Lesson 10
AsyncTask
Http Connection
Parsing JSON
A. AsyncTask
Concurrency Control
Using the AsyncTask Class
1. The AsyncTask class allows the execution of
background operations and the publishing of
results on the UI’s thread without having to
manipulate threads and/or handlers.
2. An asynchronous task is defined by a
computation that runs on a background
thread and whose result is published on the
UI thread.
3. An asynchronous task class is defined by the
following Types, States, and Method
Generic Types Main States Auxiliary Method
Params, onPreExecute, publishProgress
Progress, doInBackground,
Result onProgressUpdate
onPostExecute.
3
Concurrency Control
Using the AsyncTask Class
AsyncTask <Params, Progress, Result>
AsyncTask's generic types
Params: the type of the input parameters sent to the task at execution.
Progress: the type of the progress units published during the background
computation.
Result: the type of the result of the background computation.
To mark a type as unused, use the type Void
Note:
The Java notation “String ...” called Varargs indicates an array of String values. This
syntax is somehow equivalent to “String[]” (see Appendix B).
4
Concurrency Control
Using the AsyncTask Class
private class VerySlowTask extends AsyncTask<String, Long, Void> {
// Begin - can use UI thread here
1 protected void onPreExecute() {
}
// this is the SLOW background thread taking care of heavy tasks
// cannot directly change UI
2 protected Void doInBackground(final String... args) {
... publishProgress((Long) someLongValue);
}
// periodic updates - it is OK to change UI
@Override
3 protected void onProgressUpdate(Long... value) {
}
// End - can use UI thread here
4 protected void onPostExecute(final Void unused) {
}
}
50
Concurrency Control
Using the AsyncTask Class
Methods
onPreExecute(), invoked on the UI thread immediately after the task is executed. This step is
normally used to setup the task, for instance by showing a progress bar in the user interface.
doInBackground(Params...), invoked on the background thread immediately after
onPreExecute() finishes executing. This step is used to perform background computation that can
take a long time. This step can also use publishProgress(Progress...) to publish one or more units
of progress. These values are published on the UI thread, in the onProgressUpdate(Progress...)
step.
onProgressUpdate(Progress...), invoked on the UI thread after a call to
publishProgress(Progress...). This method is used to inform of any form of progress in the user
interface while the background computation is still executing.
onPostExecute(Result), invoked on the UI thread after the background computation finishes. The
result of the background computation is passed to this step as a parameter.
Reference: http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/AsyncTask.html 51
Concurrency Control
Example: Using the AsyncTask Class
The main task invokes an AsyncTask to do some slow job. The AsyncTask method
doInBackgroud(…) performs the required computation and periodically uses the
onProgressUpdate(…) function to refresh the main’s UI. In our the example, the AsyncTask
manages the writing of progress lines in the UI’s text box, and displays a ProgressDialog box.
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Concurrency Control
Example : Using the AsyncTask Class - XML Layout
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<EditText
android:id="@+id/txtMsg"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="7dp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnSlow"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="7dp"
android:text="Do some SLOW work" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnQuick"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="7dp"
android:text="Do some QUICK work" />
</LinearLayout> 53
Concurrency Control
Example: Using the AsyncTask Class - XML Layout
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
Button btnSlowWork;
Button btnQuickWork;
EditText txtMsg;
Long startingMillis;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
txtMsg = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtMsg);
// slow work...for example: delete databases: “dummy1” and “dummy2”
btnSlowWork = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSlow);
this.btnSlowWork.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(final View v) {
1 new VerySlowTask().execute("dummy1", "dummy2");
}
});
btnQuickWork = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnQuick);
this.btnQuickWork.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(final View v) {
txtMsg.setText((new Date()).toString()); // quickly show today’s date
}
}); 54
}// onCreate
Concurrency Control
Example: Using the AsyncTask Class - XML Layout
private class VerySlowTask extends AsyncTask<String, Long, Void> {
private final ProgressDialog dialog = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this);
String waitMsg = "Wait\nSome SLOW job is being done... ";
2 protected void onPreExecute() {
startingMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
txtMsg.setText("Start Time: " + startingMillis);
this.dialog.setMessage(waitMsg);
this.dialog.setCancelable(false); //outside touch doesn't dismiss you
this.dialog.show();
}
3
protected Void doInBackground(final String... args) {
// show on Log.e the supplied dummy arguments
Log.e("doInBackground>>", "Total args: " + args.length );
Log.e("doInBackground>>", "args[0] = " + args[0] );
try {
for (Long i = 0L; i < 5L; i++) {
Thread.sleep(10000); // simulate the slow job here . . .
publishProgress((Long) i);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Log.e("slow-job interrupted", e.getMessage());
}
return null; 55
}
Concurrency Control
Example: Using the AsyncTask Class - XML Layout
// periodic updates - it is OK to change UI
@Override
4 protected void onProgressUpdate(Long... value) {
super.onProgressUpdate(value);
dialog.setMessage(waitMsg + value[0]);
txtMsg.append("\nworking..." + value[0]);
}
// can use UI thread here
5 protected void onPostExecute(final Void unused) {
if (this.dialog.isShowing()) {
this.dialog.dismiss();
}
// cleaning-up, all done
txtMsg.append("\nEnd Time:"
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - startingMillis) / 1000);
txtMsg.append("\ndone!");
}
}// AsyncTask
}// MainActivity
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Concurrency Control
Example: Using the AsyncTask Class
Comments
1. The MainActivity instantiates our AsyncTask passing dummy parameters.
2. VerySlowTask sets a ProgressDialog box to keep the user aware of the
slow job. The box is defined as not cancellable, so touches on the UI will
not dismiss it (as it would do otherwise).
3. doInBackground accepts the parameters supplied by the .execute(…)
method. It fakes slow progress by sleeping various cycles of 10 seconds
each. After awaking it asks the onProgressUpdate() method to refresh
the ProgressDialog box as well as the user’s UI.
4. The onProgressUpdate() method receives one argument coming from
the busy background method (observe it is defined to accept multiple
input arguments). The arriving argument is reported in the UI’s textbox
and the dialog box.
5. The OnPostExecute() method performs house-cleaning, in our case it
dismisses the dialog box and adds a “Done” message on the UI.
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B. HTTP Connection
Android Networking
Network Prerequisites
▪ The <uses-permission> element must be included in the
AndroidManifest.xml resource so as to allow the application to
connect to the network
▪ Permissions are used to ask the operating system to access
any privileged resource
▪ The <uses-permission> tag causes the application to
request to use an Android resource that must be authorized
• The tag must be an immediate child of <manifest>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission
android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
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Android Networking
Protocols
▪ Android supports several different network
protocols.
• TCP / IP (through the Socket class)
• SMTP (through the GMailSender class)
• HTTP
• And others
▪ In this lesson, you will work with HTTP
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Android Networking
HTTP
▪ Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
▪ In our case the transfer protocol is HTTP
• We connect the client device to a server
and get data
• We then process that data somehow
o We might render a Web page
o We might parse and process XML
o Or any other message
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Android Networking
HTTP
▪ Two HTTP clients
• HttpClient
• HttpURLConnection
▪ Both support HTTPS and IPV6
▪ Use HttpURLConnection for post
Lollipop devices (version 5.x)
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Android Networking
The URL class
▪ The java.net.URL class represents a url
• Convert strings to URLs
• Convert URLs to strings
▪ http://developer.android.com/reference/java
/net/URL.html
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Android Networking
The URL class
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Android Networking
Opening a connection
▪ The URL.openConnection() method
establishes a connection to a resource
▪ Over this connection, you make the request
and get the response
▪ We will use HTTP here but other protocols are
supported
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Android Networking
Opening a connection
▪ The setReadTimeout() mutator defines
the time to wait for data
▪ The setConnectTimeout() mutator the
time to wait before establishing a connection
▪ The setRequestMethod() defines
whether the request will be a GET or a POST
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Android Networking
Opening a connection
▪ getResponseCode() gets the HTTP
response code from the server
• -1 if there is no response code.
• Such as 404 not found?
▪ getInputStream() gets the input stream
from which you can read data
• Works just like an open file
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Android Networking
Sending GET request
URL url = new URL("http://httpbin.org/get");
HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// optional default is GET
con.setRequestMethod("GET");
int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
Log.v("TAG", "Sending 'GET' request to URL : " + url.toString());
Log.v("TAG", "Response Code : " + responseCode);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
response.append(inputLine);
}
in.close();
//print result
Log.v("TAG", response.toString()); 23
Android Networking
Download file
URL url = new URL(" https://file-examples.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/11/file_example_MP3_1MG.mp3");
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
Log.v("TAG", "Response Code = " + responseCode);
InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream outputStream = openFileOutput("test.mp3", MODE_PRIVATE);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1)
outputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
outputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
Log.v("TAG", "Download complete");
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Android Networking
Sending POST request
URL url = new URL("http://httpbin.org/post");
HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//add reuqest header
con.setRequestMethod("POST");
String params = "user=admin&pass=123456";
// Send post request
con.setDoOutput(true);
DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(con.getOutputStream());
wr.writeBytes(params);
wr.flush();
wr.close();
int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
Log.v("TAG", "Sending 'POST' request to URL : " + url.toString());
Log.v("TAG", "Response Code : " + responseCode);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
response.append(inputLine);
}
in.close();
//print result
Log.v("TAG", response.toString()); 25
Android Networking
3rd party libraries
Http Client:
- Volley https://github.com/google/volley
- OKHttp http://square.github.io/okhttp/
- Retrofit http://square.github.io/retrofit/
Image Loader:
- Picasso http://square.github.io/picasso/
- Universal Image Loader
https://github.com/nostra13/Android-Universal-
Image-Loader
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C. Parsing JSON
Parsing JSON
What is JSON
▪ JavaScript Object Notation
▪ JSON is a syntax for storing and exchanging data
▪ JSON is text, written with JavaScript object notation
▪ Completely language independent
▪ Easy to understand, manipulate and generate
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Parsing JSON
JSON syntax
▪ Data is in name/value pairs
"name":"John"
▪ Data is separated by commas
"name":"John", "age":20, "gender":"male"
▪ Curly braces hold objects
{"name":"John", "age":20, "gender":"male"}
▪ Square braces hold arrays
[{"name":"John", "age":20,
"gender":"male"}, {"name":"Peter", "age":21,
"gender":"male"}, {"name":"July", "age":19,
"gender":"female"}]
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Parsing JSON
JSON values
▪ In JSON, values must be one of the following data types:
• A string
{ "name":"John" }
• A number
{ "age":30 }
• An object
{"employee":{ "name":"John", "age":30, "city":"New
York" }}
• An array
{"employees":[ "John", "Anna", "Peter" ]}
• A Boolean
{ "sale":true }
• Null
{ "middlename":null }
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Parsing JSON
Parsing JSON string
▪ Basic types such as strings, numbers, and Boolean values, are
represented in Java as their corresponding types (String,
int/double, boolean, respectively).
▪ Compound types are represented using classes in the org.json
package.
▪ JSON arrays are represented by the class org.json.JSONArray;
▪ JSON objects are represented by the class org.json.JSONObject.
▪ Null values are represented by the instance JSONObject.NULL.
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Parsing JSON
Parsing JSON string
▪ To parse compound JSON data from a String, create a new Java
object of the appropriate type, passing the String as the only
argument to the constructor.
// Parsing JSON object
JSONObject jsonData = new JSONObject(jsonString);
// Parsing JSON array
JSONArray jsonData = new JSONArray(jsonString);
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Parsing JSON
Parsing JSON string – Retrieving data
▪ Values for the keys in a JSONObject may be obtained using
get*(String key) methods
• getBoolean(key) will get a boolean value
• getInt(key) will get an int value
• getString(key) will get a String value
• getJSONObject(key) will get a JSONObject value
• isNull(String key) may be used to test if the value of a key is null. It will
also return true if key does not exist in the JSONObject
▪ keys() will return an iterator Java object (java.util.Iterator)
which you can use to iterate through the keys in a JSONObject.
▪ Values in a JSONArray may be obtained using get*(int index)
▪ Both JSONObject and JSONArray provide the count() method
to return the number of items in the object/array
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Parsing JSON
Example: Parsing JSON data from URL
▪ Sample URL contains JSON data
https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users
▪ Steps:
▪ Implement a class extended from AsyncTask to get data in
background
▪ Implement GET request by using URLConnection
▪ Parse JSON by using JSONArray and JSONObject classes
▪ Show data using ListView
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Serialize object to JSON
Convert JAVA object to JSON string
▪ Use GSON library https://github.com/google/gson
▪ Main functions:
▪ toJson() serialize object to Json
▪ fromJson() deserialize json to object
▪ Example:
Gson gson = new Gson(); // Or use new GsonBuilder().create();
MyType obj1 = new MyType();
String json = gson.toJson(obj1); // serializes obj1 to Json
MyType obj2 = gson.fromJson(json, MyType.class); // deserializes json into obj2
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D. Working with
Socket class
Working with Socket class
Setup a client socket
String serverIP = "192.168.0.167";
int serverPort = 9000;
int timeOut = 5000;
InetAddress serverAddress = InetAddress.getByName(serverIP);
client = new Socket();
client.connect(new InetSocketAddress(serverAddress, serverPort),
timeOut);
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Working with Socket class
Receive data from server
String result = "";
byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];
while (client.isConnected() && !client.isClosed()) {
int res = client.getInputStream().read(buffer);
if (res > 0) {
result = new String(buffer, 0, res);
publishProgress(result);
Log.v("TAG", "Received: " + result);
}
else
Log.v("TAG", "Received: ERROR" + result);
}
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Working with Socket class
Send data to server
String data = "Hello server";
OutputStreamWriter writer = new
OutputStreamWriter(client.getOutputStream());
writer.write(data);
writer.flush();
// Không đóng output stream để tránh client bị đóng
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