DCC40132 - PROJECT MANAGEMENT & PRACTICES

TOPIC 3:
SITE SUPERVISION AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN
CONSTRUCTION

PUAN AZHANI BINTI ARIFFIN

CONTENT OF THIS CHAPTER…
3.1 Interpret the concept of site supervision
3.1.1 List the duties of site supervisor and assistant engineer
3.1.2 Explain the content of records during construction:
a. Site diary
b. Weekly report and monthly report
c. Progress photograph and video recording
d. Site meeting minutes
3.1.3 Identify the factors of delays in construction

3.2 Apply safety and environmental management in construction

3.2.1 Define safety and environmental management system in construction
3.2.2 Explain the major factors contribute to construction accidents
3.2.3 Explain the element of safety management
3.2.4 Explain the environmental management plan
 CONSTRUCTION TEAM

Assistant Assistant
Engineer Engineer
 PROJECT
SUPERVISION
 Project supervision is crucial in every construction project. To earn profit,
the construction works must be;
1. performed in compliance with the requirements of the contract
document of each project
2. Performed at a cost equal to or less than the contract cost of
completing the work.

 Project supervisor is the management person closest to the workforce

on site
 He/She has to continuously makes decisions and takes actions directly
affect the cost of the work, duration of the project, the workmanship
quality and the safety of the work.
** see the hand-out for comprehensive roles
 SUPERVISOR

A registered Professional Engineer (P.E.) responsible for

supervising and overseeing an engineering section of
engineers, technicians and other professionals assigned to a
functional group within an engineering section and
supervising project consultants, as necessary.
 Disciplined

A coacher Adapt to
/mentor change
Characteristic
of Project
Be an Supervision
example Great
communication
Criticize skills
constructively
 THE EFFECTIVE SUPERVISOR

Technically competent knows how to build

Is willing to try new ideas

Focuses on work production,

cost, and risk

Challenges and critiques as well as monitors work

Puts a high priority on quality and safety

 Assistant
engineer

 Qualification: Diploma in engineering field & above.

 Responsible for assisting engineers in coordinating and managing
construction activities and provision of work schedule
 Executing tasks directed by related engineer
 Helps in preparing documents and response to the site audit report.
 Schedules site visits and project monitoring.
 Represents site engineer in meetings (the engineer can’t attend the
meeting)
 Assistant
engineer
Support senior engineers with design procedures and assessment practices.
Helping testing out machinery components to check they are working safely
and efficiently or helping with the preliminary designs of equipment yet to be
installed.
Buying new materials, machinery or essential engineering tools and with
providing technical on-site support to labourers.
Managing a small team by himself on smaller engineering project.
Performs general planning and administrative tasks associated with assigned
projects, analyzes and develops or assists in development of project scopes,
cost estimates and project schedules.
Conducts or assists in conducting field, site and office studies, investigations
and research, performs calculations and analyses
 4.2.2 Understand the duties of a technician and assistant engineer.
a.Discuss and distinguish between the duties of a technician and
assistant engineer.
b Relate the duty of a technician with an assistant engineer.

The duties of a Technician or a The duties of an assistant engineer:

site supervisor :
> Supervising construction sites
> Translate drawings and ensure
that work on construction sites in
> Look after the welfare of
employees accordance with the drawings
> Ensure that the materials in > Solve the problems / confusion
good condition. (cement, bricks about the drawing by the main
and others)
contractor and sub contractors
> Conducts materials testing and
analysis, using tools and > Doing as directed by the
equipment. construction manager
> Confer with Asst. Eng to > Assist in designing, developing
determine project details, such as
plan preparation, acceptance and executing construction projects
testing, and evaluation of field
conditions.
> Prepare reports and document
project activities and data.
10
 Site diary

What is a site diary used for in construction?

• Site diaries are the backbone of construction site reporting. They are used to document
daily site progress and ensure any project hiccups or claims can easily be traced back to a
site diary or other document to prove exactly what happened - along with supporting
evidence and signoff.
• Site diaries are often the final proof in small and large court cases and claims.
• Many documents and permits in the construction industry are reactive - meaning they are
used and completed in response to an event occurring. Site diaries are proactive. They are
completed every day regardless of circumstance in order to stay ahead future events.
 Site diary
So what needs to be in site diary?
• Site diary will vary from project to project, but shouldn't vary from day-to-
day. The obvious form fields that must be a part of every site diary entry
are things like the time and date, shift location, weather, supporting
photos and videos and a shift summary which will usually focus on:
a) Shift activities
b) Work executed
c) Rate of production
d) Other comments
e) Safety, enviro and quality issues & incidents
• In addition, depending on your role on site, you may be charged with
completing more information surrounding labour, plant, equipment,
materials and expenses.
• The most important part of site diary etiquette is that you do it daily - and
when specific incidents occur. Your site diary is your document of first
record - and it is the reference point for many other important documents,
such as variations.
• More reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uU4vgeb8LYw
Other records during
construction

1) Weekly report and monthly report

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhGFwTjB094
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vf6eBvLEgTc

2) Progress photograph and video recording

https://www.kci.com/resources-
insights/innovator/360-degree-cameras-document-
construction-progress/

3) Site meeting minutes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KCnumwQ2zs
 THE FACTORS OF DELAYS IN CONSTRUCTION
 Poor planning and scheduling
 Slow/poor decision-making process
 Internal administrative procedures and bureaucracy within project organisations
 Resources shortage (human resources, machinery, equipment)
 Poor communication and coordination between parties
 Slow quality inspection process of the completed work
 Design changes during construction/change orders; sponsor/owner/client lack of commitment
and/or clear demands (goals and objectives)
 Late/slow/incomplete/improper design
 Office issues; and users’ issues.

Top 10 universal delay factors are:

 Design changes during construction/change orders
 Delays in payment of contractor(s)
 Poor planning and scheduling
 Poor site management and supervision
 Incomplete or improper design
 Inadequate contractor experience/building methods and approaches
 Contractor’s financial difficulties; sponsor/owner/client’s financial difficulties
 Resources shortage (human resources, machinery, equipment)
 Poor labour productivity and shortage of skills.

Other reference: https://www.schedulereader.com/blog/8-reasons-for-construction-project-delays

SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION

Relevant resources for HSE Management in Construction:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g05gLOX6pfk
 MAJOR FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO CONSTRUCTION ACCIDENTS

4 Tips for Preventing Accidents on Construction Sites: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1bC4PRKLR8

10 Construction Site Safety Rules: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNzz-NVtlNw
 ELEMENT OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT

FACTS…
Roughly there are about 415,000 registered employers in
Malaysia.
• About 8.9 million employees.
• Around 14,000 permanent disability per year with a loss of
around RM4 billion per year.
• Malaysian government spent about RM2.9 million/ year on Pusat
Serenti.
• 88% incident led to catastrophy thru unsafe acts.
THE CONCEPT OF SAFETY
MANAGEMENT…
To provide guidelines related to safety & health of
workers.
This guidelines should contribute to the protection of
workers from hazards and to the elimination of work
related injuries, ill health, diseases, incidents and
deaths.
AN EFFECTIVE OSH-MS ESSENTIAL
FEATURES…
 Techniques to measure safety
To be effective, OSH-MS should…
performance
Visible management commitment
to safety Realistic safety targets and objects
Sound safety policy Audits of safety standards and
practices
Safety to be a line management
responsibility Effective safety training
Competent safety advisers Thorough investigation and follow-up
of injuries & incidents
High, well understood, safety
standards Effective motivation and
communication
OSH-MS 1722
COMPONENTS…

COMPONENT EXPLANATION
Policy Policies endorsed by government on the needs of
OSH implementation.
Organizing Developing system planning, OSH objectives,
development and implementation
Planning & Establishing responsibility and accountability,
Implementation competency and training, hazard control system
Evaluation Performance measurement; accident / incident
investigation; auditing
Action for improvement Preventive and corrective action, continuous
improvement
THE 5 COMPONENTS
OF OSH-MS 1722…
COMPONENT 1: POLICY
The policy should be….
(a) specific to the organization and appropriate to its size and the nature of its
activities
(b) concise, clearly written, dated and made effective by the signature or
endorsement of the employer or the most senior accountable person in the
organization
(c) communicated & readily accessible to all persons at their place of work
(d) reviewed for continuing suitability
(e) made available to relevant external interested parties, as appropriate.

EMPLOYER MUST MAKE SURE THAT WORKERS & THE OSH

REPRESENTATIVES ARE…

Participating actively the OSH committee is

(given time & consulted, informed established, efficient &
resources in the OSH and trained recognised
processes) accordance to national
law & practice.
 COMPONENT 2: ORGANIZING

OSHMS Documentation • Provide protection of workers safety & health as well as

(accordance to the size leadership for OSH activities
and nature of the • Allocate responsibility, accountability & authority to
organization) achieve the OSH objectives.

Communication • Receiving, documenting & responding to internal & external

(arrangements & comm. related to OSH
procedures should • Ensuring the internal communication between relevant levels
established & and functions
maintained for;) • Ensuring the concerns, ideas and inputs from workers or
representatives are received, considered and responded to.
COMPONENT 3: PLANNING &
IMPLEMENTATION
 The purpose of planning should be to create an OSH management system that
supports…
(a) as the minimum, compliance with national laws and regulations
(b) the elements of the organization's OSH management system
(c) continual improvement in OSH performance

Planning & Implementation consist of following agenda;

 Initial review
 Establishing OSH Objectives
 Hazard prevention
 Prevention & Control Measures
 Management of Change
 Emergency prevention, preparedness & response
 Procurement
 Contracting (arrangements for contractors working on site)
COMPONENT 4: EVALUATION
Evaluation component consists of;
 Performance monitoring & measurement (qualitative &
quantitative)
Investigation of work-related injuries, ill health, diseases &
incidents, and their impact on safety & health performance
Audit
Management Review
 COMPONENT 5: ACTION FOR
IMPROVEMENT
Action for improvement component consists of:

Preventive & corrective actions

Continual improvement
 Environmental MANAGEMENT plan

An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) can be defined as

“an environmental management tool used to ensure that undue or
reasonably avoidable adverse impacts of the construction, operation
and decommissioning of a project are prevented; and that the positive
benefits of the projects are enhanced”
“GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
MEANS GOOD PROJECT MANAGEMENT”