Alcohol Detection with Automatic vehicle ignition.

PROJECT SUBMITTED TO

Under the Guidence of

 ABSTRACT

The main objective of our project is to provide an optimum solution

to the traffic hazards and the road accidents. According to this project
when a vehicle driver consume alcohol the signal sends it to motor
driver and motor will turn on/off.
 CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

3
1.1 Project Overview
1.2
The high demand of automobiles has increased the traffic
hazards and the road accidents. Life of the people is under high risk.
This is because of the Drunk & drive (DD in our country. This
design is a system which can detect Drunk & drive in significantly
less time This alert signal is sent to the motor driver and motor will
turn off, which will help in saving the valuable lives. When the
alcohol detects the ignition (motor)will turned OFF.
How MQ3 Alcohol Sensor Works? & Interface it with Arduino

This sensor detects the presence and the concentration of alcohol present in the
air. So, if you are planning to make your own breathalyzer to measure the amount
of alcohol in the human body, the MQ3 alcohol sensor module is a great option.

MQ3 Alcohol Sensor

MQ3 is one of the most commonly used sensors in the MQ sensor series. It is a
Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) type of sensor. Metal oxide sensors are
also known as Chemiresistors, because sensing is based on the change of
resistance of the sensing material when exposed to alcohol. So by placing it in a
simple voltage divider network, alcohol concentrations can be detected.
MQ3 alcohol sensor works on 5V DC and draws around 800mW. It can detect
Alcohol concentrations anywhere from 25 to 500 ppm.

What is 1 ppm equal to?

When measuring gases, the term concentration is used to describe the amount of
gas by volume in the air. The two most common units of measurement are parts-
per-million, and percent concentration.

Parts-per-million (abbreviated ppm) is the ratio of one gas to another. For example,
500ppm of alcohol means that if you could count a million gas molecules, 500 of
them would be of alcohol and 999500 molecules would be some other gases.

Here are the complete specifications

Operating voltage 5V

Load resistance 200 KΩ

Heater resistance 33Ω ± 5%

Heating consumption <800mw

Sensing Resistance 1 MΩ – 8 MΩ

Concentration Scope 25 – 500 ppm

Preheat Time Over 24 hour

Internal structure of MQ3 Alcohol Sensor
MQ3 is a heater-driven sensor. That’s why it is enclosed in two layers of fine
stainless steel mesh called an Anti-explosion network. It ensures that heater
element inside the sensor will not cause an explosion, as we are sensing flammable
gas (alcohol).

It also provides protection for the sensor and filters out suspended particles so that
only gaseous elements are able to pass inside the chamber.

This is what the sensor looks like when outer mesh is removed. The star-shaped
structure is formed by the sensing element and six connecting legs that extend
beyond the Bakelite base. Out of six, two leads (H) are responsible for heating the
sensing element and are connected via a Nickel-Chromium coil ( a well known
conductive alloy).

The remaining four leads (A & B) responsible for output signals are connected
using Platinum Wires. These wires are connected to the body of the sensing
element and convey small changes in the current that passes through the sensing
element.
The tubular sensing element is made up of Aluminum Oxide (AL2O3) based
ceramic and has a coating of Tin Dioxide (SnO2). The Tin Dioxide is the most
important material being sensitive towards alcohol. However, the ceramic substrate
only increases the heating efficiency and ensures that the sensor area is
continuously heated to the working temperature.

So, to summarize, the Nickel-Chromium coil and Aluminum Oxide based ceramic
forms a Heating System; while Platinum wires and coating of Tin Dioxide forms
a Sensing System.
How MQ3 Alcohol Sensor Works?
When SnO2 semiconductor layer is heated at high temperature, oxygen is
adsorbed on the surface. In clean air, electrons from the conduction band in tin
dioxide are attracted to oxygen molecules. This form an electron depletion layer just
below the surface of SnO2 particles and forms a potential barrier. As a result, the
SnO2 film becomes highly resistive and prevents electric current flow.

In the presence of alcohol, however, the surface density of adsorbed oxygen

decreases as it reacts with the alcohols; which lowers the potential barrier.
Electrons are then released into the tin dioxide, allowing current to flow freely
through the sensor.
MQ3 Alcohol Sensor Module Hardware
Overview
Since the MQ3 alcohol sensor is not breadboard compatible, we recommend this
handy little breakout board. It’s very easy to use and comes with two different
outputs. It not only provides a binary indication of the presence of alcohol but also
an analog representation of its concentration in air.

The analog output voltage provided by the sensor (at AO pin) varies in proportion to
the alcohol concentration. The higher the alcohol concentration in the air, the higher
the output voltage; Whereas lower concentration gives lower output voltage. The
following animation shows the relationship between alcohol concentration and
output voltage.

The same analog signal is fed to a LM393 High Precision Comparator to digitize it
and is made available at the Digital Output (DO) pin.
The module has a built-in potentiometer for adjusting the sensitivity of the digital
output (DO). You can use it to set a threshold; so that when the alcohol
concentration exceeds the threshold value, the module will output LOW otherwise
HIGH.

This setup is very useful when you want to trigger an action when certain threshold
is reached. For example, when the alcohol concentration in the breath exceed a
threshold, you can tell if someone is drunk. You got the idea!
RESISTORS
A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component designed to
oppose an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its
terminals in proportion to the current, that is, in accordance with
Ohm's law:
V = IR
Resistors are used as part of electrical networks and electronic
circuits. They are extremely commonplace in most electronic
equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds
and films, as well As resistance wire (wire made of a high-
resistivity alloy, such as nickel/chrome).
 Fig. 3.10: Resistor
The primary characteristics of resistors are their resistance and
the power they can dissipate. Other characteristics include
temperature coefficient, noise, and inductance. Less well-known is
critical resistance, the value below which power dissipation limits
the maximum permitted current flow, and above which the limit is
applied voltage. Critical resistance depends upon the materials
constituting the resistor as well as its physical dimensions; it's
determined by design. Resistors can be integrated into hybrid and
printed circuits, as well as integrated circuits. Size, and position of
leads (or terminals) are relevant to equipment designers; resistors
must be physically large enough not to overheat when dissipating
their power.
3.5 CAPACITORS

A capacitor or condenser is a passive electronic component

consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric. When a
voltage potential difference exists between the conductors, an
electric field is present in the dielectric. This field stores energy and
produces a mechanical force between the plates. The effect is
greatest between wide, flat, parallel, narrowly separated conductors.

Fig. 3.11: Capacitors

An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value,
capacitance, which is measured in farads. This is the ratio of the
electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference
between them. In practice, the dielectric between the plates passes a
small amount of leakage current. The conductors and leads
introduce an equivalent series resistance and the dielectric has an
electric field strength limit resulting in a breakdown voltage. The
properties of capacitors in a circuit may determine the resonant
frequency and quality factor of a resonant circuit, power
dissipation and operating
frequency in a digital logic circuit, energy capacity in a high-power
system, and many other important aspects.

Fig. 3.12: Principle of Capacitance

Applications:
Commercial fleet operators are by far the largest users of vehicle
tracking systems. These systems are used for operational functions
such as routing, security, dispatch and collecting on-board
information. These are also used for fire detector in large vehicles
like train, bus etc. because the vehicle like train contains large
number of people and the sending alert of fire accident can save
many lives. The applications for this project are in military,
navigation, automobiles, aircrafts, fleet management, remote
monitoring, remote control, security systems, tele services, etc.
• Fleet monitoring
• Vehicle scheduling
• Route monitoring
• Driver monitoring
• Accident analysis
Advantages:
1. It can reduce dead percentage of people.
2. The immediate medication will be provided to the accident victims in the remote areas
3. Reducing the time between when an accident takes place
4. Easy to operate.
5. Sophisticated security.
6. Simple and Reliable Design.
FUTURE SCOPE
FUTURE SCOPE:
 We can monitor some parameters of vehicle like overheat or
LPG gas leakage.
 We can dial an emergency call if the vehicle goes out of a
certain/pre-decided track.
 This system can be interfaced with vehicle airbag system that
prevents vehicle occupants from striking interior objects such
as the steering wheel or window.

Due to
accidents
Unintentional
23% deaths
50% Suicides
7%
10% Other causes
10%
Reductions in
deaths

Fig. 7.1: Chart Indicating Analysis of Accidents Occured

 REFERENCES:

www.8051projects.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.atmel.com
www.tatateleservices.com
www.roseindia.net

1) R.S GAONKAR Microprocessor architecture programming

and Application” WILEY EASTERN LTD, NEWDELHI
2) KRISHNA KANT “Microprocessor and microcontroller”
EASTERN COMPANY EDITION NEW DELHI 2007
3) DANIEL .W.LEWIS “Fundamental of embedded software
“prentice Hall of India, 2004
4) WILLIAM STALLING “Wireless communication and
Networks”, 2nd edition, 2005 prentice hall of India