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ECE 421 Lab2

1. The objectives of the laboratory are to understand how the modulation index affects the AM modulated signal, analyze the AM signal in the frequency domain, and derive the equation for an AM signal. 2. Amplitude modulation varies the amplitude of a carrier signal proportionally to the amplitude of the modulating signal. The modulation index is the ratio of the modulating signal amplitude to the carrier signal amplitude. 3. Using SCILAB software, the experiment generates AM signals and observes them in the time and frequency domains for different modulation indices. The power in the sidebands increases with higher modulation indices.

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80 views2 pages

ECE 421 Lab2

1. The objectives of the laboratory are to understand how the modulation index affects the AM modulated signal, analyze the AM signal in the frequency domain, and derive the equation for an AM signal. 2. Amplitude modulation varies the amplitude of a carrier signal proportionally to the amplitude of the modulating signal. The modulation index is the ratio of the modulating signal amplitude to the carrier signal amplitude. 3. Using SCILAB software, the experiment generates AM signals and observes them in the time and frequency domains for different modulation indices. The power in the sidebands increases with higher modulation indices.

Uploaded by

LuelsonCordovaDeclarador
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ECE 421

Principles of Communication (Lab)


Amplitude Modulation
Laboratory No. 2

I. Objectives

1. To be acquinted to the effect of the modulation index to the input.


2. To analyze and understand how the AM modulated signal is described in the frequency
domain.
3. To write an equation for an AM modulated signal and understand the significance of all
constants in the formula.

II. Basic Theory

Amplitude Modulation is the process of changing the amplitude of a high frequency


carrier signal in proportion with the simultaneous value of the modulating signal. AM is a
subset of the group of modulation techniques that are said to be linear. Such techniques
include double sideband modulation, upper sideband modulation, lower sideband
modulation, and AM. Amplitude modulation is also used two-way mobile radio
communications.
All of these linear modulation techniques are similar, in that they shift the input
signal up to a transmittable frequency by modulating the original signal using sinusoid;
differences in the bandwidth and frequency bands over which these methods are used
result in important differences in implementation and application.
For the modulation index it is relationship between the amplitudes of the modulating
signal to the carrier signal. It is expressed in terms of the ratio modulating signal voltage
to the carrier voltage.

III. Equipment/ Materials/ Component

SCILAB on Computer

IV. Schematic Diagram

Amplitude Modulator

Information Modulator Output

Carrier Signal

VII. Observation
In this activity we performed we observed an modulating signal using SCILAB and
that complex wave is usually simplified by representing the high frequency carrier wave.
The information signal is usually called the modulating signal and the higher frequency
signal which is being modulated is called the carrier or the modulated wave. The carrier
signal is usually a sine wave while the information signal can be any shape. The AM
signal is the result of this combined waves.

The increase in the modulating signal amplitude causes the amplitude of the carrier to
increase.

For the power distribution of AM signal with respect to the sideband, the upper sideband
and the lower sideband are almost equal as shown in the frequency domain. This power
varies with the percentage of modulation base on the depth of AM. Denotes that the
higher the percentage of modulation the greatest the sideband power and was stronger to
use to transmit and receive signal.

The modulation index should be between 0 and 1. If greater than 1 it will cause a severe
distortion to the modulated wave form as perform. If the modulation index increases the
modulation depth also increases.

VIII. Synthesis and Conclusion.

Using SCILAB, it is very useful in generating the AM signals, and frequency spectrum.
The higher the modulation index the higher the distortion. In the activity we performed
we used different modulation index and we are able to see the graphs and analyze the
results of the time domain and frequency domain. There is a change in frequency value of
both carrier and modulating signals.

As the modulation index increases, the depth of amplitude signal also increases. As the
amplitude of the modulating signal varies, the frequency deviation changes. Through
procedures the basic principle of amplitude modulation.

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