Scribd
Upload
136 views5 pages

Gene Expression Assignment

This document provides information about gene expression and translation. It includes the DNA, mRNA, and polypeptide sequences for a coding strand of DNA. It then discusses how changes to the original DNA sequence would result in changes to the mRNA and polypeptide sequences. The document also covers the roles of rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA in protein synthesis, as well as the key steps of transcription and translation.

Uploaded by

Lauren Eaton
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
136 views5 pages

Gene Expression Assignment

This document provides information about gene expression and translation. It includes the DNA, mRNA, and polypeptide sequences for a coding strand of DNA. It then discusses how changes to the original DNA sequence would result in changes to the mRNA and polypeptide sequences. The document also covers the roles of rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA in protein synthesis, as well as the key steps of transcription and translation.

Uploaded by

Lauren Eaton
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Gene Expression Assignment

22 marks (Knowledge and Understanding)

DNA: 5’ A T G C G A G G G T G G T T C C C C C C A C G T T A G 3’

What is this strand called?


CODING

How do you know?


Starts with 5'

What is the sequence of the complementary DNA strand?


3' t a c g c t c c c a c c a a g g g g g g t g c a a t c 5'

What is this strand called?


Template

What is the sequence of the mRNA strand?


3' a u g c g a g g g u g g u u v c c c c c a c g u u a g 5'

Highlight alternate codons

What is the polypeptide primary structure?


N-Arg-Gly-Trp-Phe-Pro-Pro-Arg-C

Include “N” and “C” labels

If T was added after the fourth nucleotide in the original DNA strand what
sequence of mRNA would result?
5’ A T G C T G A G G G T G G T T C C C C C C A C G T T A G 3’

5’ A U G C U G A G G G U G G U U C C C C C C A C G U U A G 3’

What is the new polypeptide primary structure?


N-Leu-Arg-Val-Val-Pro-Pro-Thr-Leu-C

8 marks for work above; continues below..


Chapter 7.1, Questions on page 318

rRNA: formation of the ribosomes.


mRNA: carries genetic information from the nucleus to ribosomes for the
synthesis of proteins.
tRNA: carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes to assist the protein
biosynthesis.

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in
the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the
synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is
converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.

N-Met-Leu-Ala-His-Arg-Gly-Phe-C
The following mRNA codes for the same polypeptide but contains 8 changes:
AUG UUA GCA CAC AGA GGC UUC.

A start codon initiates translation and codes for the amino acid methionine. A
stop codon does not code for an amino acid and instead binds a factor that
releases the mRNA and protein from the ribosome
Chapter 7.2, Questions on page 324
The three stages of transcription are: (1) Initiation: the process that allows RNA
polymerase to bind to the DNA. The DNA promoter region contains a TATA box
that allows the DNA to unwind and separate, allowing RNA polymerase to bind.
(2) Elongation: the process in which RNA polymerase makes an RNA copy of the
DNA template. (3) Termination: the process in which transcription stops and the
mRNA is released. This is accomplished by various devices such as hair pin loops
in the RNA and factors binding to the stop codon that prevent further RNA
production.

The sequence of an RNA molecule transcribed from the DNA template strand
3'-CAAATTGGCTTATTACCGGATG-5' is: 5'-GUUUAACCGAAUAAUGGCCUAC-3'.

(a) The role of the promoter in transcription is to prepare a site where RNA
polymerase can access and bind to the DNA strand.
(b) The role of RNA polymerase is to read the DNA code and create a
complementary RNA molecule.
(c) The role of spliceosomes is to take part in eukaryotic post-transcriptional
modifications that remove introns from the mRNA molecule.

Introns are sequences of genetic code found in eukaryotic organisms that are
transcribed into RNA but are not coded and are removed before translation.
Exons are sequences of the genetic code that are transcribed and remain to be
translated into an amino acid sequence.

DNA replication Both DNA transcription

- produces 2 semi -create new -produces a single strand


conserved double complementary nucleic of mRNA
stranded DNA molecules acid strands

-uses DNA polymerase -read DNA code

-use RNA polymerase

Chapter 7.3, Questions on page 331

In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the key steps in the initiation of translation
are the association of initiator methionine-tRNA with the small ribosomal
subunit. The complex binds the mRNA at the 5' cap and scans for the AUG start
codon. The large ribosomal subunit then binds, completing the ribosome, and
translation proceeds.

The role of tRNA in translation is to shuttle the appropriate amino acid into
place in the growing peptide by recognizing the mRNA code.
The anticodons for phenylalanine include: AAA and AAG. The anticodons for
alanine include: GCU, GCC, GCA, and GCG.
The anticodons for tyrosine include AUA and AUG.

The A site is where the mRNA is recognized by the appropriate tRNA, which has
an amino acid bound ready to add to the growing peptide chain. The P site is
where translation is initiated by the association of the methionine tRNA with the
mRNA and the ribosome. The P site is also the site of the formation of peptide
bonds that are catalyzed by the polypeptide transferase, which uses the
hydrolysis of GTP to drive the reaction. As the chain moves along, the empty
tRNA exits the ribosome at the E site.

Some examples of processes that demand high rates of protein production in


humans include the production of new proteins in preparation for cell division
and the production of digestive enzymes by the pancreas

You might also like