Diverticulitis

This research is written by:

Class : XI IPA 2
Group :4
Leader : Jeffrey Victory
Members : Jason Budiono
Vebby Dharmawati
Vevilyna Chuang
Ahmad Farhan
1. Introduction
 Diverticula are small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of
your digestive system. They are found most often in the lower part of the
large intestine (colon). Diverticula are common, especially after age 40, and
seldom cause problems. Sometimes, however, one or more of the pouches
become inflamed or infected. That condition is known as diverticulitis.
Diverticulitis can cause severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea and a marked
change in your bowel habits.Mild diverticulitis can be treated with rest,
changes in your diet and antibiotics. Severe or recurring diverticulitis may
require surgery.

How common are diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

Diverticulosis is quite common, especially as people age. Research

suggests that about 35 percent of U.S. adults age 50 years or younger have
diverticulosis, while about 58 percent of those older than age 60 have
diverticulosis. Most people with diverticulosis will never develop symptoms
or problems.

Experts used to think that 10 to 25 percent of people with

diverticulosis would develop diverticulitis. However, newer research suggests
that the percentage who develop diverticulitis may be much lower—less than
5 percent.2

In the United States, about 200,000 people are hospitalized for

diverticulitis each year. About 70,000 people are hospitalized for diverticular
bleeding each year.3

Who is more likely to have diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

People are more likely to develop diverticulitis and diverticulitis as they

age. Among people ages 50 and older, women are more likely than men to
develop diverticulitis. However, among people younger than age 50, men
are more likely to develop diverticulitis. Additional risk factors for developing
the condition include:

 Being overweight
 Eating a diet that is low in fiber and high in animal fats
 Smoking
 Taking medications such prescription or over-the-counter pain killers
 Sedentary lifestyle

2.1 How Food Can Lead to Diverticulitis

 Because the exact root cause of diverticulitis isn’t yet known, there’s
no list of foods that are known to ease symptoms of this condition. Also, the
National Institutes of Health states that you don’t need to avoid certain
foods if you have diverticulitis.

However, you may want to consider keeping certain foods to a

minimum. Talk to your doctor about whether you should avoid the following
foods or reduce the amounts you consume.

High-FODMAP foods

Research has found that a diet that limits foods that are high in
FODMAPs — fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides,
and polyols — can benefit people with irritable bowel syndrome. Researchers
have suggested people with diverticulitis may also benefit from this diet.

Some examples of foods high in FODMAPs include:

 certain fruits, such as apples, pears, and plums

 dairy foods, such as milk, yogurt, and ice cream
 fermented foods, such as sauerkraut or kimchi
 beans
 cabbage
 Brussels sprouts
 onions and garlic

High-fiber foods

Foods that are high in fiber may be helpful for people with
diverticulosis who aren’t having an acute flare up and may even help prevent
diverticulitis in the first place.

A 2017 systematic review of studies on diverticulosis and the

occurrence of acute diverticulitis showed a “reduction of abdominal
symptoms and the prevention of acute diverticulitis” with the intake of fiber.

However, every individual is different, and your specific fiber needs will
vary based on your condition and symptoms. If you’re having pain or other
symptoms, your doctor may suggest that you limit your intake of these
foods for a while.
 Fiber adds bulk to stool and may increase peristalsis or colon
contractions. This may be painful and uncomfortable if you’re having a flare
up.

Avoiding high-fiber foods, particularly if you’re inflamed, may ease

symptoms and give your system a temporary rest. In addition, whether
including higher or lower amounts of fiber, you should also drink plenty of
water.

Fiber-rich foods you might want to limit or avoid, especially during a flare
up, include:

 beans and legumes such as navy beans, chickpeas, lentils, and kidney
beans
 whole grains such as brown rice, quinoa, oats, amaranth, spelt, and
bulgur
 vegetables
 fruits
 Foods high in sugar and fat

A standard diet high in fat and sugar and low in fiber may be linked with
an increased incidence of diverticulitis. Research suggests that avoiding the
following foods may help prevent diverticulitis or reduce its symptoms:

 red meat
 refined grains
 full-fat dairy
 fried foods

Other foods to avoid

In the past, doctors recommended that people with diverticulitis avoid

eating nuts, popcorn, and most seeds. It was thought that the tiny particles
from these foods might get lodged in the pouches and lead to an infection.

More recently, most doctors have moved away from this advice.
Modern researchTrusted Source has shown no evidence linking those foods
with increased diverticular issues.

Some research has also suggested that people with diverticulitis avoid
alcohol.
 2.2 Diverticulitis Symptoms

Diverticulitis can cause symptoms ranging from mild to severe. These

symptoms can appear suddenly or they can develop gradually over several
days.

Potential symptoms of diverticular disease include:

 pain in your abdomen

 bloating
 diarrhea
 constipation

If you develop diverticulitis, you might experience:

 constant or severe pain in your abdomen

 nausea and vomiting
 fever and chills
 blood in your stool
 bleeding from your rectum

Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of diverticulitis. It will

mostly likely occur in the lower left side of your abdomen. But it can also
develop in the right side of your abdomen.

If you develop any of the above symptoms, such as vomiting or blood in

your stool, it may be a sign of a serious complication from diverticulitis or
another condition.
 3.DIVERTICULITIS REAL LIFE EXPERIENCE

Getting his life back after diverticulitis surgery

September 08, 2016 | UCI Health

For years, Kevin Roy battled severe stomach pain and cramping. When he
was finally diagnosed with diverticulitis in late 2014, he and his doctor hoped
that antibiotic therapy would calm the turbulence in Roy's intestines.

For Roy, the fever, nausea, vomiting, chills and other symptoms eventually
became so challenging, his gastroenterologist referred him to the UCI Health
H.H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center (CDDC) for treatment.

Diverticulosis vs. diverticulitis

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney

Diseases, about half of people age 60 and older have diverticulosis, a
condition in which small pouches form in the colon. Most people with this
mild condition don't have any symptoms or have only occasional cramps,
bloating and constipation. Increasing dietary fiber often resolves the
symptoms.

But in other cases, like Roy’s, the pouches became inflamed or infected, a
condition known as diverticulitis. Severe cases can not only cause pain and
extreme discomfort, but also lead to bleeding, perforation or blockage of the
colon.

"Doctors are very successful in treating uncomplicated diverticulitis with

antibiotics. But complicated cases almost always require surgery," says Dr.
Joseph Carmichael, a UCI Health colon and rectal surgeon. "We see a lot of
the more complicated cases at the CDDC because these cases are referred
to us."

The CDDC is especially adept at tackling complex cases because its surgeons
and gastroenterologists are highly specialized and, as part of an academic
medical center, are trained in the latest treatments and techniques.

Complex cases need specialized care

Today, Roy, 47, is grateful he sought treatment at the CDDC. When the
Claremont man, who works as an electrician on locomotives, was first
diagnosed with diverticulitis, he initially felt some relief after taking
antibiotics. But in early 2015, the condition flared up. His abdomen swelled
and he became feverish, and once he even rushed to the emergency room of
his community hospital for help.

"They said I just had to manage it, which was becoming more and more
difficult to do," Roy says. "I was on a liquid diet at one point and feeling
pretty terrible." When his symptoms worsened, his local doctor referred him
to UCI Health.

"The gastroenterologist said this was ‘a unique and tricky’ case but that the
UCI Health digestive disease center was the best in the area, and he felt I
would have better results there."

Roy says he was "in panic mode" at first. He had heard horror stories of
surgery resulting in Frankenstein-like scars, difficult recoveries and long-
term digestive problems.

But Carmichael immediately put Roy at ease.

"He said my case was different, but he had seen and dealt with similar cases
before and was comfortable with the procedure," Roy recalls. "He was
interested in what I did with the railroad.”
Minimally invasive surgery

In September, Carmichael performed minimally invasive surgery on Roy to

remove two sections of bowel, including removal of a fistula, which is an
abnormal, tubelike connection that forms between two organs — in Roy's
case, the large intestine and the bladder. The surgery resulted in only a few
small scars instead of a large incision and the need for a colostomy.

When the large intestine has become connected to the bladder through a
fistula, patients at many hospitals usually undergo an open operation with
large incisions and possibly a temporary ostomy bag, Carmichael says. But
at the CDDC, "laparoscopic surgery is our default approach.” With
laparoscopy, surgeons operate using instruments and cameras inserted
through tiny incisions.

“About half of hospitals never try it, however, and in tough cases even fewer
would try it,” he says. “But we were able to handle Kevin's case
laparoscopically. We get tough cases, but we're well practiced at it."

UCI Health ranks in the upper 10 percent of hospitals nationwide on

colorectal resection results, based on surgical quality performance data.

Carmichael says patients with complicated cases like Roy’s should seek
treatment at a specialized center or see a specialist in colorectal surgery
who has received advanced training through a fellowship.

Recovery, work and pizza

Roy spent five days in the hospital and recovered without any setbacks.

“The CDDC was wonderful and comfortable," Roy says, adding that a nurse
navigator even helped him file complicated paperwork for disability.

He returned to work after six weeks and made a long-scheduled trip to New
York City with his wife, Cari, to celebrate their anniversary.

"I wanted to recover in time for that trip so I could eat when I got there. I
ate greasy pizza every single day," he says, with a laugh. "I feel more
normal than I have in years. You don't know what kind of discomfort and
pain you're in until it's gone."
Some patients don't realize that appropriate treatment — even surgery in
some cases — will end their misery, Carmichael says.

"For a lot of these patients, they are fighting this chronic, smoldering
infection," he says. "They are like a boat pulling an anchor. After they
undergo this treatment, we see them get their lives back. They get more
energy. It's fun to see people get all that back."
 4.Conclusion

After getting the research of diverticulitis, we can finally made up a

conclusion. Diverticulitis or inflammation of diverticular is a painful
condition that results in high morbidity and even mortality. Uncomplicated
diverticulitis can sometimes be managed on an outpatient basis with
dietary restrictions and antibiotics. Complicated diverticulitis require
hospitalization.

A high-fiber diet can alleviate symptoms of diverticular disease. There

is some talk of probiotics being beneficial in diverticular disease, though
more studies must be done to confirm this.

Framework

S
p
m
y
o
t
P
-
:
s n
i
a
Symptoms:
y
u
o
d
b
a
r
e
m t
n
i
ti
r
e
v
D
g
a
o
l
n
B
ti
-
a
i
D
e
h
r
-
c
i
l
u
-Pain in your abdoment

-Bloating

s
ti -Diarrhea

s
ti
a
p
n
o
C
-
-Constipation

Risk Factor: Reducing The Following Foods may

reduce the Symptoms:
-Being Overweight Risk Factor
-red meat
-Eating a diet that is low in fiver and high in animal
fats -refined grains
-Smoking -full-fat dairy
-Sedentary lifestyle -fried foods
 5.Source
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diverticulosis-diverticulitis/definition-facts
https://www.dhcla.com/blog/5-quick-facts-about-diverticulitis

https://www.healthline.com/health/diverticulitis#symptoms
https://www.sciencesource.com/archive/Diverticulosis-and-Diverticulitis--Illustration-SS2881214.html
https://www.healthline.com/health/diverticulitis-diet-list-of-foods-to-avoid#high--fiber-diet
https://www.ucihealth.org/blog/2016/09/life-after-diverticulitis-surgery

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20374373

https://pearlpoint.org/i-have-leukemia-what-should-i-eat/