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4 Mark Questions of Chapter 1

1) Aurangzeb Alamgir was the last great Mughal emperor who tried to impose religious law more strictly and reimposed the jizya tax on non-Muslims, angering Hindus. 2) As emperor, Aurangzeb was a deeply religious and disciplined ruler but his long wars and high taxes drained the treasury and burdened people. 3) The Marathas grew powerful fighting the Mughals and occupied Delhi, but they were ultimately defeated by Ahmed Shah Abdali in the Third Battle of Panipat.

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2K views3 pages

4 Mark Questions of Chapter 1

1) Aurangzeb Alamgir was the last great Mughal emperor who tried to impose religious law more strictly and reimposed the jizya tax on non-Muslims, angering Hindus. 2) As emperor, Aurangzeb was a deeply religious and disciplined ruler but his long wars and high taxes drained the treasury and burdened people. 3) The Marathas grew powerful fighting the Mughals and occupied Delhi, but they were ultimately defeated by Ahmed Shah Abdali in the Third Battle of Panipat.

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hareem asad
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4 Mark Questions.

Chapter 1: The Decline of Mughals.

1. Who was Aurangzeb Alamgir?


 Aurangzeb was the last great emperor of Mughal Empire who took over
the throne after Shah Jahan.
 He was a courageous man who spent much of his time fighting wars and
trying to administrate the empire efficiently.
 He was a deeply religious man; he Wrote out copies of Quran and tried to
impose Jizya tax Non Muslims.
 Aurangzeb was a just ruler and had a very simple character.
 Aurangzeb increased the size of Mughal Empire by capturing all but the
very southern part of India.

2. What kind of man was Aurangzeb?


 Aurangzeb was a deeply religious person; who wrote out copies of Quran
and made the famous Pearl Mosque.
 He was a disciplined ruler with high administrative qualities due to which
he was able to run the empire for a long time.
 He was a just ruler and a brave one, whose main ambition was to increase
his territory for which he believed it right to use any means.
 He was a person who could be ruthless to his own kith and kin like he killed
his own brother in the battle over the Empire.
3. What was the Jizya Controversy?
 Aurangzeb imposed the non Muslim tax again on the Indians. This tax had
been abolished long ago by Akbar.
 The non Muslims, especially Hindus were angered as it was a tax abolished
long ago.
 It was a differential tax and was considered as enforcement to convert to
Islam.
 It was criticized as a way of supporting the long drawn costly wars and as a
financial assistance.
4. Was Aurangzeb responsible for the decline of Mughal Empire?
 To some extent Aurangzeb could be responsible for he built a lot of
buildings which drained the treasury quicker than expected like the Pearl
Mosque for his personal prayers.
 Aurangzeb fought long costly wars to capture more land and to fight of
the invaders. He could not administer very efficiently for he was often
away from his capital.
 His policy of heavy taxes caused hardships for his people.

5. Who were the Marathas?


 The Marathas was a powerful group of people who were skilled as Guerrilla
fighters.
 They were devoted to Hinduism and had grown in power during the 17th
century and they were the expected rulers after Mughals due to their
power.
 Aurangzeb was unable to crush the Marathas of Deccan which proved their
power.
 In 1760 they even occupied Delhi.
 They were defeated in the Third Battle of Panipat.

6. How were the Marathas Defeated?


 The Marathas were defeated by their inner weaknesses.
 They controlled more land than any ruler but not all was in one place.
 Their unity and loyalty to the main Peshawar decreased and their power
began to deteriorate.
 Than they were crushed in the 3rd Battle of Panipat in 1761 by the invading
army of Ahmed Shah Abdali. They suffered heavy casualties in this battle
and lost all their ambitions of ruling the Empire.
7. How did invasions weaken the Mughal Empire?
 The invasions drained the Mughal Empire and destroyed its prestige.
 The Persian Invasion under Nadir Shah resulted in Delhi getting sacked and
the Empire getting looted.
 The famous peacock throne of Mughals was taken away by Nadir Shah.
 Ahmed Shah Abdali led 10 Invasions in Northern India and looted the
Empire.

8. Who was Ahmed Shah Abdali?


 Ahmed Shah Abdali was and Afghan leader who led Afghan Army in the
Indian Territory and raided the Mughal Empire.
 He was also known as Ahmed Shah Durrani due to his leadership and
military skills.
 His military skills achieved the victory over Marathas in the 3rd Battle of
Panipat.
 He had to turn back because of the mutiny of his followers instead of
capturing the empire.

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