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Lecture - 05 Lecture - 05: EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution

This document discusses a lecture on overhead transmission lines from an IIT Roorkee power transmission and distribution course. It covers the main components of overhead lines including support structures, insulators, conductors, and different tower structures. It also describes conductor types like ACSR and bundled conductors. Additionally, it discusses sag and tension in overhead lines, how they are calculated considering factors like span length, conductor weight and tension. Formulas to determine sag and tension at different points along the line are also provided.

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guddu gupta
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49 views19 pages

Lecture - 05 Lecture - 05: EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution

This document discusses a lecture on overhead transmission lines from an IIT Roorkee power transmission and distribution course. It covers the main components of overhead lines including support structures, insulators, conductors, and different tower structures. It also describes conductor types like ACSR and bundled conductors. Additionally, it discusses sag and tension in overhead lines, how they are calculated considering factors like span length, conductor weight and tension. Formulas to determine sag and tension at different points along the line are also provided.

Uploaded by

guddu gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution

Lecture -05

Chapter 2: Overhead Transmission Lines


• Introduction to Overhead Lines
• Mechanical Design
Syllabus (Autumn 2020-21)

1. Introduction (Power Transmission and Distribution Systems)


2. Overhead Transmission Lines
3. Underground Cables
4. Line Parameters and Performance of Transmission Lines
5. HVDC Transmission Systems
6. Tariff
7. Surge Performance and Travelling Waves
2
Reference Books
 B. M. Weedy, B. J. Cory, N. Jenkins, Janaka B. Ekanayake, and Goran Strbac, "Electric Power Systems”,
4th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 2012
 Grainger J. J. and Stevenson W.D., Elements of Power System Analysis", Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, 2008.
 Gonen T., Electric Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design", John Wiley and
Sons, 1990.
 Nagrath I. J. and Kothari D. P., "Power System Engineering", 3rd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Limited, 2008
 Roy S., "Electrical Power System- Concepts, Theory and Practices". Prentice Hall of India Private
Limited, 2007
 C. L. Wadhwa, Electrical Power System, New Age Techno Press, New Delhi, 2010.
 S. N. Singh, Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Second Edition, PHI, New
Delhi, 2011.

3
Chapter 2: Overhead Transmission Lines

Mechanical and electrical design and operational aspects of overhead transmission lines
Main Components of Overhead Line
• Support Structure (Towers): Cost,
voltage level, conductor size,
conductor spacing (cross-arm
length), etc.
– Galvanized steel (for high
voltage)
– Wood, concrete, steel poles (for
low voltage)

• Insulators: Voltage level


– Porcelain
– Glass
– Polymeric insulation

• Conductors: Thermal limit, weight,


conductivity, mechanical strength,
regulation, etc.
Tower Structures (High Voltage Transmission)

Single-Circuit Double-Circuit Double-Circuit


V String Self-supporting towers
Tower Structures (Guyed Wire)

Guyed wire towers


Tower Structures (Low Voltage Distribution)
Types of Conductor
• Copper: Good conductor, durable, high scrap value,
tensile strength, but cost is high.
• Aluminum:
– Cheaper,
– lighter,
– but less conductive (requires large cross section
for same resistance)
– less tensile strength than copper
• Types of Aluminum conductors
– AAC (All Aluminum Conductor)
– AAAC (All Aluminum Alloy Conductor)
– ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced)
– ACAR (Aluminum Conductor Alloy Reinforced)
– Expanded ACSR
ACSR Conductor

• Internal steel strands increase the tensile strength


• Outer aluminum strands carry the current
• Stranded conductor with twisted wires for strength and flexibility of
mechanical handling.
• Twisting is done in opposite direction to avoid unwinding
ACSR Conductor Data Sheets
Bundled Conductors

http://en.wikipedia.org/
Bundles Conductors

A B C
Sag and Tension:
• Sag (d) is defined as vertical distance between the point
where the line is joined to the tower to the lowest point on
the line.
• Sag depends on the tension (T) with which conductors are
pulled.
• Span Length (SL) is horizontal distance between two
towers.
• Vertical distance between lowest point on line to the
ground plane is called ground clearance (GC).
• Values of sag and tension at winter and summer
condition and at various loading conditions must be
known.
• Tension in conductors contributes to the mechanical load
on structures.
– Sag should be minimum to avoid extra pole height
and spacing between the conductors.
220 kV line GC 7.0 m SL 380 CC 5.1 m – Sag and tensions depends on initial tension when
400 kV line GC 8.8 m SL 400 CC 7.0 m are clamped in place.
– Stress in the conductor is function of sag.
Transmission Line Mechanical Design

• Mechanical Design Main


Factors
– Conductor load per unit
length
– Tower spacing, span length
– Temperature
– Conductor tension

• Mechanical loadings
– Weight of conductor itself
– Weight of ice or snow
clinging to wire
– Wind blowing against wire
Calculation of Sag and Tension

Towers at same height Towers at different height

 w =weight per unit length  2l =Span length


 H = tension at point O
 O is the lowest point on the wire
 T = tension at point P
Calculation of Sag and Tension
Calculation of Sag and Tension

Integrating

Thus

At x=0, s=0, therefore c1=0


19

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