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Data Handling Notes

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Midhun Bhuvanesh.B 7A
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71 views

Data Handling Notes

Uploaded by

Midhun Bhuvanesh.B 7A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8/9/2020 Data Handling

Double Bar Graphs


Double Bar Graphs

Double bar graphs are an effective tool to compare the values of two quantities for the same
observation.

For example, consider the marks obtained by five students of a class in two tests.
Using a double bar graph, we can analyse which week students had better marks.

Averages
Arithmetic Mean and Range

The average or arithmetic mean or mean of a given data is defined as :


Sum of  all observations
M ean =
N umber of  observations

The difference between the highest and the lowest observations in a given data is called its
Range.

Example: Ages of all 10  teachers in grade 7 are : 25, 43, 34, 55, 44, 60, 32, 29, 35, 40.

Mean =
25+43+34+55+44+60+32+29+35+40 397
= = 39.7 years
10 10

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Range = Higest Observation - Lowest Observation


            = 60 - 25 = 35

Median

When a given data is arranged in ascending (or descending) order, then the middle most
observation is called the median of the data.

Example : Marks scored by seven students in a class are: 21, 32, 18 ,93, 21, 36, 50.
                 Observations in ascending order: 18, 21, 21, 32, 36, 50, 93.
                 Middle most value = 32
                 ∴ Median is 32.

Mode

The mode of a set of observations is the observation that occurs most often.

Example: Given set of numbers: 1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 2, 4


                Ascending Order = 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4
                ∴ Mode of this data is 2 because it occurs more 
                frequently.
Note : A data can have more than 1 mode.

Chance and Probability


Chance and Probability

Probability is the measure or the chance of occurrence of a particular event. 

Experiments which do not have a fixed result are known as random experiments.

Number of outcomes or Sample Space 


The set of all the possible outcomes to occur in any experiment is known as sample space.

Examples:
Experiment : Tossing a coin, Sample Space (S) = {H,T}
Experiment : Rolling a die, Sample Space (S) = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
 

Favourable outcome - It is one of the possible result(s) of an experiment.

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Examples :
In an experiment of Tossing a coin, getting a head.
Favourable outcome = {H}
In an experiment of Rolling a die, getting an even number
Favourable outcomes = {2,4,6}

Probability of occurrence of any event,

P(E)=
N umber of  F avourable Outcomes

T otal N umber of  Outcomes

Example : Find the probability of getting an even number when a die is rolled.
Sample Space (S) = {1,2,3,4,5,6} , Favourable outcomes = {2,4,6}

P(E)=
N umber of  F avourable Outcomes 3 1
= =
T otal N umber of  Outcomes 6 2

The Scale
The Scale

Large numbers cannot be represented in a bar graph, so scaling factor is used to reduce or
scale down large numbers. 

Bar graph showing population in some villages

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Example:
The scale on the y-axis is 1 unit = 200 people.
 

Basics: The Right Data in the Right Form


Introduction: Data

Data are individual pieces of information, information about a particular system.


They can be in the form of figures or numbers.
Data is collected to analyse specific information for a specific purpose.

Organization of Data

Data is organised and represented graphically so that it becomes easy to understand and
interpret. This is called organisation of data.

Basics: Pictographs and Bar Graphs


Pictograph and Bar Graphs

Pictograph is a pictorial representation of data.


Here data is represented using images of the objects.

Pictograph

The graphical representation of data using bars of uniform width drawn vertically or
horizontally with different lengths is called as bar graphs/bar diagrams. Bar diagrams

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consist of two axes: X axis and Y axis.


The following is a bar graph showing birthday of students in a class. Graph showing
birthday of students in a class.

Bar graph

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