AFWAL-TR-81-3041

C /
VOLUME 3

~ EFFECT OF VARIANCES AND

MANUFACTURING TOLERANCES ON THE(
DESIGN STRENGTH AND LIFE OF
MECHANICALLY FASTENED
.. COMPOSITE JOINTS
VOLUME 3- BOLTED JOINT STRE3S FIELD
MODEL (BJSFM) COMPUTER
PROGRAM USER's MANUAL f,
J.M. Ogonowuki

:
McDonnell Aircraft Company
McDonnell Douglas Corporation
P.O. Box 616
St. Louis, Missouri 63166
" 1
April 1981

Final Report for Period 15 February 1978 - 15 April 1981

'-" IC Approved for public releese; distribution unlimited

L'

FL;GHT DYNAMICS LABORATORY

AIR FORCE WRIGHT AERONAUTICAL LABORATORIES
AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OHIO 45433

817 21 011
 NOTICE

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This technical report has been reviewed and it. approved for
publication.

ROBERTL. GALLO, Capt, USAF DAVEY L4 SMITH, Chief

Project Engineer Structural Integrity Branch
Structires and Dynamics Division

FOR THE COMMANDER

RALPH L. KUSTER, JR., Col, U9AF

Chief, Structures and Dynamics Division

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a'

I1. SUPPLEMENTARY TES

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reveree aide If neceseary •nd identify by block number)
Bolted Joints Methodology
Composite Load Distributions
Graphite-expoxy Stress Analysis
Orthotropic Failure Criteria
Stress Concentrations Fatigue Life
20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse aide If ioeceassry and Identify by block number)

The subject of this program was structural evaluation of mechanically

fastened composite Joints. Program objectives were threefold: (1) development
and verification by test of improved static strength methodology, (2) experi-
mental evaluation of the effects of manufacturing anomalies on joint 3tatic
strength, and (3) experimental evaluation of Joint fatigue life.

1473
oJAN17 OT PAGE (
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Erntertd'.1
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAOE(Y'hem Date Entered)

Program activities to accomplish these vLutives were organized ,,'der five

tasks. Under Task 1 - Literature Survey, a survey was performed to deLk,•rmine
the state-of-the-art in design and analysis of bolted composite joints.
Experimental evaluations of joint static strength were performed under Tasks 2
and 3. In Task 2 - Evaluation of Joint Design Variables, strength data were
obtained through an experimental program to evaluate the effects of twelve
Joint design variables. In Task 3 - Evaluation of Manufacturing and Service
Anomalies, effects of seven anomalies on joint strength were evaluated experi-
mentally and compared with Task 2 strength data. Bolted composite joint
durability was evaluated under Task 4 - Evaluation of Critical Joint Design
Variables on Fatigue Life. Seven critical design variables or manufacturing
anomalies were identified tased on Task 2 and 3 strer.t•1 data. Under Task 5 -
Final Analyses and Correlat'on, required data reduction, methodology development
and correlation, and necessary documentation were performnd.

This report documents all program activltie3 performed under Tasks 2, 3,

4 and 5. Activities performed under Task I - Literture Survey, were pre-
viously reported on AFFDL-TR-78-179.,Statlc strengtl: methodology and evaluaLions
of joint static and farigue test data are reported. Analytic studies complement
methodology development and illustrate: the need for detailed stress analysis,
the utility of the developed "Bolted Joint Stress Field Model" (BJSFM) procedure
and define model limitations. For static strength data, correlations with
a'alytic predictions are included. Data trends in all cases are discussed
relative to joint strength and failure node. For joint fatigue studies, data
trends are discussed relative to life, hola elongation, and failure mode
behavior. .

This final report is organized ]a the foliowing three volumes:

Volume 1 Methodology Development and Data Evaluation

Volume 2 Test Data, Equipment and Procedures
Volume 3 - Bolted Joint Stress Field Model (BJSFM) Computer Program
User's Manual

SECURITY' CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(Who. Date Entered)

 FOREWORD

The work reported herein was performed by the McDonnell

Aircraft Company (MCAIR) of the McDonnell Douglas Corporation
(MDC), St. Louis, Missouri, under Air Force Contract F33615--77-
C.-3140, for the Flight Dynamics Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air
Force Base, Ohio. This effort was conducted under Project No.
2401 "Structural Mechanics", Task 240101 " Structural Integrity
for Military Aerospace Vehicles", Work Unit 24010110 "Effect of
Variances and Manufacturing Tolerances on the Design Strength and
Life of Mechanically Fastened Composite Joints". The Air Force
Project Engineer at. contract go-ahead was Mr. Roger J.
Aschenbrenner (AFWAL/FIBEC); in December 1979, Capt. Robert L.
Gallo (AFWAL/FIBEC) assumed this assignment. The work described
was conducted during the period 15 February 1978 through 15 April
1981.

Pt•ogram Manager was Mr. Ramon A. Garrett, Branch Chief

Technology, MCAIR Structural Research Department. Principal
Investigator was Mr. Samual P. Garbo, MCAIR Structural Research
Department.

!"I
! utflarc T i ) 3

LL

irt f ou l!L
TA
DttrIbi
iiii

iiti
K TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

I INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1

II PROGRAM DESCR]IPTION ............................... 2

III USER'S INSTRUCTIONS .............................. 6

IV OUTPUT OPTIONS .......... .................... 11

V PROGRAM LIMITATIONS ............. ................. 15

VI EXAMPLE PROBLEMS ........ ................... 16

VII PROGRAM LISTING. ......... ................... 20

V i
v
 LIST OF ILLUITRk\kO'1 4

Figure No. _agc1

I General Load Conditions Al,\,a he! by NASFM . . 3

2 Bolted Joint Stress Fiel¢ Modal - BJS3-'

(Computer Program Flow Chart) 33.......

3 Saiperposition of Linear - Elastic

Stress Solutions ............. ............... 4

4 Assumed Cosine Bolt Load Distribution . . . . 4

5 Superposition of Infinite Plate Results

Approximates a Finite Width Joint ...... 5

6 Program Nomenclature ............. ............ 7

7 Example Input Instructions ....... .......... 10

8 Laminate Stress Distribution Output

Data Option ...... ................ .. i2

9 P;y-by-Ply Strain Distribution Output

Data Option ........ ................ 13

10 Loaded Hole Case ......... ............... 17

1i Isotropic Unloaded Hole ... ........... . . .18

12 General Loading Condition ........ ......... 19

vi
SSECTION I
S~ INTRODUCTION

One objective of this program was to develop a static

strength methodology for mechanically-fastened composite joints.
This volume documents user-options and instructions for a com-
puter program to analyze the effects of stress concentrations on
laminate strength. Entitled "Bolted Joint Stress Field Model"
(BJSFMI, it computes stress distributions on a lamina or laminate
basis for unloaded or loaded (bolt bearing) holes in isotropic or
anisotropic materials. Failure predictions based on lamina
properties and one of several failure criteria are possible.
This volume describes the formulation and input data requirements
and output options. Sample problems and a computer program
listing are also included.

i,
 SECTION II

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The Bolted Joint Stress Field Model has been developed to

facilitate strength analysis of isotropic or anisotropic
materials at individual fastenei holes. Statire stronqth of an
anisotropic laninate with a fastener hole is predicted using a
closed-form analytic approach based on (1) elastit anisotroplP
theory of elasticity, (2) lamination plate theory and (3) one of
several optional failure hypotheses. The program has capability
to handle strength and stiffness anisotropy, general in-plane
loadings, as shown in Figure 1, multi-material (hybrid) laminates
and arbitrary hole (bolt) sizes. BJSFM modular substructuring is
illustrated in Figure 2. Input data required are: lamina mech-
anical properties, in-plane loadings, hole geometry, and hole
loading. Options are available which provide computation resultL
after each program block.

T'rie stress field calculations are based on two-dimensional

aiisotropic theory of elasticity solutions for a homogeneous,
anisotropic infinite plate. Laminate stress distributions around
an unloaded or loaded (bolt bearing) hole are calculated using
plane stress assumptions. Laminate stress and strain distribu-
tions for combined bearing and bypass loads are obtained using
the principle of superpqsition (Figure 3). Fastener bearing ik
idealized as a cosine radial stress distribution (Figure 4).
Finite width corrections for loaded holes are based on super-
position of infinite plate results as shown in Figure 5.
Infinite plate solutions are exact While corrections for finite
width joints are approximate and most accurate for width-to-
diameter ratios greater than four.

Laminate strains are calculated using material compliance

relations. Laminate compliance coefficients are determined using
lamination plate theory with unidirectional (lamina) elastic
constants, lamina orientations and thicknesses. Strains for
individual plies along lamina principal material axes are calcu-
lated using coordinate transformations. The solution is strictly
valid only for homogeneous media; however, it has been assumed
valid for mid-plane symmetric laminates.

Laminate failure is predicted by comparing elastic stress

distributions with any of five material failure criteria on a
ply-by-ply basis. Failure can be assessed at any location in the
field of the plate.

2
 yA

\OFF AXIS
A' - LOADING ANGLE

Px

Pxy Gl~1.1

Figu 11 Q~-~g' ^Dr ... JIu..W c

UNjiIDI RE CTI ONAL

MATERIAL (s) IN-PLANE UNIIDIRECTIONALI
PROPERTIES LOADINGS MATERIAL (s) I INPUT DATA
AND LAYUP ADHESIEALLOWABLES

CALCULATE

DCALCULATEO ULOADED HOLE

CLLrE CLUAE LAMINATE

LAMINATEPLAPLPELODDHE
STRAINU STESE AN PLLALR TTCSRNT
DISTRIBUITION STR
LAIN RIEI

c#134111416

Figure 2. Bolted Joint Stress Field Model - BJSFM

Cornputer Program Flow Chart

3
r _tttt•rir

-1 B0

Proble'n of Interest Unloaded HMie Only Loaded Hole Only

Figure 3. Superposition of Lineoar.Elistlc Stress Solutions

VPR F Pcost)

OPlS4iis 12

Figure 4. Assumed Cosine Bolt-Load Distribution

4
 Loaded Hole Unloaded Hole
Infinite Plate Infinite Plate

W - - - - -

ii~ ~ I 9/2wp2w it I I

P/2Wt P/2Wt

-w__ - -w -w-

+ p

P/2W~t P/2\Wt r/wt

OP13-0115.222

Figure 5. Superposition of Infinite Plate Results Approxlmates a Finite Width Joint

5
 SECTION III

USER'S INSTRUCTIONS

Conversational interactive procedures are used for specify-

ing input data for operation of the BJSFM program which is pro-
grarmned to accept free formatted input data. A user may, after
becoming familiar with the input procedures, elect to delete
input instructions and receive only question marks, identifying
all required input data. Using the various output options, users
may receive as much or as little data as desired. The nature of
required input data is dependent on user-selected output data
options; the BJSFM program automatically adjusts its input data
requirements to accommodate each output data option.

Up to eight different ply orientations and three different

materials may be input. For each ply orientation, a correspond-
ing thickness must be specified as well as material for hybrid
laminates. Ply thickness may be either actual or a normalized
thickness. A mid-plane symmetric stacking sequence is assumed.
Zero degree plies are oriented parallel to the X-axis. Nomencla-
ture applicable to tie BJSFM is summarized in Figure 6. Positive
angles are mea:sured Lounterclockwise from the X-axis. All input
data units must be consistent.

Unidirectional lamina material stiffness properties ar-

required input data for each different material specified.
Unidirectional lamina strength allowables for each material are
required only if failure analysis is to be performed. If the
maximum strain material failure criterion is used, lamina strain
allowables must be input; otherwise, input lamina allowables are
in terms of stress.

Any set of in-plane far-field stresses may be applied to an

infinite anisotropic or isotropic plate (Figure 1). Bearing
stress direction is independent of far-field stress directions.

The BJSFM is only capable of handling finite widths for bolt

bearing problems; the width, W, is defined as perpendicular to
the bolt load direction (Figure 1). The stresses ualculated in a
finite-width bDlt bearing problem are approximate and most
accurate for width-to-diameter ratios greater than four. In
combined loading conditions, the finite width routine applies to
only the loaded hole portion of the problem. To obtain infinite
plate results for a load&d hole, input specimen width Lss.0

The user must specify the "range" (between low and high) of
angular interval between locations around the hole for which data
will be calculated. This range must also be sudivided by user-
selected "degrees between output" to specify points -t which
calculations are to be made. "Step increments" are used to
obtain data at increasing distances away from the hole boundary.

6
Coordintoe Systems
X -Y Laminate Axis System Originating at the Center of the Hole. Zero Degree Plies are Parallel to the
X-Axis.
X - Y' Rotation of the X-Y Axis System for Application of Far-Field Stresses
1-2 Lamina Axis System; Fibers are Parallel to the 1 Axis and Transverse to the 2 Axis.

Vawiable Description (Units)"

2
El Lamina Modulus of Elasticity in Fiber (1) Direction (F/L )
2
E2 Lamina Modulus of Elasticity in Transverse (2) Direction (F/L )
2
G12 Lamina Shear Modulus (F/L )
V12 Lamina Poisson's Raiio
2
EX Laminatc Modulus of Elasticity in X Direction (F/L )
2
EY Laminate Modulus of Elasticity in Y Direction (F/L )
2
GXY Laminate Shear Modulus (F/L )
VXY Laminate Poisson's Ratio
TI Lamina Allowable Tensile Strength in Fiber ,1) Direction (F/L2 or L/L)
C1 Lamina Allowable Compressive Strength in Fiber (1) Direction (F/L2 or L/L)
T2 Lamina Allowable Compressive Strength in Fnerse (2) Direction (F/L 2 or L/L)
2
T2 Lamina Allowable Tensile Strength in Transverse (2) Direction (F/L or L/L)
C2 Lamina Allowable Compressive Strength in Transverse (2) Direction (FIL 2 or L/L)
S Lamina Allowable Shear Strength (F/L 2 or L/L)
PX Stress in X' Direction (F/L 2 ) - Independent of Input Thickness
2
PY Stress in Y' Direction (F/L ) - Independent of Input Thickness
2
PXY Shear Stress (F/L ) - Independent of Input Thickness
2
P Applied Bearina Stress (F!L ) - P = Bolt Load/(Dia x Actual Thickness)
U Displacement in X Direction (L)
V Displacement in Y Direction (L)
W Specimen Width (L) - Bolt Loading Only
DIST Radial Distance from Hole Boundary (L)
Q Aagle of Applied Bolt Load with X Axis (i.e., Bolt Loading Angle)
03 Rotation Angle of X' - Y' Axes from X - Y Axis System (i.e., Off Axis Loading Angle)
0 Angle from X Axis to a Point Around Fastener Hole
0 Rotation Angle of 1 - 2 Axes from X - Y Axis System (i.e., Ply Orientation Angle)
All angular measurements are positive counterclockwise from the X axis.
* See also Figure 1.
Any consistent set of units may be used:
F - Force
L - Length

Figure 6. Program Nomenclature*

7 t
The maximum input step increment is seven evenly spaced concen-
tric circles; the first step is always at the hole boundary.

The option to use any one of five different failure criteria

has been programmed into the BJSFM. Failure analysis is applied
on a ply-by-ply basis; therefore, only unidirectional (lamina)
allowables are required input data. Only the maximum strain cri-
t-erion requires the allowables to be input as strains; all others
ise stress allowables. Equations for each of the programmed
failure criteria are given below. When the right hand side of
any of the equations exceeds unity, failure has been predicted
for the ply. Tension or compression stress/strain allowables
used in each criteria are selected automatically, depending on
the sign of individual stress field components being evaluated.

Maximum Strain
C1 _2
712
-- 1 -- 1 -- 1
F1 F2 F1 2

Maximum Stress
°1 1 r2 T12
-- =i -- =i -=I
F 1 FF 2 F 12

Tsai-Hill

(c,1)2 + 22 2
12,'~ 1 cl
2

Modified Tsai-Wu

C1 2 2 2c 1Y +
2
t- c + t + F +T 2 112 F + 2 1Y
F F F F2 t 1 12
8F

8
 Hoffman
2 2 FC tF t

G1 02 01(2 F1 1Ft F2 F2
t c F t c + FIt c + c 22t
FltF1 2F 2 F2F 1 F 1 tF 1 F 2 tF 2

2
-t 12_
2
1

An example printout of the "conversational" language used to

request input data is shown in Figure 7.

F: 9
r"

RNH
IDO YOU WANT INSTRUCTIONS?
?YES
SELECT DESIRED OUTPUT FROM THE FOLLOWING CASES.
I CARPET PLOT DATA
2 LAMINATE PROPERTIES
3 LAMINATE STRESSES
4 LANII NATE STRAI NS
5 CIRCUMFERENTIAL & RADIAL STRESSES/STRAINS
6 DISPLACEMENTS
7 STRAINS PER PLY
8 STRESSES PER PLY
9 FAILURE CRITERIA PER PLY
10 AUTOMATIC SEARCH FOR FAILURE
?2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
INPUT NUMBER OF DIFFERENT PLIES TO BE INPUT (8 MAX) AND
NUMBER OF DIFFERENT !ATERIALS (3 MAX)
?4,1
INPUT THE UNIDIRECTIONAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR EACH f1ATERIA1,
IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER: El, E2, G12, POISSOrlS RATIO
?18.85E6,1.9E6, .85E6, .3
INPUT THE UNIDIRECTIONAL AL!JOWIABLES FOR EACH MATERIAL
IN THE FOLLOWIING ORDER: T1, C1, T2o C2, SHEAR
7230000, 320000, 28200,32300,17300
INPUT THE ANGULAR ORIENTATION OF EACH PLY
?0.,45.,-45.,90.
INPUT THE THICKNIESS OF EACH PLY
?.5, .2# .2# .1
INPUT: FAR FIELD STRESSES PX.PYPXY. OFF NXIS ANGLE, BEARING S', "LSS
AND DOLT LOADING ANGLE.
?10000.,0., 2500., 45., 50000., 10.
I'PUT WIDTY! (0.0 FOR INFI'IITE PLATE)
71.5
INPUT BOLT DIAMETER, DEGREES BETWEEN OUTPUT, LOW RANGE. ;!IG1I RANGE,
STEP INCREEVIT AND "UtiBER OF STEPS DESIRED (7 MAX)
?.25,30. ,0. ,360. , .02,2
INPUT THE NUMBER WHICH CORRESPONDS TO THlE FAILURE CRITERIA
YOU WlISHl TO USE
I MAXIMUM STRAI 4
2 MAXIMUM STRESS
3 TSAI-HILL
4 MODIFIED TSAI-WU
5 HOFFMAN
73

Figure 7. Example Input Instructions

10

-bad-
 SECTION IV

OUTPUT OPTIONS

Various output options are available for user selection.

The user may select any or all of the following options by input-
ting the appropriate number(s):

1. Carpet Plot Data

2. Laminate Properties
3. Laminate Stresses
4. Laminate Strains
5. Circumferential and Radial Stresses/Strains
6. Laminate Displacements
7. Strains per Ply
8. Stresses per Ply
9. Failure Criteria per Ply
10. Automatic Search for Failure

A brief description of each output option follows.

Option #1 - Carpet Plot Data - The carpet plot data routine

will automatically vary the layup of a user iniput 0°/'+/90"
laminate family and calculate any one or all of the other output
options (2 through 10) for each layup. Sixty-six diEferent
layups are automatically calculated in thiL routine; therefore,
large amounts of data will be generated when using this output
option.

Option #2 - Laminate Properties - Laminate stiffness proper-

ties are calculated using the unidirectional material elastic
constants, ply angular orientations and ply thicknesses. These
properties are calculated with respect to the X-Y axes and are
the same as would be obtained using conventional lam'lination
theory approaches.

Options #3 and #4 - Laminate Stresses/Strains - Laminate

stress and strain distributions are available as output at points
around the perimeter of the hole and at other user-specified
concentric circles about the hole boundary. Principal st.resses
and strains are also calculated. All output is referenced. to the
X-Y axes. Points are located by the radial distance away from
the hole boundary and the angular orientation from the X-axis
(Figure 8).

Option #5 - Circumferential and Radial Stresses/Strains -

Circumferential and radial laminate stresses and strains are
calculated by a coordinate transformation. Output is in polar
coordinates.

11
 Y

(X-Y)

EXAMPLE BJSFM OUTPUT:

LAMINATE STRESSES I
DIRT ANGLE X STR(ESS Y STRESS SIIEAR MAX. MIN. DIRECTION
STRESS PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL
0.000 0.00 -62613.22 44412.49 -9.44 44412.5n -62613.23 .01
0.000 30.00 -401'51.39 -,11.39 -3470n. 37 11`54.04 -591324.32
0.nc)0n (.0.n -6f01.G -29542.53 -1969n.77 45SI.17 -
.n,)o0 90.00 5.1351.OR -11003.21 -9.44 513"
0.000 12n.no 4n127.47 16n33.31 ?7713.44
I 150.00 9612.46 21147.34

Figure 8. Laminate Stress Distribution Output Data Option

Option #6 - Laminate Displacements - Displacements for each

point are output as U and V, which are displacements in the X and
Y directions resipectively. Due to limitations in the derivation,
displacements for the loaded hole case shall be considered accu-
rate only within approximately three times the diameter of the
fastener. Unloaded hole displacements are exact throughout the
plate.

Options #7 and 8 - Strains/Stresses per.- Pl- Strains and

stresses per ply are calculated and output i.n the lamina (1-2)
coordinate system. Each ply is identified along with the loca-
tion of the point around the hole for which stresses/strains ar,
calculated (Figure 9).

12
 C2

- -

EXAMPLE BJSFM OUTPUT:

STRAINS PER PLY -

DIST ANGLE PLY' STRAIN I STRAIN 2 SHLER STRAIN

0.000 0.00 0.00 -. 007128 .011127 -. t000004

0.000 0.00 45.00 .001903 .002001 .01R254,,
0.000 0.00 -45.00 .002001 .001990 -. 01r11
0.000 0.00 9C.00 .011127 -. A.. - _
0. ),0 3,0.00 0.00
o( -. n3509
QP1 $,111-mi

Figure 9. Ply-by.Ply Strain Distribution Output Data Option

Option #9 - Failure Criteria pe_ Ply - Failure criteri.a per

ply option applies the user-selectedc material failure criterion
(max. stress, Tsai-Hill, etc.) to each ply using the input
material allowabies. The "failure number" obtained as output
data irdicates the value calculated by the failure criterion
using the stress or strain components at a point. A failure
number equal t- or greater than one predicts ply failure. The
program automatically selects tension or compression allowables
depending on the sign of individual st'ress/strain components
being evaluated. "Failure ratios" are output which indicate the
relative magnitude of contributing stress components to the
overall failure number. Therefore, failure can be assessed as to
which stress component is most significait. These failure ratios
are in terms of the lamina (1-2) coordinate system.

13
 Option #!0 - Aut,,,mtic Search for Failure - The automatic
soarc
ar A25 fr-e routine will kiearch over a user-specified
range at each ankular inczement for the moot critical single
point as calculatel by the mateirial failure criterion. Search
fori failure is onl, done at the first stop increment away fromr
the hole boundary. Therefore, if a search for failure is to be
performed at the bou,\dary of the hole, the step increment must be
input as 0.0. The N•rogram will automatically ratio the input
stretis field until first Fly failure is predicted. Output is the
in-plane stresses at ,hich failure is predicted al-ing with the
angul.%r orientation of the predicted failure location. Failure
numbers are also given for all other plies at the critical ply
failure initiation angle, Failure ratios are also output.

L1
14
 SECTION V

PROGRAM LIM:fATIONS

The following are the limitations o! the BJSFM program.

o Strictly valid for homogeneous anisotropic flat plates

and assumed valid for mid-plane symmetric laminates.

o Displacements inaccurate at points more thain three times

the hole diameter away from the hole boundary for loaded
hole cases.

o Stress fields inaccurate for width-Lo-diameter ratios

less than four.

o Maximum of eight different ply angular orientations

(input).

o Maximum of three different materials for hybrid laminates

(input).

o Maximum of seven steps away from the hole (output).

The following equation must be satisfied to obtain valid output.

[(High Range)-(Low Range)]/(Degrees Between Output) <72

The following data must be input as integers:

Output Option Numbers

Number of Different Plies
Number of Different Materials
Material Number
Number of Steps
Failure Criteria Number

15t
 SECTION VI

EXAMP'LE PROBLEMS

16
 1D0 YOU WAuT IMSTRTUCTIOISU
?Yug
yI
Ca.UCI DESIREo OUTPUT rROM THE rOuozyO cAScS.
I CARPET PLOT DATA iO
2 LAMIVATE PROPERTIES
LAMINATE STRESSES " : XBearing
4 IAMINATE STRAINS
S CI RCUKFRHT IAL & RADIAL STR82815/ ETRAIN
1.5 in. OPSe
o0 Plies
6 DISPLACE4ENTS
7 STRAINS PER PLY
* STRESSES PER PLY
9 FAIL1?RF CRITRRIA PER PLY
10 AUTOMATIC SEARCHI FOR FAhIF.RE
74.6
INPUT Nt*IU1R Or DIFFERENT PLIES TO DE INPUT (6 MAX) AND
"OMCER Or DIPEReNT MATERIALS (3 MAX)
74.1-g
THE UNIDIRETIONAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES F
xWP'T EC
ZO MATERIAL
S""71:'.85•6,
I TH OLL01VIG
l•
ORDCEts
o..S5E6o .3
El. NZ. 0112. P01550115 RATIO
/ I.rNPUP ME'IP ANGULAR ORIRNTATION Or EACH PLY
l 70-
0.45. ,-45., 90,.
1-! THE THICK1ES8 OF EACH PLY I--42% - 00 Plies, 50% - ±450 , 8%- 9 0 0
"7 .25,.25,.00 -
IIAPUTI FAR FIELD STRESSES EPX.PY. PXY. OrF AXIS ANGIE, SEARING STRESS
AtID DOLT LAOADVIG ANGHL.
10O,.0.0.O50S000., 20.
INPUT WIDTH (0.0 FOR INFINITE PLATE)
71.5
INPUT DOLT DIAOETER, DI0REIS DETWEEN OUTPUT. LOM RANGE, HIGH RANGE,
STEP INCREIENT AND lMASER OF STEPS DESIRED (7 MAX)
7.25. 30.,0.-90.- .02.3

LAMINATE STRAINS (Output Option No. 4)

DIST ANGLE X STRAIN Y STRAIN SHEAR MAX. NITI. DIRECTION
STRAIN PRINCIPAL PRIICIPAL
O.'001 0.00 -. n06927 .007109 .000001 .n071n9 -. 006927 -. 00
O.o0o IL,.i: 01 -. 004137 .OOIqi8 -. 012340 .00s70S -. 008005 13.20
0. 000 6o0OOJ .001704 -. 006583 -. 010110 .00099 -. 008979 -33.87
0.000 90"•0.O0 .OO5512 -. 006573 .000001 .005512 -. 006573 .01
.020 0.00 -. 00C5642 .OOS,6( .000253 .005767 -. O05643 -1.27
.020 30.00 -. 003419 .001412 -. 009993 .004546 -. 006554 38.21
.020 60.00 .001920 -. 005O07 -. 009304 .003762 -. 007443 -32.02
.020 90.00 .003843 -. 004336 .001080 .003949 -. 004442 12.34
:040 0.00 -. 004698 .004788 .000437 .004793 -. 004703 -2.63
.040 30.00 -. 002855 .- 01130 -. 000420 .003795 -. 005320 38.34
.040 60.00 .001898 -. 004792 -. 006542 .003231 -. 005125 -31.46
.040 90.00 .002845 -.003110 .001057 .0029a6 -. 003259 15.96

OzSPLAcDmmEs (Output Option No. 6)

DIST ANGL U V
0.000 0.00 .000794 -. 000080
0.000 30.00 .000943 .000342
0.000 60.00 .000691 .00535
0.000 90.00 .000215 .000294
.020 0.00 .000655 -. 000093
.020 30. 00 .000794 .000300
.020 60 00 •.00051 .000471
.020 90.00 .000058 .000234
.040 0.00 .000S38 -. 000104
.040 30.00 .000668 .000268
.040 60.00 .000378 .000419
.040 90.00 -. 000045 .000192
DO YOU WISH TO CONTINUJ?
79O

STOP

Figure 10. Loaded Hole Case

17j
 100 YOU IIAIT INSTRUCTIONS?
Ma, Y
SELECT DESIRCr OUTPUT FROM THE FOLLOWING CASES.
I CARPET PLOT DATA
2 LAMI EIATE PROPERTIES
3 L.mx tI
ATC STRESSES100
4 LAMIRATE STRAINS
s CIRCUmFER,3TIAL & RADIAL STRESSES/STRAINU
6 DISPL.AC•IPNTS
7 STr.AINS PER PLY X
8 STRESSES PER PLY
9 FAILURE CRITERIA PFn1 PLY
10 AUTOMATIC SEARCH Fr)R FAILURE
73.5
INPUT NUiJER OF DIFFERENT PLIES TO BE INPUT (8 MAX) AND
NUMBER OF DIFFEREVT MATERIALS (3 MAX)

I /I--[-R-
N THETHE UNIDIRECTIONAL, MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR EACH MATERIAL
FOLLOWING ORDER, El, E2, 012, PoIsBONs RATIO Isotropic Properties
' 71.0"- 0"E6' 3'85E6' "3 • Elu
INPUT THE ANGULAR ORIENTATION OF EACH PLY (E = E2, G E
70. OR=R E2, (EltIN G2=12 iOUO
-INPUT TilE THICKNESS OF EACH PLY

16PUT. FAR FIELD ST7ESSES PXPY.PXY, OFF AXIS ANGLE, BEARING STRESS
AND DOLT b0A;)jNG AtIGLE.
710000..0..O0.,0.0..0.
INPUT BOLT DIAtIETER. DEGREES BETWEEN OUTPUT, LOW RANGE, HIGH RANGE,
STEP INCREMENT AND NUMBER OF STEPS DESIRED (7 MAX)

F r.JLLAMIINATE STRESSEcS (Output Option No. 3)

DISTJ ýANGLE. X STRESS y STRESSq SH"VR Kk MiN. DIEThW nIO

0. 0 STRESS PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL

0.0OO L 0.00 -. 00 -10000.00 0.00 -. 00 -10000.00 0.00
0.000 15.00 -490.49 -6031.64 it ,0.53 -. 00 -7322.13 15.00
0.0001 30.00 -. 41 -1.22 .70 -. 00 -1.60 30.00
0. 000 Lr 45. 00 5001.62 5001.62 -50)1.62 10003.25 -. 00 45.00
0.000 L60.00 15003.65 5001.22 -86,,2.36 20004.87 .OC -30.00
0.000 75.00 25480.07 1830.02 -68.9.72 27318.88 .00 -15.00
0.000 90.00- 29993.51 -. 00 -. 00 29993.51 -. 00 -. 00

CiRCUMF£RENTIAL AND RADIAL S":;ESSES & STRAINS (Outpui Option No. 5)

DIST ANGLE THETA PRADIAL SHEAR THETA RADIAL SHEAR
STRESS STRESS STRESS STRAIN STRAIN STRAINI
0.000 0.00 -10000.00 -. 00 0.00 -. 001000 .000300 0.000000
0.000 15.00 -7322.13 -. 00 -. 00 -. 000732 .000220 .000206
0.000 10.00 -1-62 -. 00 .00 -. 000000 .000000 .000000
0.o0n 45.00 10003.25 -. 00 .00 .001000 -. 010299 -. 000000
0.000 60.00 20004.87 .00 .00 .002000 -. 000599 .000562
0.000 75.00 27318.88 .00 .00 .002731 -.. 000019 .000767
0.000 90.00 2q993.51 -. 00 -. 00 .002999 -. 000960 .000000
DO YOU WISH TO CONTINUE?
?NO
SlOe

OP13-011&-221

Figure 11. Isotropic Unloaded Hole

18
 Y

PY PXY

PX

IDO YOU WANT INSTRUCTIOM!S7

?YES
SELECT DESIRED OUTPTrr FROM THE FOLLOWING CASES. 0300
1 CARPET PLOT DATA
2 L'vINAT- PROPERTIES
x
4 LA'IINATE STRAINS +45°
5 CIRCUHFERENtTIAL & RAI)IAL STRESSES/STRAINS 00
6 DISPLACEMEN;TS0
7 STRAINS PER PLY
a1 STRESSES PER PLY gooQ %
9 FAILURE CRITERIk PER PLY
10 AUTOMATIC SEARCH WOa: FAILURE
?10
INPUT nUinDER OF DIFFERENT PLIES TO BE INPUT (8 MAX)
AND NUBER OF DIFFERENT lIATERIAL, (3 MAX)

ii'u E UNIDIRECTIONAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR EACH

MATERIAL IN TIHE FOLLOWING ORDERs El, E2, G12, POISSONS RATIO
18BSE6E 1..E6, .85E6, .3
PUT Tile UNIIIRECTIONAL AILOWJABLES FOR EACH MATERIAL.
t3 TIHE FOLL-XIING ORDERo TI. Ci, T2, C2. SHEAR
72.3ES,3.2E5.2.82E4, 23E4, 1.73E4
INPUT TilE ANGULAR ORIENTATION OF EACH PLY
M0.,45.--45.,90.
INPUT THE TiIICKtNESS OF EACH PLY
- 7 .5, .2,.2, .1
INPUT& FAR FIELD STRESSES PX.PY.FXY, OrF AXIS ANGLE, BEARING STRESS
AND DOLT LOADING ANGLE.
10000.,500..2500.,30.,35000. .10.
INPUT WIIDTHl (0.0 FOR INFINI'E PLATE)
70.0
INPUT BOLT DIAHETER, DEGREES BETWEEN OUTPUT, LOW RANGE, HIGH RANGE,
STEP INCREiENT AND NUMBER OF STEPS DESIRED (7 MAX)
?.25S..O.,360., .02.2
I,!~riuEtUt;7. WHICH COr"E'S.ONDS TO THE FAI L!RF (tRITERIA
YOU WISH TO USE
1 MAXIMUli STRAIN
2 AIXIMIUM STRESS
3 TSAI-HILL
4 MODIFIED TSAI-WU- Input Stresses are Ratioed
5 HOFFM3N Uniformly Until First Ply
?3 Failure is Predicted

AUTOMATIC SEARCH FOR FAILURE (Output Option No. 10)

FAILtRE STRESSES
PX PY PXY P
17243.40 062.17 4310.85 60351.88 "

DIST A NG LE PLY YAILURE FAILURE RATIOS

NUMBER 2 SIHAR
.020 335.00 0.00 .355 -. 210 .,$6 .053
.020 335.00 45.00 .999 .811 -. 131 .537
.020 335.00 -45.00 .730 -. 400 .650 -. 628
.020 335.00 9 1.00 -. 075 -. 78 /

L IIndicates
-Failure
Ply Failure
Initiation Location Angle
-Depicts Relative Magnitude of
Stress Components to Failure Number
-User Specified Distance Away from Hole
at Which Failure is Predicted
Note: The "search" is only done within the user specified "range" with an accuracy ,t 1/2 the
"degrees between output" in locating failure initiation.
GP1"-1 15-219

Figure 12. General Loading! Condition

19

'I.........