Healthcare System in VN

Healthcare system
in Vietnam
Reprinted from Wikimedia

Commons, 20083
Objectives
• Vietnam
• History of Healthcare system
• Healthcare Infrastructure
• Health Financing in Vietnam
• Medical Education
• Common Diseases
• Prevention
• Traditional Medicine
• Challenges
• Opportunities
• Collaboration
Pre-module Questions
1. What are the most hospital admissions during Vietnam War?
2. What percentage of health insurance coverage?
3. Who is responsible for setting hospital services fee and drug
prices?
4. How long is the undergraduate medical program?
5. What is the physician-to-population ratio in Vietnam?
6. What is the current leading cause of death in Vietnam?
7. How many percent of people using traditional medicine for
treatment?
8. What are barriers that prevent traditional medicine from
developing in the right direction?
9. What the Ministry of Health have done to address the shortage of
health workers in rural areas?
10. Which health topic that younger generations are concerning?
Vietnam
• Total population: 93,448,000 (54 ethnic
groups)
• Language: Vietnamese
• GDP per capita: $2,111.1
• Life expectancy: 72.8 (WHO 2015)
• Health expenditure, total (% of GDP) :

7.1 (2014)
Reprinted from Flickr, 20114
History of the Healthcare
System
1945 to Vietnam War (1955-1975):
+ Medical University in Viet Bac war zone (1949)
+ Hospital Admissions: Battle Injuries and Malaria
Post-war (1976-1980): + Lack of funds and qualified physicians Reprinted from Wikimedia
+ Black markets in medicine
Commons, 19681
+ Health impacts in Vietnamese veterans (Agent Orange)
Đổi Mới – Renovation (1980s): + Increase GDP in Healthcare

spending (1.1%)
+ Provide free basic health care
+ Introduce new healthcare reforms
+ Three Cleans movement and Three Exterminations movement
Healthcare Infrastructure
• Ministry of Health (MOH)
• National general and
specialist hospital
National • Research institutes
• Medical universities
level
• Provincial Health Departments

Province People’s • Provincial hospitals
Committee • Preventive health center + reproductive health centers.
• Medical colleges
• Health Offices
• District hospitals/ centers
Districts
• Commune Health Centers

• Village Health Workers
Communes • Skilled Birth Attendants
Healthcare Infrastructure
• Public-private mix of providers model
• Outpatient care: 40% public (60% private)
• Inpatient care: 96% public (4% private)
• Hospital capacity: ≈ 2.45 beds/1,000
populations (2014)
• Physician-to-population ratio: 1.2 physicians/
1,000 populations (2013)
Health Financing in Vietnam
• Social Health Insurance

• Health care funds for the poor policy (2003)
• High rate of out-of-pocket payments
Medical Education
• 12 medical schools (no
private medical schools)
• 4-6 years for
undergraduate medical
education
• Graduate education: three
specialized tracks (Clinical Reprinted from Wikimedia Common, 20155
training, academic training,
and residency training)
Common Diseases
• Malaria
• Dengue
• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Hepatitis B
• HIV-AIDS
• Stroke
Reprinted from Wikimedia Commons, 20096
A Shift Toward NCD
Proportional Mortality in 2010 (WHO)
Injuries
9%
Communicable, Maternal, Perinatal
and Nutritional Conditions
16% Other noncommunicable diseases
40%
Diabetes
10%
Respiratory Diseases
Cancers
8% 3%
14%
Cardiovascular Diseases
Prevention
• 99% of children are vaccinated.

• Self-diagnostic equipment (e.g. blood pressure
monitor and blood glucose monitors)
• 30% of total health care expenditure on
preventive medicine
• Food borne diseases and street food culture
Traditional Medicines
• 30% of patients receive
treatment with traditional
medicine (WHO 2001)
• Health insurance cover
costs
• Encourage people to plant
medicinal vegetables.
Barriers:
• High self-evaluated knowledge and
skills
• Friends, family, or neighbor advices
• Unqualified practitioners and
unlicensed healthcare facilities.
Challenges
• Shortage of health workers in remote areas

• Inadequate capacity (Access to health care)
• Limited resources
• Health disparity
• Health education among ethnic minority
Opportunities
• High profit rate in the medical instruments
market
• The development of the private healthcare
• The interest for the personal healthcare
equipment and services among younger
generation.
• Promote access to online health resources
Collaboration
• Strengthening
Medical skills training
• Training on designing
healthcare
infrastructure
• Introducing new
medicines and
diagnostic technology
• Funding for public
health campaigns
Pre-module Questions
1. What are the most hospital admissions during Vietnam War?
2. What percentage of health insurance coverage in 2015?
3. Who is responsible for setting hospital services fee and drug
prices?
4. How long is the undergraduate medical program?
5. What is the physician-to-population ratio in Vietnam?
6. What is the leading cause of death in Vietnam?
7. How many percent of people using traditional medicine for
treatment?
8. What are barriers that prevent traditional medicine from
developing in the right direction?
9. What the Ministry of Health have done to address the shortage of
health workers in rural areas?
10. Which health topic that younger generations are concerning?
Answers
1. Malaria & battle injuries.
2. 70%
3. The minister of Health, the minister of Finance, and the social
health insurance agency
4. 4 to 6 years
5. 7.5 physicians per 10,000 population
6. Non-communicable diseases (75%)
7. 30%
8. Self-evaluated knowledge, acquaintances' advices, and unqualified
practitioners
9. Training rotations between central hospitals and lower-level
hospitals.
10. Personal health devices.

Healthcare System in VN

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Healthcare System in VN

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Healthcare system

Reprinted from Wikimedia

• GDP per capita: $2,111.1

• Life expectancy: 72.8 (WHO 2015)

• Health expenditure, total (% of GDP) :

Đổi Mới – Renovation (1980s): + Increase GDP in Healthcare

• Provincial Health Departments

• Commune Health Centers

• Social Health Insurance

• 99% of children are vaccinated.

• Shortage of health workers in remote areas

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