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Nscet E-Learning Presentation: Listen Learn Lead

This document contains information about models and theories for human-computer interaction. It discusses cognitive models including hierarchical task analysis (HTA) and the GOMS model. GOMS breaks tasks down into goals, operators, methods, and selection rules. The document also covers the cognitive complexity theory (CCT) model and socio-organizational issues to consider when implementing new computer systems. Finally, it discusses methods for capturing requirements such as stakeholder analysis, socio-technical modeling, soft systems methodologies, and participatory and contextual design.

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durai murugan
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45 views20 pages

Nscet E-Learning Presentation: Listen Learn Lead

This document contains information about models and theories for human-computer interaction. It discusses cognitive models including hierarchical task analysis (HTA) and the GOMS model. GOMS breaks tasks down into goals, operators, methods, and selection rules. The document also covers the cognitive complexity theory (CCT) model and socio-organizational issues to consider when implementing new computer systems. Finally, it discusses methods for capturing requirements such as stakeholder analysis, socio-technical modeling, soft systems methodologies, and participatory and contextual design.

Uploaded by

durai murugan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

NSCET

E-LEARNING
PRESENTATION
LISTEN … LEARN… LEAD…

Department of CSE Page 1 of 20 NSCET


COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

IV YEAR / VII SEMESTER

CS8079 – HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION

K ARUNJUNAI KARTHICK B.Tech.,M.E.,


AP/CSE
Nadar Saraswathi College of Engineering & Technology,
Vadapudupatti, Annanji (po), Theni – 625531.

Department of CSE Page 2 of 20 NSCET


MODELS & THEORIES
UNIT 03

Department of CSE Page 3 of 20 NSCET


Cognitive Models
• Types
• Hierarchical Representation of User’s task and goal
structure
• Linguistic and Grammatical Models
• Physical and Device Level Models
• HTA
• GOMS
• Goals , Operators, Methods and Selction
• CCT : Cognitive Complexity Theory

Department of CSE Page 4 of 20 NSCET


GOMS
• Goals : what to achieve
• Operators: Activities
• Methods: Sub goals
• Selection: Rules

• predictive models of human performance


• to improve the efficiency of human-machine
interaction by identifying and eliminating
unnecessary user actions

Department of CSE Page 5 of 20 NSCET


Department of CSE Page 6 of 20 NSCET
CCT
• Goal Hierarchy is represented in the form of
production rules
• Production rules are a sequence of rules : stored
in Long Term Memory
• IF condition Then Action
• Condition is a statement about the content of
Working Memory
Ex:
If Speed breaker then Slow Down – Production Rule
Problem:
You drive a car, You see a speed breaker
Sensory Memory transferred this to Working Memory
Since the condition is true , the Production rule is fired

Department of CSE Page 7 of 20 NSCET


Socio Organizational Issues
• Organization issues affect the acceptance of a new
system introduce in an organization
• These Issues Make / Break a System
• Before Installing a new system into an organization
• Who Benefits?
• Who puts in efforts?
• The balance of power in the organisation and
how it will be affected

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• Issues:
• Cooperation or Conflict?
• Cooperate user’s work or conflict with the envrn.
• Ex: students Attendance Monitoring System
• Changing Power Structure
• System may affect the mgmt. hierarchy
• Hierarchy : CEO->Mgrs-> Heads->Employees
• Ex: Email application
• The invisible Worker
• Employees are distributed over different cities
• Telecommunications : flexible family commitments, no travel, home
based work
• Managerial pbms only

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• Who Benefits?
• Benefits for all
• Who puts efforts == who gets benefits
• Ex1: Shared diary
• PA – enter data & Mgr-easy to arrange meeting
• Ex2: online feedback system
• Solution:
• Coerce use & symmetry in design
• Free Rider Problem
• Use the services without paying /working
• System fall into disuse
• No bias
• Solution: Strict Protocols

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• Critical mass
• Refers a size- company need to reach it in order to participate in the
market efficiently & compettitvely
• CM is determined by its resources, staffs, revenues and market share

• Automating Processes – Workflow and BPR


• Must Reduce paperwork
• Business process reengineering

• Evaluating the Benefits


• Measure the benefits
• Tedious: Information flow & Job satisfaction
• Economic benefits
• Cost of hardware and software : measurable

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Capturing Requirements
• Need to identify the requirements
• Need to Know
• Stakeholders
• Work group :group of people work together
• Organizational context : firm size. managerial structure,
• Approaches
• Socio technical Modelling
• Soft system Modelling
• Participatory design
• Contextual inquiry

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Stakeholders
• Stakeholder is anyone who affected by the success
or failure of the system
• Categories of stakeholders
• Primary : uses the system
• Secondary : receives output / provides input
• Teritary : No direct involvement. But affected by the
success/failure
• Facilitating : involved I design, development & maintenance
Example: Air line reservation system
• Airline booking staff,
• Customer & Mgmt
• Competitors
• Design team

Department of CSE Page 13 of 20 NSCET


Socio Technical Modelling
• Focus on Technical, social, human aspects
• Identify & Describes the information : Document
Custom Methodologies Open System Task Analysis (OSTA)

6 Stages 8 Stages
Organizational Context Primary Objective-> user’s goals
Stakeholders Input to the system
Workgroup External Environment(Physical, economical,
political)
Task Objective Pairs Transformation process
Identify the Stakeholder Social system : workgroup, stakeholder
Needs Technical System : config. Integration
Consolidate the Performance satisfaction criteria
Stakeholder requirements Specified New technical system
Department of CSE Page 14 of 20 NSCET
Soft System methodologies
• Understand the situation fully
Soft System Methodologies 6 Stages
Definition of Problem Situation – Recognize the problem,
describe it
Detailed Description of Problem Solution
Root Definition for the system - CATWOE- Client, Actor,
Transformation, World View, Owner, Environment

Conceptual Models
Compare conceptual Model with Problem Solutions
Feasible Changes
Actions required for changes
Department of CSE Page 15 of 20 NSCET
Participatory Design
• Whole design Cycle
• User is the Member of the design team
• Iterative Design Process
• Refine requirements
• Characteristics
• Improve the work Environment
• Collaboration
• Interactive approach
• Methods
• Brainstorming, Story Boarding
• Workshops, Pencil & Paper Exercises
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Ethnographic Methodology
• Record the interactions between the people and their
environment
• Focus on social relationship
• How the social relationship/environment affect their
nature of work, actual work practice
Contextual Inquiry
 Studies the user in the context
 Interview/Investigation takes place

 To capture
 What he says, and does
 How he communicates
 How he coordinates with others
 How he response to the situation
Department of CSE Page 17 of 20 NSCET
Communication & Collaboration Models
• Computer System
• Single user
Interact with the
• Multi User
Workgroup
• Need to Know normal human –human
communication
• Effective Communication
• Supports collaborative work
• Face to Face Communication
• Conversation
• Text based Communication
• Group Working
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Communication & Collaboration Models
• Face to Face Communication
• Transfer Effects & Personal Space
• Eye Contact & Gaze
• Gestures & Body Language
• Back Channel , Confirmation & Interruption
• Turn Taking

Department of CSE Page 19 of 20 NSCET


Communication & Collaboration Models
• Conversation
• The utterance of conversation is grouped into
Q&A, statement and agreement

Department of CSE Page 20 of 20 NSCET

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