Science Grade 9: Learning Activity Sheet

SCIENCE GRADE 9
Name: ________________________________________________________ Grade Level: _________________

Date: _________________________________________________________ Section: _____________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

“How Ions are Formed”
Background Information for Learner

Atoms seek stability. They are most stable when their outer shells are full. For the outer shell to be
full, it must have eight electrons. We call this the Octet Rule. In general, atoms have the tendency to lose
or gain electrons to fulfill the octet rule.
The elements on the Periodic Table are electrically neutral because they have the same number of
positively charged (protons) and negatively charged (electrons) particles. An ion is an atom that has gained
or lost one or more electrons, thus giving the atom a positive or negative charge.
There are two types of an ion: cation and anion. A cation forms when the atom loses an electron on
the outer shell (valence electron) which makes the atom positively charged. An anion is an atom that has
gained another electron on its outer shell making the atom negatively charged.
Take the example of the Flourine atom. It has 9 protons and 9 electrons, so it is electrically neutral.
The outermost shell has seven electrons. It only needs one more to satisfy the Octet Rule. If
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 31
Fluorine borrows one electron, it gains one electron; it becomes a fluoride and has a negative charge (F-)
with an electric charge of -1.
The charge of an ion is indicated by a plus (+) or a minus (-) sign and is written on the upper right after the
element’s chemical symbol. Below is a table of some common ions and how they are written.
IONIZATION is the process wherein atoms become ion.
Let us look at Sodium Chloride (NaCl) on Figure 2. Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11 and is
under Group IA. There is one valence electron on its outer shell. With one valence electron, the atom is very
unstable in its single form.
If sodium gives away its one electron on its outer shell, then sodium will now how more protons than
electrons and will become positively charged and will be written as Na.
In the same way, let’s study the Chlorine (Cl) atom. Chlorine is under Group VIIA. The valence shell
of this group has seven valence electrons which means that the atom only needs one more electron to satisfy
the Octet Rule. The electron configuration of Chlorine is 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p5. With 7 valence electrons,
the Chlorine atom is more likely to gain an electron than share it. When Chlorine gains an electron, it will
now become an anion with the symbol Cl- because it has more electrons than protons.
Learning Competency:
Explain how ions are formed (Quarter 2, Week 3) S9MT-IIe-f
ACTIVITY 1: TO GAIN OR TO LOSE?

Directions: Complete the table and answer the questions that follow based on the given periodic table. The
first two elements were made for you.
ELEMENT NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF

VALENCE ELECTRONS TO ELECTRONS TO
ELECTRON GAIN LOSE
Example: Li 1 none 1
Example: N 5 3 none
Be
C
C
Ne
Na
Al
P
Ar
K
Ca
ACTIVITY 2
ELECTRON LENDING
Directions: Complete the missing information in the table. Use the periodic table in the
previous activity.
NUMBER OF
ELEMENT VALENCE GAIN or LOSE TYPE OF ION
ELECTRON FORMED
Example: Na 1 Lose cation
K 1 3 none
S 6 Lose
Mg 2 Gain
Hg 2 Gain
Ba 2 Lose
Cl 7 Gain
As 5 Gain
Cs 1 Lose
Po 6 Gain
P 5 Gain
Ga 3 Lose
Activity 3
Received! Octet Rule Achieve!
Directions: Using the Periodic Table, identify which groups the following elements belong.
Use the periodic table in Activity 1.
NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF GROUP
ELEMEN VALENCE VALENCE VALENCE WHERE IT
T ELECTRON ELECTRON ELECTRON BELONGS
Na 1 Lose Cation
K 1 Lose Cation
Mg 2 Lose Cation
Hg 2 Lose Cation
S 6 Gain Anion
I 7 Gain Anion
Ba 2 Lose Cation
Zn 2 Lose Cation
Cs 1 Lose Cation
As 5 Gain Anion
P 5 Gain Anion
Ga 3 Lose Cation
ACTIVITY 4:
CLASSIFY-ION
Directions: From the following names of ions, write the chemical formula of the ion and the correct
electrical charge. Be sure to include the proper sign (+/-).
ION CHEMICAL FORMULA CHARGE

3+
Example: Iron (III) Fe +
Sulfide
Phosphide
Vanadium(II)
Nitride
Tin(IV)
Calcium ion
Oxide
Chlorine
Barium ion
Strontium ion
Directions: Write the symbol and charges of the atoms given below and identify whether it is an anion or a
cation and metal/nonmetal.
ELEMENT SYMBOL AND METAL/NONMENTAL ANION/CATION
CHARGE
Example: Calcium Ca2+ Metal Cation
Bromine
Aluminum
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Manganese (IV)
Chlorine
Oxygen
Potassium
Copper (II)
Lead (II)
ACTIVITY 5: ARE YOU CHARGED?

Directions: Determine the charges on the following elements based on their location on the Periodic Table.
ELEMENT CHARGE
Fluorine
Magnesium
Sodium
Zinc
Sulfur
Directions: Complete the diagram below.
Directions: Using the diagram above, determine the charges of the following.
An atom having lost two electrons………………………… __________________________________

An atom having gained one electron……………………… __________________________________
An atom having lost 4 electrons…………………………… __________________________________
An atom having lost one electron…………………………. __________________________________
An atom having gained four electrons…………………….. __________________________________
Directions: Answer the following questions.
1. Will metals lose or gain electrons?

Answer: ______________________________________
2. Consider your answer for #1, what type of ions will metals form?
Answer: ______________________________________
3. Why do the elements in Group VIIIA have zero as the charge of the ions that will form?
Answer: ______________________________________
CLOSURE/ REFLECTION
I have learned that ions are _________________________________. Atoms borrow or give away
electrons to _________________________________. An atom that gains an electron is called
_________________________________ while an atom that lost an electron is called
_________________________________. Metals _________________________________ electrons while
non-metals usually _________________________________ electrons. Electron gained or lost depends on
the _________________________________ on its outermost shell. The Noble gases or
_________________________________ is the _________________________________ of all the elements
on the periodic table because _________________________________.
REFERENCES:
Ball, D. & Key, J. (n.d). Introductory Chemistry-1st Canadian Edition. Retrieved from:
https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/front-matter/about-the-book-2/#return-footnote6047-1
Mapa, A. & Fidelino, T. (2001). Chemistry: Textbook in Science and Technology. SD Publications,
Inc. Whittaker, M. (2020). Science. Retrieved from:
https://www.saddlespace.org/whittakerm/science/cms_page/view/7795195
Prepared by:
CHRISTIAN D. ROMERO
Science Subject Teacher
Checked by:
LOURDES B. RAMOS
Head Teacher III
Noted by:
LOURDES S. SEVILLA
Secondary School Principal III

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SCIENCE GRADE 9

Name: ________________________________________ Grade Level: _

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information for Learner

ACTIVITY 1: TO GAIN OR TO LOSE?

ELEMENT NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF

ION CHEMICAL FORMULA CHARGE

ACTIVITY 5: ARE YOU CHARGED?

Directions: Complete the diagram below.

An atom having lost two electrons………………………… __________________________________

Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. Will metals lose or gain electrons?

Science Subject Teacher

Head Teacher III

Secondary School Principal III

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