Oral Communication in Context

Principles of Speech Writing

Week 3, Module 7, Quarter 2

I. INSTRUCTION

Before going through, it is very important to read the lessons carefully to understand the concept. You
may collaborate with other students or consult other references, if it is necessary. There are follow-up activities
that are intended for you to process what have your learned. Lastly, enjoy what you are doing and be inspired
to study well.

II. INTRODUCTION

This module will focus on the principles of speech writing. As the name implies, you will be doing a lot
of writing but do not take it negatively. It is not tiring to write as long as you focus on the purpose which is to
express your ideas and feelings and convey your message effectively to your listeners.

These are the competencies included in this module:

1. Uses principles of effective speech writing focusing on:
a. Audience profile
b. Logical organization
c. Duration
d. Word choice
e. Grammatical correctness
f. Articulation
g. Modulation
h. Stage Presence
i. Facial Expressions, Gestures and Movements
j. Rapport with the audience

III. CONCEPTS
LESSON 1: PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

Objectives
Here are the things that you are expected to learn at the end of this lesson:

1. use the principle of speech writing;

2. consider audience profile, logical organization, duration, word choice and grammatical correctness
when writing; and
3. write own speech following the speech writing process.

What Is It?

Have you ever written a speech? If you have not, do you think it is easy to write a speech? This lesson will
help you go through the process. To be able to write your speech effectively, you must be able to follow the
process correctly. Here is the diagram of the speech writing process.
The diagram in the previous page shows that the writing process is not linear but recursive. You go through it
until your speech becomes perfect. Let us discuss each in detail.

1. Audience analysis means looking into the profile of your target audience. You need to do this so that
your speech will fit or match your audience. Profile includes:
a. demography – age range, male-female ration, educational background, nationality, economic
status, and others.
b. situation – time, venue, occasion, size
c. psychology – values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial ideologies and needs

2. Determining the purpose is finding out whether you want to inform, entertain, or persuade. Sounds
familiar? Yes, they are the three types of speech according to purpose. Your purpose can be general
or specific but it is better if you will be specific.
Example:
General purpose: To inform
Specific purpose: To inform the students about the benefits of solid waste management.

3. Selecting the topic and narrowing it are also important. Your topic is your focal point. You need to
make it more specific.
Example:
Topic: Solid Waste Management
Narrowed topic: Benefits of Solid Waste Management

4. Data gathering is the part where you collect information from sources about your topic. You can
research in books or surf the internet. Be sure to site your sources.

5. Selecting a writing pattern will help you to organize your ideas. You can choose from the following:
a. Biographical – presents descriptions of life of a person
b. Categorical/Topical – presents related categories to support the topic
c. Causal – presents cause and effect relationships
d. Chronological – presents ideas in time order
e. Comparison-contrast – compares and contrast two or three ideas
f. Problem-solution – presents problem and solutions

6. Making an outline or a hierarchical list of ideas can help you arrange your thoughts to make it easy for
you to write your speech in an organized way. You can use a table format or a list format.
Example:
I. Problems on Wastes
A. Environment
B. Health
II. Ways to Resolve
A. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
B. Solid Waste Management

7. Creating the body involves writing explanations, examples and details about the topic you have
chosen. Be sure to focus on the main idea.

8. Your introduction must catch the attention of your audience and present the subject or topic of your
speech.

9. The conclusion restates the main point of your speech. You can summarize, emphasize your point,
and call for action. Your goal is to leave a memorable mark to your audience.

10. Editing and revising is correcting your speech for mechanics such as grammar, punctuation, spelling,
organization and the like. When you edit, be sure to:
a. Edit for focus – check if it focuses on the main topic
b. Edit for clarity – make sure your words are clear and easy to understand
c. Edit for concision – keep it simple and easy
d. Edit for continuity – ideas should flow smoothly
e. Edit for variety – shift in tone and style
f. Edit for impact and beauty – make it memorable

11. Practice makes perfect. When you practice you look at the time and how you deliver your speech.
This helps you see yourself and find out how you can improve.

Quite a long process! Indeed, but the result is better if you go through the process. There is no shortcut to
a successful speech but there is such a thing as a Good Speech if you do the steps carefully!
 LESSON 2: WRITTEN TO BE SPOKEN

Objectives
Here are the things that you are expected to learn at the end of this lesson:
1. Use the principles of speech writing focusing on:
a. articulation
b. modulation
c. stage presence
d. facial expressions
e. gestures and movements
f. rapport with the audience
2. Plan how to deliver the speech

What Is It?

The speech that you have written is not only to be read. It is also meant to be spoken. How should one deliver
a speech? Here are some tips for you!

1. Use conversational style more often. The audience does not like the speaker to sound too unnatural or
exaggerated.

2. Rapport with audience. Look at your audience in the eye so they will feel that they are part of your
speech. This will also keep their attention and you will know who are paying attention. Use pauses
when you emphasize the most important words, phrases or sentences. Your pauses should not last for
three seconds.

3. Modulation. Remember to adjust your volume to the size of the audience and venue. Modulate your
voice but do not shout or yell. Vary your speed or rate to avoid monotone pattern. This will avoid
boredom.

4. Articulation. Pronounce and enunciate words correctly. You might confuse your audience if you
mispronounce a word.

5. Stage Presence. Start your speech by standing straight and balancing your weight. This will give a
positive first impression.

6. Gestures and Movements. Use precise movements. Move your arms with a purpose. Avoid
distracting mannerisms like swaying back and forth, leaning on the podium, licking or biting your lips,
playing with your wristwatch or jewelry, scratching parts of your body, frowning, and others.

7. Facial Expressions. Avoid having a poker face or highly animated face. Just smile unless you are
talking about a sad subject. Your expression must match what your message conveys.

8. Dress properly and appropriately.

9. Breathe in and out to relax before your speech. Most importantly, have fun!

Keep these tips in mind when you present your speech. You will do great!

IV. GENERALIZATON

Remember these key points:

 In writing a speech, do not forget the following:
 audience profile
 logical organization
 duration
 word choice
 grammatical correctness
 Follow the process to ensure a good speech
 When you write your speech you also think about how to deliver it. When you do so, you need to focus
on:
 articulation
 modulation
 stage presence
 facial expressions
 gestures and movements
 rapport with the audience
 Republic of the Philippines
Mindanao State University
MALABANG COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL
Malabang, Lanao del Sur
School Year 2020 – 2021

WORKSHEETS
Principles of Speech Writing
Week 3, Module 7, Quarter 2
Name: _______________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________ Score: __________

ASSESSMENT

Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Write the letter of your choice on the blanks provided
before the number. (2 pts. each)

_____ 1. What refers to looking at your audience in the eye and having a good connection with them?
a. Articulation c. Rapport
b. Modulation d. Gestures
_____ 2. Which refers to enunciating the words correctly?
a. Articulation c. Rapport
b. Modulation d. Gestures
_____ 3. What refers to making your voice loud enough to be heard?
a. Articulation c. Rapport
b. Modulation d. Gestures
_____ 4. What involves adding actions and walking while delivering your speech?
a. Articulation c. Rapport
b. Modulation d. Gestures
_____ 5. Which includes standing confidently while you speak?
a. Movements c. Rapport
b. Modulation d. Stage Presence
_____ 6. Which should NOT be done when you deliver your speech?
a. Eye to eye contact c. Poker face
b. Have pauses d. Vary the pitch
_____ 7. Why should you look at your audience in the eye?
a. It will lessen your nervousness.
b. You can make them feel scared.
c. It will make them feel that they are part of your speech.
d. It adds to the beauty.
_____ 8. Why should you pause in some parts of your speech?
a. To breathe c. To relax
b. To emphasize d. To have effects
_____ 9. Why is articulation important?
a. To impress the audience
b. To attract attention
c. To make the message clear
d. To give a good impression
_____ 10. How can you make sure that you are heard by everyone?
a. Articulate words c. make eye to eye contact
b. Modulate voice d. have good stage presence