Vince Ford N.

Marquez Grade 6 - Rutherford

Body systems
Our bodies consist of a number of biological systems that carry out specific
functions necessary for everyday living.
 The human body is a biological machine made of body systems; groups
of organs that work together to produce and sustain life

The body has many different systems that the medical assistant should become
familiar with for charting, medical recordkeeping, and patient education. These different
body systems include the skeletal, nervous, muscular, respiratory, endocrine, immune,
cardiovascular/circulatory, urinary, integumentary, reproductive (male and female), and
digestive systems.

Integumentary System

Act as a barrier, protect the inner stuff of body, regulate body temperature and
also eliminate waste

Organs of the integumentary
system include the skin, hair, and nails. The skin is the largest organ in the body. It
encloses and protects the body and is the site of many sensory receptors. The skin is
the body’s first defense against pathogens, and it also helps regulate body temperature
and eliminate wastes in sweat

The outermost layer of skin like epidermis is responsible for keeping water in the
body and keeping other harmful chemicals and pathogens out. And the layer that lies
below epidermis like dermis performs major functions and also nourishes epidermis. It
contains a number of structures including blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, smooth
muscle, glands and lymphatic tissue. It paly major role in thermoregulation.
 The hypodermis is not part of the skin, and lies below the dermis. Its purpose is
to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood
vessels and nerves.
Skeletal System

Supports the body and protect the internal organs ( rib cage protect heart and
lungs).

The skeleta l system consists of bones,

joints, teeth. The bones of the skeletal system are connected by tendons, ligaments,
and cartilage. Functions of the skeletal system include supporting the body and giving it
shape. Along with the muscular system,
the skeletal system enables the body
to move. The bones of the skeletal system also
protect internal organs, store calcium, and produce
red and white blood cells. Muscular
and skeletal system works together to provide
movements.
 The skeletal system provide proper shape to our body.

Without this system, human body can never be so organized as it is.

Muscular System
 The muscular system consists of three different types of muscles, including
skeletal muscles, which are attached to bones by tendons and allow for voluntary
movements of the body. 

Smooth muscle tissues control the involuntary movements of internal organs,

such as the organs of the digestive system, allowing food to move through the system.
Smooth muscles in blood vessels allow vasoconstriction and vasodilation and thereby
help regulate body temperature. Cardiac muscle tissues control the involuntary beating
of the heart, allowing it to pump blood through the blood vessels of the cardiovascular
system.

Nervous System
 The nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which make up the
central nervous system, and nerves that run throughout the rest of the body, which
make up the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system controls both voluntary
and involuntary responses of the human organism and also detects and processes
sensory information.

Endocrine System
 The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones into
the blood, which carries the hormones throughout the body. Endocrine hormones are
chemical messengers that control many body functions, including metabolism, growth,
and sexual development. The master gland of the endocrine system is the pituitary
gland which produces hormones that control other endocrine glands. Some of the other
endocrine glands include the pancreas, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands.

Cardiovascular System
 The cardiovascular system (also called the circulatory system) includes
the heart, blood, and three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
The heart pumps blood, which travels through the blood vessels. The main function of
the cardiovascular system is transport. Oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from
the digestive system are transported to cells throughout the body. Carbon dioxide and
other waste materials are picked up from the cells and transported to organs such as
the lungs and kidneys for elimination from the body. The cardiovascular system also
equalizes body temperature and transports endocrine hormones to cells in the body
where they are needed.

Urinary System

The urinary system includes the pair of kidneys, which filter excess water and a
waste product called urea from the blood and form urine. Two tubes called ureters carry
the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, which stores the urine until it is
excreted from the body through another tube named the urethra. The kidneys also
produce an enzyme called renin and a variety of hormones. These substances help
regulate blood pressure, the production of red blood cells, and the balance of calcium
and phosphorus in the body.

Respiratory System
 Organs and other structures of the respiratory system include the nasal
passages, lungs, and a long tube called the trachea, which carries air between the
nasal passages and lungs. The main function of the respiratory system is to deliver
oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the body. Gases are exchanged
between the lungs and blood across the walls of capillaries lining tiny air sacs
(alveoli) in the lungs.

Lymphatic System
 The lymphatic system is sometimes considered to be part of the immune system.
It consists of a network of lymph vessels and ducts that collect excess fluid
(called lymph) from extracellular spaces in tissues and transport the fluid to the
bloodstream. The lymphatic system also includes many small collections of tissue,
called lymph nodes, and an organ called the spleen, both of which remove pathogens
and cellular debris from the lymph or blood. In addition, the thymus gland in
the lymphatic system produces some types of white blood cells (lymphocytes) that fight
infections.

Digestive System

The dige
stive
system c
onsists of several main organs — including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small
and large intestines — that form a long tube called the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract. Food moves through this tract where it is digested, its nutrients absorbed, and its
waste products excreted. The digestive system also includes accessory organs (such
as the pancreas and liver) that produce enzymes and other substances needed
for digestion but through which food does not actually pass.

Male and Female Reproductive Systems

An aid in the production of new individual.

All living things reproduce. This is something that sets the living apart from non-
living. Even though the reproductive system is essential to keeping a species alive, it is
not that essential for keeping an individual alive.

As in case of sexual reproduction, the specific traits are inherited from parents to
their offspring. So, in this case reproduction is important in conservation of certain
genetic makeups. While if we talk about asexual reproduction then its merely involved in
producing new individual. Because there is no exchange of genetical materials in
asexual reproduction.
 The reproductive system is the only body system that differs substantially
between individuals.

Male reproductive system

The male reproductive system includes the penis and the testes, which produce
sperm.

The purpose of the organs of the male reproductive system is to perform the following
functions:

 To produce, maintain, and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells) and

protective fluid (semen)
 To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract during sex
 To produce and secrete male sex hormones responsible for maintaining the male
reproductive system
 Unlike the female reproductive system, most of the male reproductive system is
located outside of the body. These external structures include the penis, scrotum, and
testicles.
Female reproductive system

The female reproductive system consists of the vagina, the uterus and the
ovaries, which produce eggs. During conception, a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell,
which creates a fertilized egg that implants and grows in the uterus.

The female reproductive system is designed to carry out several functions. It

produces the female egg cells necessary for reproduction, called the ova or oocytes.
The system is designed to transport the ova to the site of fertilization. Conception, the
fertilization of an egg by a sperm, normally occurs in the fallopian tubes. The next step
for the fertilized egg is to implant into the walls of the uterus, beginning the initial  stages
of pregnancy. If fertilization and/or implantation does not take place, the system is
designed to menstruate (the monthly shedding of the uterine lining). In addition, the
female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the
reproductive cycle.
 The female reproductive anatomy includes parts inside and outside the body.
The function of the external female reproductive structures (the genitals) is
twofold: To enable sperm to enter the body and to protect the internal genital organs
from infectious organisms.