.6 Hz. The machine
should just move when the accelerator microswitch is closed. Increase the
Level accordingly.
11) Set the Speed Reductions as required. Make adjustments to “CUTBACK
SPEED” parameter. Check the performance with the accelerator pedal totally
depressed. If the machine is a forklift, check the performance with and
without load.
12) RELEASE BRAKING. Operate the machine at full speed. Release the
accelerator pedal. Adjust the level to your requirements. If the machine is a
forklift, check the performance with and without load.
13) INVERSION BRAKING. Operate the machine at 25% full speed. Whilst
travelling INVERT the Direction Switch. Set a soft Level of Inversion Braking.
When satisfactory, operate the machine at Full Speed and repeat. If the
machine is a Forklift, repeat the tests and make adjustments with and without
load. The unloaded full speed condition should be the most representative
condition.
14) PEDAL BRAKING (If used). Operate the machine at full Speed. Release the
accelerator pedal and press the Pedal Brake. Set braking level to your
requirements.
15) Set “MAX SPEED FORW”.
16) Set “MAX SPEED BACK” (Reverse).
17) Make the choice for the truck behaviour on a slope (see chapter 8.4). If the
"Stop on ramp" option is ON, set the desired value of "auxiliary time"
parameter.

U Depending on the motor used it is necessary to set some parameters:

giving Zapi the motor curves it is possible to know the optimal setting in
order to the motor runs efficiently.

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8.5.2 Pump
1) Select the Options required, See Chapter 8.6. In particular:
- Select and set the Battery voltage.
- Select the type of motor temperature sensor
2) Confirm correct installation of all wires. Use the Console’s TESTER (Chapter
8.8) to assist.
3) Perform the lift signal acquisition procedure using the Console “PROGRAM
VACC”. Procedure is detailed on Chapter 9.4.
4) Set the "MAXIMUM CURRENT” Current, using the table in Chapter 8.7.
5) Set the Acceleration and Deceleration Delay requirements for the pump.
6) Set the “MIN SPEED UP” level starting from 0 Hz. The pump should just turn
when the request microswitch is closed. Increase the level accordingly.
7) Set the Speed Reductions as required. Make adjustments to “CUTBACK
SPEED”. Check the performance with the full request. Check the
performance with and without load.
8) Set “MAX SPEED UP” (max speed of pump motor).
9) Set “HYD SPEED FINE” to adjust the hydraulic steering speed (pump motor
speed when HYDRO function is requested).
10) Set “AUXILIARY TIME” (time delay before pump stops when an hydraulic
steering function request is switched off).

U Depending on the motor used it is necessary to set some parameters:

giving Zapi the motor curves it is possible to know the optimal setting in
order to the motor runs efficiently.

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8.6 OPTION and ADJUSTMENTS configuration
8.6.1 Traction
Using the CONFIG MENU of the programming console, the user can configure
the following functions (see "OPERATIONAL FEATURE" chapter for an
explanation of "hydraulic steering function"):

SUBMENU "SET OPTIONS"

1) HOUR COUNTER
- RUNNING: the counter registers travel time only.
- KEY ON: the counter registers when the "key" switch is closed.
2) BATTERY CHECK
- ON: the battery discharge level check is carried out; when the battery
level reaches 10%, an alarm is activated and the maximum current is
reduced to the half of the programmed value.
- OFF: the battery discharge level check is carried out but no alarm is
signalled.
3) CUTBACK MODE
- PRESENT: A9 input is managed as a cutback speed input.
- ABSENT: A9 input is managed as an handbrake input.
4) HYDRO KEY ON
- ON / OFF: if this option is programmed ON the traction inverter
manages an hydraulic steering function when the "key" is switched ON
(only if the "aux output #1" option is programmed as "hydro contactor" or
as "exclusive hydro").
5) STOP ON RAMP
- ON: the stop on ramp feature (truck electrically hold on a ramp) is
managed for a time established by "auxiliary time" parameter. After this
time, the behaviour depends on the "AUX OUTPUT #1" option setting
(see also the table at the end of this paragraph).
- OFF: the stop on ramp feature is not performed.
6) AUX OUTPUT #1
- BRAKE: A28 output drives an electromagnetic brake coil (see also the
table below).
- HYDRO CONT.: the inverter manages an hydraulic steering function
when the direction input or brake pedal input are active or a movement of
the truck is detected.
- EX. HYDRO: the inverter manages an hydraulic steering function
when the exclusive hydro input is active.
7) PEDAL BRAKING
- ANALOG: The mechanical brake pedal has a switch and a
potentiometer installed. When the accelerator is released and the pedal
brake is pushed the inverter performs an electrical braking whose
intensity is proportional to the brake pedal potentiometer. The minimum
intensity is established by the "Release braking" parameter, when the
brake pedal is slightly pressed (brake switch close but brake
potentiometer at the minimum). The maximum intensity is established by
the "Pedal braking" parameter when the brake pedal is fully pressed
(brake potentiometer at the maximum). In the middle positions, the
electrical braking intensity is a linear function between minimum and
maximum intensity.
- DIGITAL: The truck does not have a potentiometer installed on the
mechanical brake pedal, but only a microswitch; when the accelerator

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 pedal is released and the brake pedal is pushed (brake switch closed),
the inverter performs an electrical braking following "Pedal braking"
parameter.
8) SET TEMPERATURE
- DIGITAL: a digital (ON/OFF) motor thermal sensor is connected between
A24 and A25.
- ANALOG: an analog motor thermal sensor (like a KTY-84) is connected.
- NONE: no motor thermal sensor is connected.

4 In the standard configuration , the controller is set to read a motor temperature

sensor of the type KTY84-130 which is one of the most common sensors. This
setting cannot be modified by parameters. Please inform Zapi if a different
temperature sensor is going to be used.

9) AUX FUNCTION
- ON/OFF: if this option is programmed ON the traction inverter applies
maximum braking and traction torque.
10) ENABLE FUNCTION
- PRESENT: A7 input is managed as accelerator enable input.
- ABSENT: A7 input is managed as exclusive hydro input.
11) CHECK PUMP HYDRO
- ON/OFF: : if ON, it turns on the diagnosis of the CAN communication to a
pump module. In this case, if the traction inverter doesn’t receive any
messages by the pump inverter from the CAN-BUS line, the "CAN BUS
KO" warning appears on the traction and the maximum speed is reduced
down to 10%. The traction also checks via CAN that there aren’t alarms
in the pump. If pump is in alarm, the maximum speed is reduced down to
10%.

SUBMENU "ADJUSTMENTS"
1) SET POT BRK MIN
It records the minimum value of braking pedal potentiometer when the
braking pedal switch is closed; the procedure is similar to the "Program Vacc"
function (see chapter 9.4). This procedure must be carried out only if the
"Pedal braking" option is programmed as "Analog".
2) SET POT BRK MAX
It records the maximum value of braking pedal potentiometer when the
braking pedal is fully pressed; the procedure is similar to the "Program Vacc"
function (see chapter 9.4). This procedure must be carried out only if the
"Pedal braking" option is programmed as "Analog".
3) SET BATTERY TYPE
It selects the nominal battery voltage.
4) ADJUST BATTERY
Fine adjustment of the battery voltage measured by the controller.
5) THROTTLE 0 ZONE
It establishes a deadband in the accelerator input curve (see also curve
below).
6) THROTTLE X POINT
This parameter changes the characteristic of the accelerator input curve.
7) THROTTLE Y POINT
This parameter changes the characteristic of the accelerator input curve.

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 VACC MIN and VACC MAX are values programmable by the "Program Vacc"
function.
8) ADJUSTMENT #04
This parameter determines the motor temperature level at which the “Motor
temperature” alarm is signalled. The range is from 70 °C to 160 °C with 10 °C
steps. This parameter must be adjusted only if the “Set temperature” (menu
“Set option”) parameter is programmed “Analog”.
9) ADJUSTMENT #03
This parameter isn't used.
10) ADJUSTMENT #02
It adjusts the lower level of the battery discharge table.
11) ADJUSTMENT #01
It adjusts the upper level of the battery discharge table.

12) LOAD HM FROM MDI

For an explanation of this point see the MDI instrument handbook.
13) CHECK UP DONE
Turn it On when the asked Maintenance service has been executed to cancel
the CHECK UP NEEDED warning.
14) CHECK UP TYPE
This parameter set up a Maintenance hour-counter . It specifies the handling
of the CHECK UP NEEDED warning:
- NONE: No CHECK UP NEEDED warning.

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 - OPTION #1: CHECK UP NEEDED warning on the hand set after 300
hours.
- OPTION #2: Equal to OPTION#1 but performances are reduced down to
50% after 340 hours.
- OPTION #3: Equal to OPTION#2 but the truck definitively stops after 380
hours.
15) PWM ON MAIN CONT
- OFF: the inverter applies the battery voltage to the loads on the main
contactor coil.
- ON: the PWM reduces the voltage at the loads on the main contactor
coil down to 62% of the battery voltage.
16) PWM ON AUX OUT
- OFF: the inverter applies the battery voltage to the loads on the auxiliary
output.
- ON: the PWM reduces the voltage at the loads on the auxiliary output
down to 62% of the battery voltage.

STOP ON RAMP STRATEGIES

AUX STOP
OUTPUT ON A28 OUTPUT BEHAVIOUR ON A SLOPE
RAMP
-It drives the coil of an The truck is electrically hold on a
electromagnetic brake. slope; when the time set by
-The hydraulic steering function "auxiliary time" parameter is
request is sent to the pump elapsed the brake is applied and
BRAKE ON the 3-phase bridge is released.
inverter by the can-bus link.
Do not use this combination if
the negative brake is not
installed.
-It drives the coil of an The truck is not electrically hold
electromagnetic brake. on a slope, but comes down
-The hydraulic steering function very slowly; when the time set
request is sent to the pump by "auxiliary time" parameter is
inverter by the can-bus link. elapsed, the brake is applied
BRAKE OFF and the 3-phase bridge is
opened. Do not use this
combination if the negative
brake is not installed.
-It drives the coil of an hydraulic The truck is electrically hold on a
HYDRO steering contactor. slope; when the time set by
CONT. -The hydraulic steering function "auxiliary time" parameter is
ON
request is also sent to the pump elapsed, the truck comes down
inverter by the can-bus link. very slowly, till the flat is
reached.
-It drives the coil of an hydraulic The truck is not electrically hold
HYDRO OFF steering contactor. on a slope, but comes down
CONT. -The hydraulic steering function very slowly till the flat is
request is also sent to the pump reached.
inverter by the can-bus link.

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 -It drives the coil of an hydraulic The truck is electrically hold on a
EXCL. ON steering contactor. slope; when the time set by
HYDRO -The hydraulic steering function "auxiliary time" parameter is
request is also sent to the pump elapsed, the truck comes down
inverter by the can-bus link. very slowly, till the flat is
reached.
-It drives the coil of an hydraulic The truck is not electrically hold
EXCL. OFF steering contactor. on a slope, but comes down
HYDRO -The hydraulic steering function very slowly till the flat is
request is also sent to the pump reached.
inverter by the can-bus link.

8.6.2 Pump
Using the CONFIG menu of the programming console, the user can configure the
following functions.

SUBMENU "SET OPTIONS"

1) HOUR COUNTER
- RUNNING: the counter registers travel time only.
- KEY ON: the counter registers when the "key" switch is closed.
2) BATTERY CHECK
- ON: the battery discharge level check is carried out; when the battery
level reaches 10%, an alarm is signalled and the maximum current is
reduced to the half of the programmed value.
- OFF: the battery discharge level check is carried out but no alarm is
signalled.
Very important:
In the combi system (pump + traction), the battery discharge calculation for
the complete system is carried out by the traction inverter. The information
about the pump inverter consumption is sent on the can-bus line from the
pump inverter to the traction inverter. So the correct programming for the
"Battery check" option is:
- traction inverter: ON
- pump inverter: OFF.
3) SET TEMPERATURE
- DIGITAL: a digital (ON/OFF) motor thermal sensor is connected between
A24 and A25.
- ANALOG: an analog motor thermal sensor (like a KTY-84) is connected
between A24 and A25.
- NONE: no motor thermal sensor switch is connected.

4 In the standard configuration , the controller is set to read a motor temperature

sensor of the type KTY84-130 which is one of the most common sensors. This
setting cannot be modified by parameters. Please inform Zapi if a different
temperature sensor is going to be used.

SUBMENU "ADJUSTMENTS"
1) SET BATTERY TYPE
It selects the nominal battery voltage.
2) ADJUST BATTERY
Fine adjustment of the battery voltage measured by the controller.
3) THROTTLE 0 ZONE

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 It establishes a deadband in the accelerator input curve (see also curve
below).
4) THROTTLE X POINT
This parameter changes the characteristic of the accelerator input curve.
5) THROTTLE Y POINT
This parameter changes the characteristic of the accelerator input curve.

VACC MIN and VACC MAX are values programmable by the "Program
Vacc" function.
6) ADJUSTMENT #04
This parameter determines the motor temperature level at which the “Motor
temperature” alarm is signalled. The range is from 70 °C to 160 °C with 10 °C
steps. This parameter must be adjusted only if the “Set temperature” (menu
“Set option”) parameter is programmed “Analog”.
7) ADJUSTMENT #03
This parameter isn’t used.
8) ADJUSTMENT #02
It adjusts the lower level of the battery discharge table.
9) ADJUSTMENT #01
It adjusts the upper level of the battery discharge table.

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 10) LOAD HM FROM MDI
For an explanation of this point see the MDI instrument handbook.

Flow chart showing how to make changes to OPTION Menu.

AC5T2BF ZP1.00
1) Opening Zapi Menu. 80V 1000A 00000

2) Press Top Left & Right Buttons to enter SET % ' %

Menu. ' ' '

CONFIG MENU
3) The Display will show: SET MODEL. SET MODEL

4) Press ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN button until % ' '

SET MODEL Menu appears. ' ' '

CONFIG MENU
5) SET OPTIONS appears on the display. SET OPTIONS

' % '
6) Press ENTER to go into the SET MODEL Menu. ' ' '

HOUR COUNTER
7) The display will shows the first OPTION. RUNNING

8) Press ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN button until % ' '

desired OPTION appears. % ' '

BATTERY CHECK
9) Desired OPTION appears. OFF

10) Press SET UP or SET DOWN button in order to ' ' %

modify the changes. ' ' %

BATTERY CHECK
11) New OPTION appears. ON

' ' '

12) Press OUT to exit the Menu. ' % '

ARE YOU SURE?

13) Confirmation request appears. YES=ENTER NO=OUT

14) Press ENTER to accept the changes, or press ' % ' ' ' '
OUT if you do not accept the changes. ' ' ' ' % '

CONFIG MENU
15) SET OPTIONS Menu appears. SET OPTIONS

16) Press OUT again. Display now show the ' ' '
Opening Zapi Menu. ' % '

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 43/72

 Flow chart showing how to make changes to ADJUSTMENT Menu.

AC5T2BF ZP1.00
1) Opening Zapi Menu. 80V 1000A 00000

2) Press Top Left & Right Buttons to enter CONFIG % ' %

Menu. ' ' '

CONFIG MENU
3) The display will show: SET MODEL. SET MODEL

4) Press ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN button until % ' '

ADJUSTMENTS Menu appears. ' ' '

CONFIG MENU
5) ADJUSTMENTS appears on the display. ADJUSTMENTS

6) Press ENTER to go into the ADJUSTMENTS ' % '

Menu. ' ' '

BATTERY TYPE
7) The display will shows SET BATTERY TYPE. 48V

8) Press ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN button until the % ' '

desired parameter is reached. % ' '

TROTTLE 0 ZONE
9) The desired parameter appears. 3%

10) Press SET UP or SET DOWN button to modify ' ' %

the adjustment. ' ' %

TROTTLE 0 ZONE
7%

' ' '

11) Press OUT. ' % '

' % '
12) Press ENTER to confirm. ' ' '
13) Repeat the same from 5 to 12 points for the
other adjustments.

Page - 44/72 AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual

 Flow chart showing how to use the SET BATTERY TYPE adjustment.

AC5T2BF ZP1.00
1) Opening Zapi Menu. 80V 1000A 00000

2) Press Top Left & Right Buttons to enter CONFIG % ' %

Menu. ' ' '

CONFIG MENU
3) The Display will show: SET MODEL. SET MODEL

4) Press ROLL UP button until % ' '

ADJUSTMENTS Menu appears. ' ' '

CONFIG MENU
5) ADJUSTMENTS appears on the display. ADJUSTMENTS

6) Press ENTER to go into the ADJUSTMENTS ' % '

Menu. ' ' '

SET BATTERY TYPE

7) The display will show: SET BATTERY TYPE. 48V

8) Press SET UP to choose nominal value of the ' ' %

battery. ' ' '

SET BATTERY TYPE

9) New battery value appears. 80V

' ' '

10) Press OUT. ' % '

ARE YOU SURE?

11) Confirmation request appears. YES=ENTER NO=OUT

12) Press ENTER to accept the changes, or press ' % ' ' ' '
OUT if you do not accept the changes. ' ' ' ' % '

13) Press OUT. Display now shows the Opening ' ' '
Zapi Menu. ' % '

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 45/72

 Flow chart showing how to carry out ADJUSTMENT BATTERY operation by
console.

AC5T2BF ZP1.00
1) Opening Zapi Menu. 80V 1000A 00000

2) Press Top Left & Right Buttons to enter CONFIG % ' %

Menu. ' ' '

CONFIG MENU
3) The Display will show: SET MODEL. SET MODEL

4) Press ROLL UP button until ADJUSTMENTS % ' '

Menu appears. ' ' '

CONFIG MENU
5) ADJUSTMENTS appears on the display. ADJUSTMENTS

6) Press ENTER to go into the ADJUSTMENTS ' % '

Menu. ' ' '

SET BATTERY TYPE

7) The display will show the first OPTION. 80V

8) Press ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN button until % ' '

desired OPTION appears. % ' '

ADJUSTMENT BATTERY
9) ADJUST BATTERY appears. 82.1V

10) Press SET UP or SET DOWN button in order to

' ' %
increase or decrease respectively. Set the value ' ' %
read by an external meter.

ADJUSTMENT BATTERY
11) Battery value appears on the display. 84.5V

' ' '

12) Press OUT to exit the Menu. ' % '

ARE YOU SURE?

13) Confirmation request appears. YES=ENTER NO=OUT

14) Press ENTER to accept the changes, or press ' % ' ' ' '
OUT if you do not accept the changes. ' ' ' ' % '

CONFIG MENU
15) ADJUSTMENTS Menu appears. ADJUSTMENTS

16) Press OUT. Display now show the Opening ' ' '
Zapi Menu. ' % '

Page - 46/72 AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual

8.7 PARAMETER regulation
In addition to the input configuration, parameter modification is made directly by
ZAPI on customer specifications, or by the customer, making the adjustments
using the programming console.
8.7.1 Traction
The following parameters can be modified:

1) ACCELERATION DELAY
It determines the acceleration ramp. The parameter value (in seconds) sets
the time needed to speed up the motor from 0 to 100Hz.
2) RELEASE BRAKING
It controls the deceleration ramp when the travel request is released. The
parameter value (in seconds) sets the time needed to slow down the motor
from 100 to 0Hz.
3) INVERS. BRAKING
It controls the deceleration ramp when the direction switch is inverted during
travel. The parameter value (in seconds) sets the time needed to slow down
the motor from 100 to 0Hz.
4) PEDAL BRAKING
It determines the deceleration ramp when the travel request is released and
the brake pedal switch is closed. The parameter value (in seconds) sets the
time needed to slow down the motor from 100 to 0Hz.
5) SPEED LIMIT BRK.
Deceleration ramp when the pedal position is changed but not completely
released. The parameter value (in seconds) sets the time needed to slow
down the motor from 100 to 0Hz.
6) BRAKE CUTBACK
It determines the deceleration ramp when the speed reduction input becomes
active and the motor slow down. The parameter value (in seconds) sets the
time needed to slow down the motor from 100 to 0Hz.
7) MAX SPEED FORW
It determines the maximum speed in forward direction.
8) MAX SPEED BACK
It determines the maximum speed in backward direction.
9) CUTBACK SPEED
Speed reduction (percentage of the max speed) when the cutback switch is
active.
10) CURVE CUTBACK
Determines the speed reduction (percentage of the max speed) during a
steering movement and only if an electric steering control, like a Zapi EPS, is
present in the truck.
11) FREQUENCY CREEP
Minimum speed (in Hz) when the forward or reverse switch is closed, but the
accelerator is at its minimum position.
12) MAXIMUM CURRENT
This parameter changes the maximum current of the inverter. It is a
percentage of the current defined by factory settings.
13) BACKING SPEED
It determines the speed while the inching function is active.
14) BACKING TIME
It determines the time duration of the inching function.
15) AUXILIARY TIME
During the time, defined by this option, the truck is hold on the ramp if the

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 47/72

 "stop on ramp" option is ON.

The following table shows the different values at which the parameters can be
set.

PROGRAMMED LEVEL
PARAMETER UNIT
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
ACCELERATION DELAY (*) Sec. 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
RELEASE BRAKING (**) Sec. 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
INVERS. BRAKING (**) Sec. 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
PEDAL BRAKING (**) Sec. 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
SPEED LIMIT BRK. (**) Sec. 8.9 8.3 7.7 7.1 6.6 6.0 5.5 4.9 4.4 3.8
BRAKE CUTBACK (**) Sec. 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
MAX SPEED FORW Hz 65 80 95 110 125 140 155 170 185 200
MAX SPEED BACK Hz 65 80 95 110 125 140 155 170 185 200
CUTBACK SPEED %Max Sp 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
CURVE CUTBACK %Max Sp 0 10 21 33 44 55 66 78 89 100
FREQUENCY CREEP Hz 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0
MAXIMUM CURRENT %IMAX 47 53 58 64 70 76 82 88 94 100
BACKING SPEED Hz 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
BACKING TIME Sec. 0. 2 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.6 4.0
AUXILIARY TIME Sec. 0 1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5

(*) The acceleration time shown is the time from 0 Hz to 100 Hz. This is the
ideal ramp calculated by the software; the real ramp could change as a
function of motor control parameter setting and, obviously, as a function
of the load.
(**) The braking feature is based upon deceleration ramps. The value shown
in the table is the time to decrease the speed from 100 Hz to 0 Hz. This
is the ideal ramps calculated by the software; the real ramp could
change as a function of motor control parameter setting and, obviously,
as a function of the load.

After changing a parameter, press ENTER to confirm data when requested by

the message on the console. Parameters modified and optimized on one unit can
be stored by the console (SAVE) and then written (RESTORE) on another
inverter, thus allowing fast and standardized settings (see console manual for
details).
8.7.2 Pump
The following parameters can be modified:

1) ACCELER. DELAY
It determines the acceleration ramp. The parameter value (in seconds) sets
the time needed to speed up the motor from 0 to 100Hz.
2) DECELER. DELAY
It controls the deceleration ramp when the pump request is released. The
parameter value (in seconds) sets the time needed to slow down the motor
from 100 to 0Hz.

Page - 48/72 AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual

 3) MAX SPEED UP
It determines the maximum lifting speed with a potentiometer control.
4) MIN SPEED UP
It determines the minimum lifting speed with a potentiometer control when
the lifting enable switch is closed nut the lift potentiometer is at its minimum.
5) CUTBACK SPEED
Speed reduction (percentage of the max speed) when the cutback switch is
active.
6) 1ST SPEED FINE
Speed (in Hz) which is set when the “First speed” request is activated. It is
can be regulated with a 1Hz precision.
7) 2ND SPEED FINE
Speed (in Hz) which is set when the “Second speed” request is activated. It is
can be regulated with a 1Hz precision.
8) 3RD SPEED FINE
Speed (in Hz) which is set when the “Third speed” request is activated. It is
can be regulated with a 1Hz precision.
9) 4TH SPEED FINE
Speed (in Hz) which is set when the “Fourth speed” request is activated. It is
can be regulated with a 1Hz precision.
10) HYD SPEED FINE
Speed (in Hz) which is set when the hydraulic steering request is activated. It
is can be regulated with a 1Hz precision.
11) MAXIMUM CURRENT
This parameter changes the maximum current of the inverter. It is a
percentage of the current defined by factory settings.
12) AUXILIARY TIME
Time delay before switching off the hydraulic steering function after the
hydraulic steering request has been deativated.

The following table shows the different values at which the parameters can be
set.

PROGRAMMED LEVEL
PARAMETER UNIT
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
ACCELER. DELAY (*) Sec. 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.5 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.5
DECELER. DELAY (**) Sec. 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.5 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.5
MAX SPEED UP Hz 65 80 95 110 125 140 155 170 185 200
MIN SPEED UP Hz 0 13.5 15.0 16.5 18.0 19.5 21.0 22.5 24.0 25.5
CUTBACK SPEED %Max Sp 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
SPEED FINE (ALL) (***) Hz - - - - - - - - - -
MAXIMUM CURRENT %IMAX 47 53 58 64 70 76 82 88 94 100
AUXILIARY TIME Sec. 0 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

(*) The acceleration time shown is the time from 0 Hz to 100 Hz (maximum
selectable speed). This is the ideal ramp calculated by the software; the
real ramp could change as a function of motor control parameter setting
and, obviously, as a function of the load.
(**) The deceleration time shown in the table is the time from 100 Hz to 0
Hz. This is the ideal ramp calculated by the software; the real ramp
could change as a function of motor control parameter setting and,
obviously, as a function of the load.

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 49/72

 (***) Adjustable with a 1 Hz resolution in the 0 to 200 Hz range.

After changing a parameter, press ENTER to confirm data when requested by

the message on the console. Parameters modified and optimized on one unit can
be stored by the console (SAVE) and then written (RESTORE) on another
inverter, thus allowing fast and standardized settings (see console manual for
details).

Flow Chart showing how to make Programme changes using Digital Console.

AC5T2BF ZP1.00
1) Opening Zapi Display. 80V 1000A 00000

' % '
2) Press ENTER to go into the General Menu. ' ' '

MAIN MENU
3) The Display will show: PARAMETER CHANGE

4) Press ENTER to go into the Parameter Change ' % '

facility. ' ' '

ACCEL. DELAY
5) The Display will show the first parameter. LEVEL = 4

6) Press either ROLL UP and ROLL DOWN to % ' '

display the next parameter. % ' '

7) The names of the Parameter appears on the RELEASE BRAKING

Display. LEVEL = 5

8) When the desired Parameter appears, the

Display will show a Level Number that will be
' ' %
Between 0 and 9. Press either PARAM (Top Right) ' ' %
or SET (Bottom Right)buttons to change the Level
value.

RELEASE BRAKING
9) The Display will show the New Level. LEVEL = 6

10) When you are satisfied with the results of the ' ' '
changes you have made, press OUT. ' % '

ARE YOU SURE?

11) The Display asks “ARE YOU SURE?”. YES=ENTER NO=OUT

12) Press ENTER to accept the changes, or press

OUT if you do not wish to accept the changes and ' % ' ' ' '
wish to make further modifications to the ' ' ' ' % '
parameters.

MAIN MENU
13) The Display will show: PARAMETER CHANGE

Page - 50/72 AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual

8.8 TESTER: description of the functions
The most important input and output signals can be measured in real time using
the TESTER function of the console. The Console acts as a multimeter able to
read voltage, current and temperature. The following list shows these
measurements.
8.8.1 Traction
1) MOTOR VOLTAGE
This is the voltage supplied to the motor by the inverter; it is expressed as a
percentage of the full voltage (which depends of the battery voltage).
2) FREQUENCY
This is the frequency of the voltage and current supplied to the motor.
3) ENCODER
This is the speed of the motor, expressed in the same unit of the frequency;
this information comes from the speed sensor.
4) SLIP VALUE
This is the difference of speed between the rotating field and the shaft of the
motor, expressed in the same unit of the frequency.
5) CURRENT RMS
Root Mean Square value of the motor current.
6) TEMPERATURE
The temperature measured on the aluminium heat sink holding the MOSFET
devices.
7) MOTOR TEMPERAT.
This is the temperature of the motor; if the option is programmed "None" (see
chapter 8.6) it shows 0°.
8) ACCELERATOR
The voltage of the accelerator potentiometer's wiper (CPOT). The voltage
level is shown on the Left Hand Side of the Console Display and the value in
percentage is shown on the Right Hand Side.
9) FORWARD SWITCH
The level of the Forward direction digital entry FW.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.
10) BACKWARD SWITCH
The level of the Reverse direction digital entry BW.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.
11) ENABLE SWITCH
Status of the accelerator enable input.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.
12) SEAT SWITCH
The level of the Seat switch digital entry.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.
13) BACKING F.
Status of the inching function (forward direction) input.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.
14) BACKING B.
Status of the inching function (backward direction) input.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 51/72

 15) CUTBACK SWITCH
The level of the Speed Reduction Microswitch.
- ON / GND = active entry of speed reduction microswitch.
- OFF / +VB = non active entry of microswitch.
16) BRAKE SWITCH
The level of the Pedal Brake Microswitch.
- ON / +VB = active entry of Brake pedal Microswitch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of microswitch.
17) EXCLUSIVE HYDRO
Status of the exclusive hydro input.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.
18) BRAKEPEDAL POT.
The percentage of the pressure on the brake pedal (100% if the pedal is
totally pressed, 0% if the pedal is released).
19) HAND BRAKE
The level of the Handbrake Microswitch.
- ON / GND = active entry of Handbrake Switch (open switch).
- OFF/ +VB = non active entry of microswitch (closed switch).
20) VOLTAGE BOOSTER
This is the booster of the voltage supplied to the motor in load condition; it is
expressed in a percentage of the full voltage.
21) BATTERY VOLTAGE
Level of battery voltage measured at the input to the key switch.
22) BATTERY CHARGE
The percentage Charge level of the battery.
8.8.2 Pump
1) MOTOR VOLTAGE
This is the voltage supplied to the motor by the inverter; it is expressed as a
percentage of the full voltage (which depends of the battery voltage).
2) FREQUENCY
This is the frequency of the voltage and current supplied to the motor.
3) ENCODER
This is the speed of the motor, expressed in the same unit of the frequency;
this information comes from the speed sensor.
4) SLIP VALUE
This is the difference of speed between the rotating field and the shaft of the
motor, expressed in the same unit of the frequency.
5) CURRENT RMS
Root Mean Square value of the motor current.
6) TEMPERATURE
The temperature measured on the aluminium heat sink holding the MOSFET
devices.
7) MOTOR TEMPERATURE
This is the temperature of the motor; if the option is programmed "None" (see
chapter 8.6) it shows 0°.
8) ACCELERATOR
The voltage of the lift potentiometer's wiper (CPOT). The voltage level is
shown on the Left Hand Side of the Console Display and the value in
percentage is shown on the Right Hand Side.
9) LIFTING SWITCH
Status of the lifting switch.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.

Page - 52/72 AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual

 10) 1ST SPEED SWITCH
Status of the first speed switch of the pump.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.
11) 2ND SPEED SWITCH
Status of the second speed switch of the pump.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.
12) 3RD SPEED SWITCH
Status of the third speed switch of the pump.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.
13) 4TH SPEED SWITCH
Status of the fourth speed switch of the pump.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.
14) HYDRO SPEED REQ.
Status of the hydro speed request of the pump.
- ON / +VB = active entry of closed switch.
- OFF / GND = non active entry of open switch.
15) CUTBACK SWITCH
The level of the Speed Reduction Microswitch.
- ON / GND = active entry of speed reduction microswitch.
- OFF / +VB = non active entry of microswitch.
16) VOLTAGE BOOSTER
This is the booster of the voltage supplied to the motor in load condition; it is
expressed in a percentage of the full voltage.
17) BATTERY VOLTAGE
Level of battery voltage measured at the input to the key switch.
18) BATTERY CHARGE
The percentage Charge level of the battery.

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 53/72

 Flow Chart showing how to use the TESTER function of the Digital Console.

AC5T2BF ZP1.00
1) Opening Zapi Display. 80V 1000A 00000

' % '
2) Press ENTER to go into the General menu. ' ' '

MAIN MENU
3) The Display will show: PARAMETER CHANGE

4) Press ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN button until % ' '

TESTER MENU appear on the display. % ' '

MAIN MENU
5) The Display shows: TESTER

' % '
6) Press ENTER to go into the TESTER function. ' ' '

7) The first variable to be tested is shown on the MOTOR VOLTAGE

Display. %

8) Press either ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN buttons

% ' '
until your desired variable for measurement % ' '
appears on the Display.

' ' '

9) When you have finished, Press OUT. ' % '

FREQUENCY
10) The Display shows: Hz

11) Press OUT again and return to Opening Zapi ' ' '
Display. ' % '

MAIN MENU
TESTER

Remember it is not possible to make any changes using TESTER. All you can do
is measure as if you were using a pre-connected multimeter.

Page - 54/72 AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual

9 OTHER FUNCTIONS

9.1 Description of Console “SAVE” function

The SAVE function allows the operator to transmit the Parameter values and
Configuration data of the controller into the Console memory. It is possible to
load 16 different programmes.
The information saved in the Console memory can then be reloaded into another
inverter using the RESTORE function (Chapter 9.2).
The data that is available via the SAVE function is as follows:
- All Parameter Values (PARAMETER CHANGE).
- Options (SET OPTIONS).
- The Level of the Battery (ADJUST BATTERY).

Flow Chart showing how to use the SAVE function of the Digital Console.

AC5T2BF ZP1.00
1) Opening Zapi Display. 80V 1000A 00000

' % '
2) Press ENTER to go into the General menu. ' ' '

MAIN MENU
3) The Display will show: PARAMETER CHANGE

4) Press ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN button until % ' '

SAVE PARAM. appears on the display. % ' '

MAIN MENU
5) The Display will show: SAVE PARAM.

' % '
6) Press ENTER to go into the SAVE function. ' ' '

7) If this facility has been used before the type of

SELECT: MOD. 00
inverter data stored appears on the top Main with a FREE
2 digit reference.

8) Keep pressing either ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN

% ' '
keys until the second Main indicates a FREE % ' '
storage facility.

SELECT: MOD. 01
FREE

' % '
9) Press ENTER to commence SAVE routine. ' ' '

10) You can see the items that are being stored READING …
whilst the SAVE routine is happening. ACCEL. DELAY (ECC.)

MAIN MENU
11) When finished, the Console shows: SAVE PARAM

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 55/72

 12) Press OUT to return to the Opening Zapi ' ' '
Display. ' % '

9.2 Description of Console “RESTORE” function.

The RESTORE PARAM function allows transfer of the Console’s stored data into
the memory of the inverter. This is achieved in a fast and easy way using the
method previously used with the SAVE PARAM. function.
The data that is available via the RESTORE PARAM. function is as follows:
- All Parameter Values (PARAMETER CHANGE).
- Options (SET OPTIONS).
- The level of the Battery (ADJUST BATTERY).
ATTENTION: When the RESTORE operation is made, all data in the inverter
memory will be written over and replace with data being restored.

Flow Chart showing how to use the RESTORE function of the Digital Console.

AC5T2BF ZP1.00
1) Opening Zapi Display. 80V 1000A 00000

' % '
2) Press ENTER to go into the General menu. ' ' '

MAIN MENU
3) The Display will show: PARAMETER CHANGE

4) Press ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN button until % ' '

RESTORE PARAM. appears on the Display. % ' '

MAIN MENU
5) The Display will show: RESTORE PARAM.

6) Press ENTER to go into the RESTORE PARAM. ' % '

Function. ' ' '

7) The Display shows the type of Model stored, SELECT : MOD. 00

with a Code Number. AC5 ZAPI V1

8) Keep pressing either ROLL UP and ROLL

% ' '
DOWN buttons until the desired model appears on % ' '
the Display.

SELECT : MOD. 01
AC5 ZAPI V1

9) Press ENTER to commence the Restore ' % '

operation. ' ' '

10) The Display will ask “ARE YOU SURE?”. ARE YOU SURE?
YES=ENTER NO=OUT

' % ' ' ' '

11) Press ENTER for YES, or OUT for No. ' ' ' ' % '

Page - 56/72 AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual

 12) You can see the items that are being stored in
STORING
the inverter memory whilst the RESTORE routine is ACCELER. DELAY
happening.

MAIN MENU
13) When finished the Console displays: RESTORE PARAM.

14) Press OUT to return to the Opening Zapi ' ' '
Display. ' % '

9.3 Description of “ALARMS” menu

The microprocessor in the controller remembers the last five Alarms that have
occurred. Items remembered relative to each Alarm are:
1) the code of the alarm
2) the number of times the particular Alarm occurred
3) the Hour Meter count when the first alarm event has occurred
4) the controller temperature of the first alarm event.
This function permits a deeper diagnosis of problems as the recent history can
now be accessed.
If an alarm is continuously happening, the controller does not use new memory of
the logbook but it just updates the memory cell about that particular alarm.

Flow Chart showing how to use the ALARMS function via the Digital Console.

AC5T2BF ZP1.00
1) Opening Zapi Display. 80V 1000A 00000

' % '
2) Press ENTER to go into the General menu. ' ' '

MAIN MENU
3) The Display will show: PARAMETER CHANGE

4) Press ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN button until % ' '

PARAMETER CHANGE appears on the display. % ' '

MAIN MENU
5) The Display will show: ALARMS

' % '
6) Press ENTER to go into the ALARMS function. ' ' '

CODE
7) The Display will show the most recent Alarm. 00005 #02 20°C

8) Each press of the ROLL UP button brings up

% ' '
following Alarms. Pressing ROLL DOWN returns to % ' '
the most recent.

9) If an Alarm has not occurred, the Display will CODE

show: ALARM NULL. 00007 #03 18°C

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 57/72

 10) When you have finished looking at the Alarms, ' ' '
press OUT to exit the ALARMS menu. ' % '

CLEAR LOGBOOK?
11) The Display will ask “CLEAR LOGBOOK?”. YES=ENTER NO=OUT

' % ' ' ' '

12) Press ENTER for yes, or OUT for NO. ' ' ' ' % '

13) Press OUT to return to the Opening Zapi ' ' '
Display. ' % '

9.4 Description of Console “PROGRAM VACC” function

This function looks for and remembers the minimum and maximum potentiometer
wiper voltage over the full mechanical range of the pedal. It enables
compensation for non symmetry of the mechanical system between directions.
The operation is performed by operating the pedal after entering the PROGRAM
VACC function.

Flow Chart showing how to use the PROGRAM VACC function of the Digital
Console.

AC5T2BF ZP1.00
1) Opening Zapi Display. 80V 1000A 00000

' % '
2) Press ENTER to go into the General Menu. ' ' '

MAIN MENU
3) The Display will show: PARAMETER CHANGE

4) Press ROLL UP or ROLL DOWN button until % ' '

PROGRAM VACC appears on the display % ' '

MAIN MENU
5) The Display will show: PROGRAM VACC

6) Press ENTER to go into the PROGRAM VACC ' % '

routine. ' ' '

7) The Display will show the minimum and

VACC SETTING
maximum values of potentiometer wiper output. 4.8 4.8
Both directions can be shown.

8) Press ENTER to clear these values. Display will ' % '

show 0.0. ' ' '

9) Select Forward Direction, close any interlock MIN VACC MAX

switches that may be in the system. 0.0 - 0.0

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 10) Slowly depress the accelerator pedal (or tiller
butterfly) to its maximum value. The new minimum
and maximum voltages will be displayed on the
Console plus an arrow indicating the direction.

11) Select the Reverse Direction and repeat part MIN VACC MAX
10. 0.6 ↑ 4.4

' ' '

12) When finished, press OUT. ' % '

ARE YOU SURE

13) The Display will ask: “ARE YOU SURE?”. YES=ENTER NO=OUT

' % '
14) Press ENTER for yes, or OUT for NO. ' % '

MAIN MENU
15) When finished, the Console shows: PROGRAM VACC

16) Press OUT again to return to the Opening Zapi ' ' '
Menu. ' % '

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 59/72

10 ACE5 DIAGNOSTIC – ALARM
DESCRIPTION
The ACE5 controller carries out a continuous diagnosis activity in order to detect
any kind of failure.
In this chapter the types of alarm are listed: for each alarm possible failure
causes are described and a solution (if available) is suggested.

4 Notice that special software versions may have additional alarm codes. Please
ask Zapi for further information

U Be careful while to trying to repair a controller under alarm condition, even

if the alarm is quite simple. Possible malfunctions and unexpected
behaviour may arise.

U In case of an alarm regarding the power section, use all precautions to

avoid electric hazards before accessing the live parts of the controller.
Always remember to discharge the capacitors and disconnect the battery
before reparation/maintenance.

U Do not hesitate to contact Zapi technicians for help.

10.1 Analysis of alarms for Traction controller

1) WATCH DOG
The test is made in both running operation and in stand-by. It is a self-
diagnosing test within the electronic board. If an alarm should occur, the
controller must be replaced.
2) EEPROM KO
Fault in the area of memory in which the adjustment parameters are stored;
this alarm inhibits machine operation. If the defect persists when the key is
switched OFF and ON again, the controller must be replaced.

U If the EEPROM KO alarm disappears, remember that the parameters stored

previously have been cancelled and replaced by the default values!!

3) LOGIC FAILURE #1
This alarm signals that an undervoltage / overvoltage protection operation
has occurred. This alarms stops the controller operation and opens the MC.
Two possible reasons:
A) A real undervoltage / overvoltage situation happened. The alarm should
disappear by simply switching off and on again the key. The cause of the
undervoltage/overvoltage event has to be found on the application. For
example: a very strong regenerative braking has increased too much the

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 battery voltage.
B) Fault in the hardware section of the logic board which manages the
hardware protection. The controller must be replaced.
The activation of this alarm is regulated by internal voltage thresholds, which
depend on the nominal battery voltage. The list of these thresholds is the
following
• 36V/48V: undervoltage 15V ; overvoltage 65V
• 80V: undervoltage 30V ; overvoltage 115V
• 96V: undervoltage 34V ; overvoltage 125V
• 120V: undervoltage 40V ; overvoltage 152V
4) LOGIC FAILURE #2
Fault in the hardware section of the logic board which reads the feedback
signals of the phase' s voltages. This alarms stops the controller operation
and opens the MC. The controller must be replaced.
5) LOGIC FAILURE #3
Fault in the hardware section of the logic board which manages the hardware
current protection. This alarms stops the controller operation and opens the
MC. The controller must be replaced.
6) CHECK UP NEEDED
This is a warning, not a real alarm. It is an information for the user that the
programmed time for maintenance is elapsed.
7) INCORRECT START
This alarm signals an incorrect starting sequence. Possible causes:
A) microswitch failure;
B) error in sequence made by the operator;
C) incorrect or defective wiring;
Check all external cables and devices controlling the starting sequence. In
case the failure persists, replace the controller.
8) FORW + BACK
An alarm is signalled when a double running request is made simultaneously:
both forward and backward directions are selected. Possible causes:
A) microswitch failure;
B) error in sequence made by the operator;
C) incorrect or defective wiring;
Check all external cables and devices controlling the selection of the travel
direction. In case the failure persists, replace the controller.
9) HANDBRAKE
The truck does not start because the handbrake switch is opened. Possible
causes:
A) microswitch failure
B) error in sequence made by the operator;
C) incorrect or defective wiring;
Check the handbrake cable and switches. In case the failure persists,
replace the controller.
10) ENCODER ERROR
Two consecutive readings of the encoder speed are too much different:
because of the inertia of the system it is not possible the encoder changes its
speed a lot in a short period. The alarm is set to appear if the read speed
changes of more than 40 Hz in few milliseconds.
This alarm stops the power bridge.
Possible causes:
- an encoder failure has occurred (e.g. one or two channels of the encoder
are corrupted or disconnected). Check both the electric and the
mechanical encoder functionality.
- the electromagnetic noise on the sensor bearing disturbs the encoder

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 61/72

 signal. This event is quite common at low speed and very high motor
currents when the bearing is not shielded.
- the truck has encountered an high step or a wide hole on the road. The
abnormal movement of the wheel may trigger this alarm.
11) CAPACITOR CHARGE
When the key is switched ON, the inverter tries to charge the internal
capacitor bank through a power resistance, and it checks if the capacitor are
charged within a timeout . The following image shows the circuit which
charges the capacitors:

If the charging procedure is incorrect, an alarm is signalled and the main

contactor is not closed.
Possible reasons:
ƒ There is an external short circuit (or low-resistance path) between +Batt
connector and ground. This can prevent or slow down the charge. Check
the cables looking for wrong connections or cable dispersions to ground.
ƒ The charging circuit has a failure (for example the charging resistor is
opened). In this case the controller must be replaced.
ƒ There is a failure on the power modules which interfere with the
capacitor charging. The controller must be replaced.
Notice that this test is not carried out if the capacitor are already charged
when you switch on the controller.
12) VMN LOW, VMN HIGH
The test is carried out during initial diagnosis and in stand-by, when the
phase voltages has to be about half the voltage on the power capacitors (with
MC closed, each phase voltage is about half of the battery voltage).
An alarm condition is detected if a phase voltage is too close to ground (VMN
LOW) or to battery voltage (VMN HIGH).
The MC is opened and the controller is stopped if this alarm arises.
Possible causes:
A) problem with the motor connections or the motor power circuit; check if
the 3 phases are correctly connected; check if there's a dispersion of the
motor towards ground or towards battery;
B) failure inside the inverter power stage, replace it.
13) VACC NOT OK
The test is made in stand-by, when traction is not enabled yet. This alarm
says that the accelerator voltage is 1 V greater than the minimum value
programmed by the PROGRAM VACC function.
Unless this alarm is removed, any traction request will be ignored.
Possible causes:
A) the potentiometer is not correctly calibrated. Do the PROGRAM VACC
procedure;
B) the potentiometer is not correctly connected. Check the cables;
C) the potentiometer itself is defective. Check the potentiometer.
14) PEDAL WIRE KO
The inverter continuously checks the NPOT pin to find out if the

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 potentiometer has been disconnected. Inside the NPOT circuit there is a
sense diode, which is on only if the potentiometer is correctly connected
between PPOT and NPOT. If the controller detects the diode turn-off, the
alarm is signalled because either PPOT or NPOT are not connected
anymore.
Controller operation is prevented while this alarm is active.
Check the potentiometer cables if this alarm arises.
If the alarm persists, there is an internal failure and the controller must be
replaced.
15) PEDAL FAILURE
This alarm is activated if the accelerator analog signal (voltage on CPOT pin)
is out of range (too high or too small).
Controller operation is prevented while this alarm is active.
Possible causes:
ƒ the potentiometer has a failure, for example the wiper is mechanically
broken. Check the potentiometer
ƒ there is some problem in the connections. Check the wires.
There is an internal failure in the controller. Replace it.
16) STBY I HIGH
Test carried out in stand-by. The controller checks if the current in stand-by is
zero. If it is non-zero, this alarm is activated. The controller opens the MC
and it inhibits machine operations.
Possible causes:
A) current sensor failure;
B) logic board failure.
In both cases the controller must be replaced.
17) DATA ACQUISITION
This alarm is signalled in the current gain acquisition phase. Wait the end of
the acquisition activity.

4 The gain acquisition test can be carried out only by Zapi personnel or other
trained technicians!

18) MAIN CONTACTOR ALARMS

The main contactor has many diagnoses related to it. Here there is the
complete list.
Notice that all of these alarm cause the opening of the MC and the stop of all
functions of the controller.
- DRIVER SHORTED
When the key is switched ON, the controller checks that the NMC pin is
not at zero voltage. If it is, this alarm is signalled, MC stay open and any
function is prevented.
Possible causes are :
• Driver inside the NMC circuit is shorted. The controller has to be
replaced.
• An external short is present between NMC and ground. Check
the cables.
- CONTACTOR DRIVER
When all initial diagnoses are finished, the traction logic tries to closes
the MC by activating the NMC driver (NMC voltage is pulled towards –
Batt voltage). If the voltage at the NMC pin does not become low, this
alarm is signalled and any function is prevented.
This alarm is caused by an internal failure: the controller must be
AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 63/72
 replaced.
- CONTACTOR OPEN
The main contactor coil has been driven by the logic board (NMC has
become low), but the contactor does not close. Any function is prevented.
Two possible reasons:
A) the MC coil is damaged or it is rated to a voltage larger than the
voltage applied. Check the coil.
B) the two contacts of the contactor are not properly working, and they
cannot close. Check them.
- CONTACTOR CLOSED
AT start-up the controller checks if the MC contact is already closed
when the coil isn’t driven yet. The test is carried out by trying to discharge
the capacitor bank. If they don’t discharge, the failure condition is entered
and any function is prevented.
It is suggested to check the contactor contacts, in particular if they are
mechanically stuck or pasted.
Notice that this test isn’t carried out if, at start-up, the capacitor are
completely discharged.
19) AUX OUTPUT KO
The controller checks the driver inside the NEB pin. If the status of the driver
output does not correspond to the signal coming from the microcontroller, this
alarm is signalled, MC opens and all function are stopped.
Possible causes are:
• Presence of external shorts or misconnections. Check the EB coil
wire.
• There is an internal failure. Replace the controller.
20) COIL SHORTED
Inside the logic board there is a shunt in common with both the NMC and the
NEB output drivers. This shunt is used to detect overcurrent conditions in
these outputs: in case of an overcurrent event the NMC and ENB drivers are
stopped and this alarm is raised. Look for short circuit in parallel with the MC
and EB coils or if these coils have the correct impedance. If no short is
present and the alarm persists, the failure is internal to the controller, which
must be replaced.
The overcurrent detection circuit is checked at start-up too. If this test fails,
the alarm is raised. In this case, the failure is only internal to the logic board
and the controller must be replaced.
21) HIGH TEMPERATURE
This is a warning and not an alarm. It indicates that the controller
temperature is greater than 75 °C. The maximum current is reduced
proportionally to the temperature increase. The controller current drops to
zero at 100 °C.
If the alarm is signalled when the controller is cold there is an internal failure
and the controller must be replaced.
22) MOTOR TEMPERATURE
This warning is signalled if the motor temperature switch opens (digital
sensor) or if the analog signal overtakes the cut off level (defined by
ADJUSTMENT #4 parameter). The motor current is reduced to avoid any
damage to the motor. If it happens when the motor is cold, check the wiring.
If the wires are ok, replace the controller.
23) THERMIC SENSOR KO
The range of internal temperature sensor is always checked and a warning is
signalled if it is out of range. When this happens, the motor current is
reduced to half its max value.
This is an internal failure: replace the controller.

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 24) MOT. TH. SENSOR KO
This test is performed if the thermal sensor is analog: the range of the sensor
is always checked and a warning is signalled if it is out of range.
When this happens, the motor current is reduced to half its max value..
Check the integrity of the sensor and of its connections. If the sensor is ok
and the alarm persists, the controller must be replaced.
25) CAN BUS KO
The diagnosis of the CAN-BUS line is present only if the inverter uses this
link (it depends on the software version). It is signalled when the inverter
does not receive any message from the CAN-BUS line.
Possible causes are:
• CAN wiring disconnected or damaged, check them.
• Failure inside the external module which has to send the messages
that the inverter is waiting. Check any module connected via
CANbus.
• There is a problem inside the logic board, replace the controller.
26) SAFETY
This alarm is signalled when the SAFETY input is open. The "SAFETY"
circuit gets active and opens (via hardware control) the drivers of MC and
EB. Moreover any function of the controller is stopped.
This could happen because:
• This pin is not connected to ground level (single controller
configuration). Check the wires.
• The slave module has deactivated the output which holds the
SAFETY input at low level (master-slave configuration). Check the
slave controller and the connection between master and slave.
• The SAFETY input circuit has an internal failure. Replace the
controller.
27) SAFETY KO
This alarm is present on some software version, when a slave controller (the
pump in combi configuration) uses one of its outputs to drive the SAFETY pin
at low level. At start-up the “master” controller tests if the SAFETY input is
not active while the slave controller has not yet activated its driver: in this
way the master can detect the presence of a short circuit between SAFETY
pin and ground.
This alarm arises if a short is detected: the MC does not close and any
function is prevented. Possible causes:
• The SAFETY pin has an external short: check the wires
• The output driver of the slave module is shorted: check the slave
controller and replace it if necessary
• The internal SAFETY circuit has a failure: replace the master
controller.
28) BATTERY LOW
If the BATTERY CHECK parameter is set ON, a battery discharge algorithm
is executed. When the estimated charge level is 10%, this alarm is signalled
and the current is reduced to the half of the programmed level.
29) WRONG SET BATT.
When the key is turned ON, the controller check the battery voltage and
verifies it is within a window around the nominal value. If not, the MC does
not close and any operation is prevented. Replace the battery with a correct
battery.
30) WAITING FOR NODE
This warning is present on some software version. The controller, via
CANbus, waits some synchronization signal from an external module before
performing a particular action, for example closing the MC. If this signal is not

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 65/72

 received in time, the controller stays stuck in an idle state, showing this
warning. Verify the other modules to determinate in which of them there is
the problem.

10.2 Analysis of alarms for Pump controller

1) WATCH DOG
The test is made in both running operation and in stand-by. It is a self-
diagnosing test within the electronic board. If an alarm should occur, the
controller must be replaced.
2) EEPROM KO
Fault in the area of memory in which the adjustment parameters are stored;
this alarm inhibits machine operation. If the defect persists when the key is
switched OFF and ON again, replace the logic. If the alarm disappears,
remember that the parameters stored previously have been cancelled and
replaced by the default values.
3) LOGIC FAILURE #1
This alarm signals that an undervoltage / overvoltage protection operation
has occurred. This alarms stops the controller operation and opens the MC.
Two possible reasons:
A) A real undervoltage / overvoltage situation happened. The alarm should
disappear by simply switching off and on again the key. The cause of the
undervoltage/overvoltage event has to be found on the application. For
example: a very strong regenerative braking has increased too much the
battery voltage.
B) Fault in the hardware section of the logic board which manages the
hardware protection. The controller must be replaced.
The activation of this alarm is regulated by internal voltage thresholds, which
depend on the nominal battery voltage. The list of these thresholds is the
following
• 36V/48V: undervoltage 15V ; overvoltage 65V
• 80V: undervoltage 30V ; overvoltage 115V
• 96V: undervoltage 34V ; overvoltage 125V
• 120V: undervoltage 40V ; overvoltage 152V
4) LOGIC FAILURE #2
Fault in the hardware section of the logic board which reads the feedback
signals of the phase' s voltages. This alarms stops the controller operation
and opens the MC. The controller must be replaced.
5) LOGIC FAILURE #3
Fault in the hardware section of the logic board which manages the hardware
current protection. This alarms stops the controller operation and opens the
MC. The controller must be replaced
6) INCORRECT START
This alarm signals an incorrect starting sequence. Possible causes:
A) microswitch failure;
B) error in sequence made by the operator;
C) incorrect or defective wiring;
Check all external cables and devices controlling the starting sequence. In
case the failure persists, replace the controller.
7) ENCODER ERROR
Two consecutive readings of the encoder speed are too much different:

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 because of the inertia of the system it is not possible the encoder changes its
speed a lot in a short period. The alarm is set to appear if the read speed
changes of more than 40 Hz in few milliseconds.
This alarm stops the power bridge.
Possible causes:
- an encoder failure has occurred (e.g. one or two channels of the encoder
are corrupted or disconnected). Check both the electric and the
mechanical encoder functionality.
- the electromagnetic noise on the sensor bearing disturbs the encoder
signal. This event is quite common at low speed and very high motor
currents when the bearing is not shielded.
8) CAPACITOR CHARGE
When the key is switched ON, the inverter tries to charge the internal
capacitor bank through a power resistance, and it checks if the capacitor are
charged within a timeout . The following image shows the circuit which
charges the capacitors:

If the charging procedure is incorrect, an alarm is signalled and the main

contactor is not closed.
Possible reasons:
ƒ There is an external short circuit (or low-resistance path) between +Batt
connector and ground. This can prevent or slow down the charge. Check
the cables looking for wrong connections or cable dispersions to ground.
ƒ The charging circuit has a failure (for example the charging resistor is
opened). In this case the controller must be replaced.
ƒ There is a failure on the power modules which interfere with the
capacitor charging. The controller must be replaced.
Notice that this test is not carried out if the capacitor are already charged
when you switch on the controller.
9) VMN LOW, VMN HIGH
The test is carried out during initial diagnosis and in stand-by, when the
phase voltages has to be about half the voltage on the power capacitors (with
MC closed, each phase voltage is about half of the battery voltage).
An alarm condition is detected if a phase voltage is too close to ground (VMN
LOW) or to battery voltage (VMN HIGH).
The MC is opened and the controller is stopped if this alarm arises.
Possible causes:
A) problem with the motor connections or the motor power circuit; check if
the 3 phases are correctly connected; check if there's a dispersion of the
motor towards ground or towards battery;
B) failure inside the inverter power stage, replace it.
10) VACC NOT OK
The test is made in stand-by, when pump is not enabled yet. This alarm says
that the voltage of the lift potentiometer is 1 V greater than the minimum
value programmed by the PROGRAM VACC function.
Unless this alarm is removed, any pump request will be ignored.

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 67/72

 Possible causes:
A) the potentiometer is not correctly calibrated. Do the PROGRAM
VACC procedure;
B) the potentiometer is not correctly connected. Check the cables;
C) the potentiometer itself is defective. Check the potentiometer.
11) PEDAL WIRE KO
The inverter continuously checks the NPOT pin to find out if the
potentiometer has been disconnected. Inside the NPOT circuit there is a
sense diode, which is on only if the potentiometer is correctly connected
between PPOT and NPOT. If the controller detects the diode turn-off, the
alarm is signalled because either PPOT or NPOT are not connected
anymore.
Controller operation is prevented while this alarm is active.
Check the potentiometer cables if this alarm arises.
If the alarm persists, there is an internal failure and the controller must be
replaced.
12) STBY I HIGH
Test carried out in stand-by. The controller checks if the current in stand-by is
zero. If it is non-zero, this alarm is activated. The controller opens the MC
and it inhibits machine operations.
Possible causes:
A) current sensor failure;
B) logic board failure.
In both cases the controller must be replaced.
13) SEAT KO
This alarm may be present in combi systems (traction + pump). The pump
can use one of its digital input to read the status of the SEAT switch together
with the traction controller. Then master and slaves compare the two read
status via CAN messages. The alarm is signalled if a mismatch is found.
Check the connection of the SEAT switch to both master and slave. If no
failure is found, the problem is internal to the controller.
14) DATA ACQUISITION
This alarm is signalled in the current gain acquisition phase. Wait the end of
the acquisition activity.

4 The gain acquisition test can be carried out only by Zapi personnel or other
trained technicians!

15) MAIN CONTACTOR ALARMS

In the combi system (pump + traction) the main contactor is driven by the
traction inverter. So the following description concerns the pump inverter
when used independently from the traction inverter. In this configuration the
pump inverter manages its own main contactor.
Notice that all of these alarm cause the opening of the MC and the stop of all
functions of the controller.
- DRIVER SHORTED
When the key is switched ON, the controller checks that the NMC pin is
not at zero voltage. If it is, this alarm is signalled, MC stay open and any
function is prevented.
Possible causes are :
• Driver inside the NMC circuit is shorted. The controller has to be
replaced.
• An external short is present between NMC and ground. Check
the cables.
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 - CONTACTOR DRIVER
When all initial diagnoses are finished, the traction logic tries to closes
the MC by activating the NMC driver (NMC voltage is pulled towards –
Batt voltage). If the voltage at the NMC pin does not become low, this
alarm is signalled and any function is prevented.
This alarm is caused by an internal failure: the controller must be
replaced.
- CONTACTOR OPEN
The main contactor coil has been driven by the logic board (NMC has
become low), but the contactor does not close. Any function is prevented.
Two possible reasons:
A) the MC coil is damaged or it is rated to a voltage larger than the
voltage applied. Check the coil.
B) the two contacts of the contactor are not properly working, and they
cannot close. Check them.
- CONTACTOR CLOSED
AT start-up the controller checks if the MC contact is already closed
when the coil isn’t driven yet. The test is carried out by trying to discharge
the capacitor bank. If they don’t discharge, the failure condition is entered
and any function is prevented.
It is suggested to check the contactor contacts, in particular if they are
mechanically stuck or pasted.
Notice that this test isn’t carried out if, at start-up, the capacitor are
completely discharged.
16) AUX OUTPUT KO
The controller checks the driver inside the NEB pin. If the status of the driver
output does not correspond to the signal coming from the microcontroller,
this alarm is signalled, MC opens and all function are stopped.
Possible causes are:
• Presence of external shorts or misconnections. Check the EB coil
wire.
• There is an internal failure. Replace the controller.
17) COIL SHORTED
Inside the logic board there is a shunt in common with both the NMC and the
NEB output drivers. This shunt is used to detect overcurrent conditions in
these outputs: in case of an overcurrent event the NMC and ENB drivers are
stopped and this alarm is raised. Look for short circuit in parallel with the MC
and EB coils or if these coils have the correct impedance. If no short is
present and the alarm persists, the failure is internal to the controller, which
must be replaced.
The overcurrent detection circuit is checked at start-up too. If this test fails,
the alarm is raised. In this case, the failure is only internal to the logic board
and the controller must be replaced.
18) HIGH TEMPERATURE
This is a warning and not an alarm. It indicates that the controller
temperature is greater than 75 °C. The maximum current is reduced
proportionally to the temperature increase. The controller current drops to
zero at 100 °C.
If the alarm is signalled when the controller is cold there is an internal failure
and the controller must be replaced.
19) MOTOR TEMPERATURE
This warning is signalled if the motor temperature switch opens (digital
sensor) or if the analog signal overtakes the cut off level (defined by
ADJUSTMENT #4 parameter). The motor current is reduced to avoid any
damage to the motor. If it happens when the motor is cold, check the wiring.

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 69/72

 If the wires are ok, replace the controller.
20) THERMIC SENSOR KO
The range of internal temperature sensor is always checked and a warning is
signalled if it is out of range. When this happens, the motor current is
reduced to half its max value.
This is an internal failure: replace the controller.
21) MOT. TH. SENSOR KO
This test is performed if the thermal sensor is analog: the range of the sensor
is always checked and a warning is signalled if it is out of range.
When this happens, the motor current is reduced to half its max value..
Check the integrity of the sensor and of its connections. If the sensor is ok
and the alarm persists, the controller must be replaced..
22) CAN BUS KO
The diagnosis of the CAN-BUS line is present only if the inverter uses this
link (it depends on the software version). It is signalled when the inverter
does not receive any message from the CAN-BUS line.
Possible causes are:
• CAN wiring disconnected or damaged, check them.
• Failure inside the external module which has to send the messages
that the inverter is waiting. Check any module connected via
CANbus.
There is a problem inside the logic board, replace the controller.
23) SAFETY
This alarm is signalled when the SAFETY input is open. The "SAFETY"
circuit gets active and opens (via hardware control) the drivers of MC and
EB. Moreover any function of the controller is stopped.
This could happen because:
• This pin is not connected to ground level (single controller
configuration). Check the wires.
• Another module has deactivated the output which holds the SAFETY
input at low level (master-slave configuration). Check the module and
the connection between controllers.
• The SAFETY input circuit has an internal failure. Replace the
controller.
24) BATTERY LOW
If the BATTERY CHECK parameter is set ON, a battery discharge algorithm
is executed. When the estimated charge level is 10%, this alarm is signalled
and the current is reduced to the half of the programmed level.
25) WRONG SET BATT.
When the key is turned ON, the controller check the battery voltage and
verifies it is within a window around the nominal value. If not, the MC does
not close and any operation is prevented. Replace the battery with a correct
battery.
26) WAITING FOR NODE
This warning is present on some software version. The controller, via
CANbus, waits some synchronization signal from an external module before
performing a particular action, for example closing the MC. If this signal is not
received in time, the controller stays stuck in an idle state, showing this
warning. Verify the other modules to determinate in which of them there is
the problem.

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11 RECOMMENDED SPARE PARTS FOR
INVERTER
Part number Description

C16507 Protected 500 A strip Fuse.

C16505 Protected 355 A strip Fuse.

C16500 10A 20 mm Control Circuit Fuse

C29509 SW 200 80 V
Single Pole Contactor

C29532 SW 200 48 V
Single Pole Contactor

C12532 Ampseal Connector 35 pins Female

C12796 Female Ampseal pin harness side

AFAZP0CB - ACE5 INVERTER - User Manual Page - 71/72

12 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE TO BE
REPEATED AT TIMES INDICATED
Check the wear and condition of the Contactors’ moving and fixed contacts.
Electrical Contacts should be checked every 3 months.

Check the Foot pedal or Tiller microswitch. Using a suitable test meter, confirm
that there is no electrical resistance between the contacts by measuring the volt
drop between the terminals. Switches should operate with a firm click sound.
Microswitches should be checked every 3 months.

Check the Battery cables, cables to the inverter, and cables to the motor. Ensure
the insulation is sound and the connections are tight.
Cables should be checked every 3 months.

Check the mechanical operation of the pedal or tiller. Are the return springs ok.
Do the potentiometers wind up to their full or programmed level.
Check every 3 months.

Check the mechanical operation of the Contactor(s). Moving contacts should be

free to move without restriction.
Check every 3 months.

Checks should be carried out by qualified personnel and any replacement parts
used should be original. Beware of NON ORIGINAL PARTS.
The installation of this electronic controller should be made according to the
diagrams included in this Manual. Any variations or special requirements should
be made after consulting a Zapi Agent. The supplier is not responsible for any
problem that arises from wiring methods that differ from information included in
this Manual.

During periodic checks, if a technician finds any situation that could cause
damage or compromise safety, the matter should be bought to the attention of a
Zapi Agent immediately. The Agent will then take the decision regarding
operational safety of the machine.

Remember that Battery Powered Machines feel no pain.

NEVER USE A VEHICLE WITH A FAULTY ELECTRONIC CONTROLLER.

U IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT WASTE MANAGEMENT:

This controller has both mechanical parts and high-density electronic parts
(printed circuit boards and integrated circuits). If not properly handled
during waste processing, this material may become a relevant source of
pollution. The disposal and recycling of this controller has to follow the
local laws for these types of waste materials.
Zapi commits itself to update its technology in order to reduce the
presence of polluting substances in its product.

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