Worksheet 2: Marking scheme

1 Oscillations

13.2
1. (a) period= =1.1 s
12
1 1
(b) f = = =0.909=0.91 Hz [2]
T 1.1 Table completed
[3]
Sketch graph showing values calculated
1 in the table.
2. (a) f = 2.0 Hz T = =0.5 s
2 [3]
xo = 3.0 m x=x o sin ( 2 πft )

Put calculator in radians when calculating x

3. (a) 0.10 m
t/s 2πft sin x/m (b) 4.0 x 10-2 s
(2πft) 1
(c) f = =25 Hz
0.5 2 π = 6.28 0 0 0.04
0.4 1.6 π = -0.951 - (d) ω=2 π f =2 π x 25=157 rad s−1
5.027 2.853 (e) v max=ω A=15.7=16 m s−1 [5]
0.37 1.5 π = -1.0 -3.0
5 4.712
0.3 1.2 π = -0.588 -
3.769 1.764
0.25 π = 3.14 0 0
0.2 0.8 π = 0.588 4. (a) a=−ω 2 x
2.513 1.764 a 12
ω 2= = =4
0.12 0.5 π = 1.0 3.0 x 3
5 1.571 ω = 2 rad s-1
0.1 0.4 π = 0.951
1.256 2.853 v 2=ω2 ( A 2−x 2)
0 0 0 0 82 =4 ( A 2−32 )
amplitude A = 5.0 m
Table completed [3]
[3]
Sketch graph showing values calculated (b) v max=ω A=2 x 5=±10 m s−1
in the table.
[3] (c) a=ω 2 x=4 x 5=±20 m s−2 [2]
1
(b) f = 50 Hz T= =0.02 s
50 5. Assuming that when t = 0,
xo = 0.2 m x=x o cos ( 2 πft ) the amplitude x = +4.0 m, period T = 4.0 s
2π 2π π
Put calculator in radians when calculating x ω= = =
T 4 2

t/s 2πft cos x/m x/m

2πft) +4
0.0 2 π = 6.28 1 0.2
+2
2
0 1 2 3 4 t/s

-4
 Worksheet 2: Marking scheme
2 Oscillations
2 ω 2 6.4 x 105
(a) f = =
4 π2 4 π2
From x = +4.0 m to x = +3.0 m,
f =√ 161211=161211=127.3=130 Hz
x= A cos (ω t)
π
3.0¿ 4.0 cos ( t) (b) a=−ω 2 x
2
t = 0.46 s [3] a−6.4 105 x 0.08
F=ma=0.7 x 6.4 x 10 5 x 0.08
(b) From x = -4.0 m to x = +3.0 m, F = 35840 N = 3.6 x 104 N [5]
A quarter of a cycle = 1.0 s
From +4.0 m to +3.0 m takes 0.46 s
From +3.0 m to 0 m takes (1.0 -0.46) s =0.54 9. (a) According to Hooke’s law,
s, F–k x
From -4.0 m to +3.0 m, takes (The minus sign shows that the force is
(1.0 + 0.54) = 1.54 s [2] directed towards the equilibrium position.)
From Newton’s second law:
(c) From x = 0 m to x = +3.0 m, F ma
0.54 s [1] Equating, we have:
ma– k x
(d) From x = +1.0 m to x = +3.0 m. Hence: a [3]
From +4.0 m to +1.0 m takes:
π
1.0=4.0 cos t
2 ( ) (b) For s.h.m. we have a – (2 π f )2 x
Hence (2 π f )2
t = 0.839 s Therefore f [2]
From +4.0 to +3.0m takes 0.46 s f 2.5 Hz
(c)
2.5
Subtract to find time from +1.0 m to +3.0 m:
k (2 π 2.5)2 850
0.839 – 0.46 = 0.379 = 0.38 s
[2]  2.1  105 N m–1
[3]
6. (a) phase difference φ
t 2.5
φ= x 2 π = x 2 π =0.5 π rad 10. (a) (i) ω=2 πf
T 10
¿ 1.57 rad (or 90º)
(ii) negative because a and x in opposite
t 5 directions
(b) φ= x 2 π = x 2 π =π rad OR a directed towards mean position / centre
T 10
[2]
= 3.1 rad or 180º
[4]
(b) (i) forces in springs are
k (e+ x )∧k (e−x)
7. (a) amplitude = 16 cm resultant = k (e+ x )−k (e−x)=2 kx [2]
2π 2π
(b) ω= = =2.2 rad s−1 (ii) F=ma
T 2.8
a=−2 kx /m
(c) a=ω 2 x=2.24 2 x 0.16=0.81 m s−2
Negative sign explained
(d) v max=ω A=2.24 x 0.16=0.36 m s−1
[2]
[7]
2
(iii) ω 2=2 k /m
8. (a) a=−ω x
( 2 π f )2=( 2× 120)/0.90
a−6.4 105 x f = 2.6 Hz
ω 2=6.4 x 10 5 [3]
ω=2 π f (Sp Pp Q2)
 Worksheet 2: Marking scheme
3 Oscillations
I.e. if the frequency is halved, the
energy must be quartered
[2]
11. (a) (i) 0.8 cm [1]
(ii) (max.) kinetic energy = 2.56 mJ (c) 2=½ m( 4 π 2 f 2 ) A2
v( MAX)=ω a 2=k f 2 A 2 where k =½ m 4 π 2
( max . ) kinetic energy=½ m ω2 a2 2
k= 2 2
or ½ m ω2 (a 2 – x 2 ) f A
2
2 x= 2 2 x ( 2 f )2 x ( 2 A )2 ¿ 32 mJ
2.56 x 10−3=½ x 0.130 x ω2 ( 0.8 ×10−2 ) f A
ω=24.8 rad s−1 The energy is 16 times greater
ω [2]
f= ¿ f =4.0 Hz ( 3.95 Hz )
2π
[6]
(b) (i) line parallel to x-axis at 2.56 mJ [1]
(ii) 1 4.0 Hz 13. (a) (i) 8.0 cm [1]
2 0.50 cm (allow ±0.03 cm) [2]
(ii) 2 π f =220
(N07 Q3) f = 35 Hz [2]

(iii) line drawn mid-way between AB and CD

(allow ±2 mm) [1]
12. (a) total energy=½ m ω2 A 2
(iv) v=ωa = 220 × 4.0 = 880 cm s–1 [2]
total energy=k A 2 where k =½ m ω2
2 (b) (i) 1. line drawn 2 cm above AB
2=k A 2 k= 2
A (allow ±2 mm) [1]
x=k ¿ 2. arrow pointing upwards [1]
amplitude doubled, frequency being kept
constant, (ii) 1. line drawn 2 cm above AB
Substitute for k (allow ±2 mm) [1]
2 2. arrow pointing downwards [1]
x= 2 x (2 A)2 =8.0 mJ
A (iii) v=ω √ (a 2 – x 2 )
i.e. to double the amplitude you must give it 4 = 220 × √(4.02 – 2.02)
times the energy. = 760 cm s–1 [2]
(incorrect value for x, 0/2 marks)
[2]
(N10/43
Q3)

14. (a) F k x
F 250
(b) total energy=½ m ω2 A 2 k= = =10 000 N m −1 [1]
x 0.025
¿ ½ m(4 π 2 f 2) A 2 ,
since ω=2 πf m 725+75
2=k f 2
k= 2
2
where k =½ m 4 π 2 A 2 (b) T =2 π
√ k
=2 π
√4 x 10 000
=0.89 s [3]

f
The frequency is halved, amplitude constant
2
x= 2 x ( ½ f )2=0.5 mJ
f
 Worksheet 2: Marking scheme
4 Oscillations

(c)
time between humps = distance / speed
15
t= =0.89 s
17

The frequency of the bumps matches the

frequency of oscillation of the car, resonance
occurs, the amplitude of vibration becomes
very large.
[3]