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Bar Charts - Different Types

A simple bar chart represents one variable using bars of equal width but varying lengths. To create one, horizontal and vertical axes are drawn and the variable is plotted along the vertical axis with class labels along the horizontal axis. Bars are drawn with lengths corresponding to the variable's values for each class. Multiple bar charts compare two or more related variables using different colors or patterns. Component bar charts divide the total bar for each class into sections representing components. Percentage component bar charts express each component as a percentage of the total for its class. Deviation bar graphs display two response sets on the same questions with one set reversed to facilitate comparison.

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BADAM NAVINA Finance2019
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2K views6 pages

Bar Charts - Different Types

A simple bar chart represents one variable using bars of equal width but varying lengths. To create one, horizontal and vertical axes are drawn and the variable is plotted along the vertical axis with class labels along the horizontal axis. Bars are drawn with lengths corresponding to the variable's values for each class. Multiple bar charts compare two or more related variables using different colors or patterns. Component bar charts divide the total bar for each class into sections representing components. Percentage component bar charts express each component as a percentage of the total for its class. Deviation bar graphs display two response sets on the same questions with one set reversed to facilitate comparison.

Uploaded by

BADAM NAVINA Finance2019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Simple Bar Chart

A simple bar chart is used to represents data involving only one variable classified on
spatial, quantitative or temporal basis. In simple bar chart, we make bars of equal width
but variable length, i.e. the magnitude of a quantity is represented by the height or length
of the bars. Following steps are undertaken in drawing a simple bar diagram:

 Draw two perpendicular lines one horizontally and the other vertically at an
appropriate place of the paper.
 Take the basis of classification along horizontal line (X−axis) and the observed
variable along vertical line (Y−axis) or vice versa.
 Marks signs of equal breath for each class and leave equal or not less than half
breath in between two classes.
 Finally marks the values of the given variable to prepare required bars.

 Example:

Draw simple bar diagram to represent the profits of a bank for 5 years.

Years 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993


Profit (million $$) 10 12 18 25 42

Simple bar chart showing the profit of a bank for 5 years.

Multiple Bar Chart


By multiple bars diagram two or more sets of inter-related data are represented (multiple
bar diagram facilities comparison between more than one phenomena). The technique of
simple bar chart is used to draw this diagram but the difference is that we use different
shades, colors, or dots to distinguish between different phenomena. We use to draw
multiple bar charts if the total of different phenomena is meaningless.

Example:

Draw a multiple bar chart to represent the import and export of Canada (values in $) for
the years 1991 to 1995.

Years Imports Exports


1991 7930 4260
1992 8850 5225
1993 9780 6150
1994 11720 7340
1995 12150 8145

Simple bar chart showing the import and export of Canada from 1991 – 1995.

Component Bar Chart


Sub-divided or component bar chart is used to represent data in which the total
magnitude is divided into different or components.

In this diagram, first we make simple bars for each class taking total magnitude in that
class and then divide these simple bars into parts in the ratio of various components. This
type of diagram shows the variation in different components within each class as well as
between different classes. Sub-divided bar diagram is also known as component bar chart
or staked chart.

Example:

The table below shows the quantity in hundred kgs of Wheat, Barley and Oats produced
on a certain form during the years 1991 to 1994.

Years Wheat Barley Oats


1991 34 18 27
1992 43 14 24
1993 43 16 27
1994 45 13 34

Construct a component bar chart to illustrate this data.

Solution:

To make the component bar chart, first of all we have to take year wise total production.

Years Wheat Barley Oats Total


1991 34 18 27 79
1992 43 14 24 81
1993 43 16 27 86
1994 45 13 34 92

The required diagram is given below:


Percentage Component Bar Chart

Sub-divided bar chart may be drawn on percentage basis. To draw sub-divided bar chart
on percentage basis, we express each component as the percentage of its respective total.
In drawing percentage bar chart, bars of length equal to 100 for each class are drawn at
first step and sub-divided in the proportion of the percentage of their component in the
second step. The diagram so obtained is called percentage component bar chart or
percentage staked bar chart. This type of chart is useful to make comparison in
components holding the difference of total constant.

Example:

The table below shows the quantity in hundred kgs of Wheat, Barley and Oats produced
on a certain form during the years 1991 to 1994.

Years Wheat Barley Oats


1991 34 18 27
1992 43 14 24
1993 43 16 27
1994 45 13 34
       

Construct a percentage component bar chart to illustrate this data.

Solution:

Necessary computations for the construction of percentage bar chart given below:
Item 1991 1992 1993 1994
  % Cum% % Cum% % Cum% % Cum%
Wheat 43.0 43.0 53.1 53.1 50.0 50.0 48.9 48.9
Barley 22.8 65.8 17.3 70.4 18.6 68.6 14.1 63.0
Oats 34.2 100 29.6 100 31.4 100 37.0 100
Total 100   100   100   100  

 % indicates Percentage of each item


 Cum% indicates the cumulative percentage.

Percentage Component Bar Chart

Deviation Bar graph


Deviation bar graphs are simply two bar charts aligned, where one of the charts runs right
to left rather than left to right. The two charts report on the same categories but differ in
terms of respondent group or some other variable. Thus, the shared categories, such as
the survey questions, are listed in the space in the middle of the two bar charts. Usually,
these are constructed as bar charts, where the bars are horizontal, not column charts.

The purpose of graphing each set of responses separately from one another is so that it is
easier to see the shape of each response set. Thus it is important to order one of the
response sets from greatest to least, so that it is easier for a viewer to see where the other
response set is out of shape.

Example

Response sets from teachers and principals

This example shows the response sets of teachers and principals to a set of common
survey questions. Principal responses are ordered greatest to least, so it becomes obvious
that the teachers differed.

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