Sqlteaching Curriculum
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BmanSqlteaching Curriculum
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BmanIntro
In SQL, data is usually organized in various tables. For example, a sports team
database might have tables <em>teams</em>, <em>players</em>, and <em>games</em>. A
wedding database might have tables guests, vendors, and music_playlist.
<br/><br/>
Imagine we have a table that stores family members with each member's name,
age, species, and gender.
SELECT *
Select * all
Let's start by grabbing all of the data. We have a table called
"family_members" that is shown below. In order to grab all of that data, please
run the following command: <br/><strong>SELECT * FROM family_members;</strong>
FILTERING
Equality
In order to select particular rows from this table, we use the "WHERE"
keyword. So for example, if we wanted to grab all of the rows that correspond to
humans, we would type "SELECT * FROM family_members WHERE species = 'human';" Note
that the quotes have to be around the word 'human'. Can you run a query that
returns all of the rows that refer to dogs?
Greater than
-- maybe make a really old grandma?
If we want to only select members based on a numerical field, we can also
use the "WHERE" keyword. In SQL, > means "greater than". For example, if we
wanted to select family members greater than 10, we would type "SELECT * FROM
family_members WHERE age > 10;".
<br/>
Can you run a query that returns all rows of members with an age greater
than 27?
Greater than or equal
SQL accepts various inequality symbols, including <br/>= "equal to"<br/>>
"greater than"<br/>< "less than"<br/>>= "greater than or equal to"<br/><= "less
than or equal to"<br/><br/> Can you return all rows of members with an age less
than or equal to 27?
SELECT - limiting the results
Selecting particular columns
<code>SELECT *</code> grabs all fields (called columns) in a table. If WE
only wanted to see the name and age columns, we would type <code>SELECT name, age
FROM family_members</code>.<br/><br/>Can you return just the name and species
columns?
LIMIT 2
Often, tables contain millions of rows, and it can take a while to grab
everything. If we just want to get a few examples of the data in a table, we may
want to select only a few rows. If we want to select 2 rows, we would add
<code>LIMIT 2</code> at the end of the query.<br/><br/> Can you return the first
row (and all columns) of a table called menu_items?<br/><br/> Note: A SQL interface
like SequelPro automatically limits the rows returned to the first 1000.
AGGREGATION
COUNT(*)
Another way to explore a table is to check the number of rows in it. For
example, if we are querying a table <em>states_of_us</em> we\'d expect 50 rows, or
500 rows in a table called <em>fortune_500_companies</em>.<br/><br/><code>SELECT
COUNT(*) FROM family_members</code> returns the total number of rows in the table
<em>family_members</em>. Try this for yourself.
COUNT(*) ... WHERE
We can combine <code>COUNT(*)</code> with <code>WHERE</code>. For example,
<code>SELECT COUNT(*) FROM family_members WHERE species = 'human'</code> returns
2.<br/><br/>Can you return the number of rows in family_members where the species
is a dog?
SUM
AVG, MAX, MIN,
GROUP BY
SELECT
ORDER BY
When we use <code>LIMIT 1</code>, we just select the first row in the
table. If we want to select the first row
You can order by any type of field (numbers, strings, dates).
DISTINCT
Advanced Filtering
AND
OR
BETWEEN
BETWEEN, < , >, <=, >= for Dates
LIKE
IN
-- need a new table for this to be interesting
joining
Instead of storing the species type as a string, we are now
Looking for what you need
STRING Functions:
LIKE using %
lcase, ucase
LEFT, RIGHT
DATE functions
Data sets:
menu_items:
dish, price, calories
sqlstr += "INSERT INTO family_members VALUES (1, 'Dave', 'male', 'human', 28);"
sqlstr += "INSERT INTO family_members VALUES (2, 'Mary', 'female', 'human', 27);"
sqlstr += "INSERT INTO family_members VALUES (3, 'Pickles', 'male', 'dog', 4);"
