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Asphalt Cement, Asphalt Cutbacks, Emulsified Asphalt

The document discusses different types of bituminous materials used in road construction including asphalt cement, asphalt cutbacks, emulsified asphalt, blown asphalt and road tar. It provides details on the production and uses of each type. Asphalt cement is obtained from crude oil and used for hot mix asphalt. Asphalt cutbacks include slow, medium and rapid curing types produced by blending asphalt cement with solvents. Emulsified asphalt involves dispersing asphalt particles in water using emulsifiers. The document also covers the properties and classifications of different asphalt materials for pavement construction including consistency, aging, curing rate and water resistance.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
82 views4 pages

Asphalt Cement, Asphalt Cutbacks, Emulsified Asphalt

The document discusses different types of bituminous materials used in road construction including asphalt cement, asphalt cutbacks, emulsified asphalt, blown asphalt and road tar. It provides details on the production and uses of each type. Asphalt cement is obtained from crude oil and used for hot mix asphalt. Asphalt cutbacks include slow, medium and rapid curing types produced by blending asphalt cement with solvents. Emulsified asphalt involves dispersing asphalt particles in water using emulsifiers. The document also covers the properties and classifications of different asphalt materials for pavement construction including consistency, aging, curing rate and water resistance.

Uploaded by

trjirew3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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University of Al-Qadissiyah College of Engineering

Roads and Transport Department Technology of asphalt concrete 2nd Year

BITUMINOUS MATERIALS TYPES

Bituminous binders can be classified into three general groups: asphalt cement, asphalt
cutbacks, and emulsified asphalt. Blown asphalt and road tars are also other types of
bituminous material that now are not used commonly in highway construction.

1. Asphalt Cements

Asphalt cements are obtained after separation of the lubricating oils. They are semisolid
hydrocarbons with certain physiochemical characteristics that make them good
cementing agents. They are also very viscous, and when used as a binder for aggregates
in pavement construction, it is necessary to heat both the aggregates and the asphalt
cement prior to mixing the two materials. The particular grade of asphalt cement has
been designated by its penetration and viscosity. Asphalt cements are used mainly in
the manufacture of hot-mix and in a variety of ways, including the construction of
highways and airport pavement surfaces and bases, parking areas, and industrial floors.
The specific use of a given sample depends on its grade.

2. Asphalt Cutbacks
The asphalt cutbacks are slow-curing asphalts, medium-curing cutback asphalts, and
rapid-curing cutback asphalts. They are used mainly in cold-laid plant mixes, road
mixes (mixed-in-place), and as surface treatments.

Rapid Curing Asphalt (tack coat); Rc, Produced by blending asphalt cement with an
oil distillate that will easily evaporate, thereby facilitating a quick change from the
liquid form at time of application to the consistency of original asphalt. – Gasoline or
naphtha is used as the solvent. Specifications for the use of these asphalts are given in
AASHTO.

Medium Curing Asphalt (prime coat); Mc, Produced by fluxing or cutting the
residual asphalt (120‐150 penetration) with light fuel oil or kerosene (harden faster than
Sc and similar in consistencies). The fluidity of Mc depends on the amount of solvent
in material.

Mc‐3000 (20% solvent) and Mc‐70 (45% solvent).

Slow Curing Asphalts; Sc, Can be obtained directly as slow-curing straight run
asphalts through the distillation of crude oil by cutting back asphalt cement with a

[6] Dr. Basim Al-Humeidawi


University of Al-Qadissiyah College of Engineering
Roads and Transport Department Technology of asphalt concrete 2nd Year

heavy distillate such as oil ( lower viscosity than asphalt and very slow to harden).
Slow-curing asphalts usually are designated as SC-70, SC-250, SC-800, or SC-3000.
Where, the numbers relate to the approximate kinematic viscosity in centistokes at 60
C0. Specifications for the use of these asphalts are no longer included in AASHTO.

A prime coat is an application of low viscosity asphalt to a granular base in preparation


for an asphalt surface course. It is usually a light grade of medium curing cutback.
• To coat and bond loose material particles on the surface of the base.
• To harden or toughen the base surface to provide a work platform for construction
equipment.
• To plug capillary voids in the base course surface to prevent migration of moisture.
• To provide adhesion between the base course and the succeeding course.
A tack coat is a thin bituminous liquid asphalt, emulsion or cutback layer applied
between HMA pavement lifts to promote bonding. Adequate bonding between
constructions lifts and especially between the existing road surface and an overlay is
critical in order for the completed pavement structure to behave as a single unit and
provide adequate strength.

3. Emulsified Asphalts

Emulsified asphalts are produced by breaking asphalt cement, usually of 100 to 250
penetration range, into minute particles and dispersing them in water with an
emulsifier. They remain in suspension in the liquid phase as long as the water does not
evaporate or the emulsifier does not break. Asphalt emulsions therefore consist of
asphalt, which makes up about 55 to 70 percent by weight, water, and an emulsifying
agent. Emulsified asphalts are used in cold-laid plant mixes and road mixes (mixed in-
place) for several purposes, including the construction of highway pavement.

Asphalt Emulsions ‐ Composition

Three basic ingredients

Asphalt
Water
Emulsifying agent

[�7�] Dr. Basim Al-Humeidawi


University of Al-Qadissiyah College of Engineering
Roads and Transport Department Technology of asphalt concrete 2nd Year

May contain other additives

Polymers
Stabilizers
Coating improvers
Airstrips
Break control agents

Based on electrical charges surrounding asphalt particles Asphalt emulsions are


classified into three categories:

Anionic ( ): surface active agent (sodium palm slate CH3 (CH2)14CooNa)


Cationic (+): surface active agent (Lauryl Trimeluy Ammonium chloride C15H31
NH3 CL)
Nonionic (neutral)

Based on set rate of asphalt emulsions are classified into four categories:

RS – Rapid Setting: Little/no ability to mix with aggregate.( Chip Seals)


MS – Medium Setting : Can mix with coarse but not fine aggregate.( Cold
Mixes, Tack Coats)
SS – Slow Setting: Can mix with fine aggregate. (Plant Mixing, In place
Recycling)
QS – Quick Setting : QS Expected to break more quickly than SS.( Slurry
Seals, Micro Surfacing)

4. Blown Asphalts

Blown asphalt is obtained by blowing air through the semisolid residue obtained during
the latter stages of the distillation process. Blown asphalt generally is not used as a
paving material. However, it is very useful as a roofing material, for automobile
undercoating, and as a joint filler for concrete pavement.

5. Road Tars

Tars are obtained from the destructive distillation of such organic materials as coal.
Their properties are significantly different from petroleum asphalts. In general, they are

[�8�] Dr. Basim Al-Humeidawi


University of Al-Qadissiyah College of Engineering
Roads and Transport Department Technology of asphalt concrete 2nd Year

more susceptible to weather conditions than similar grades of asphalts, and they are
rarely used for highway pavements. They are classified into three general categories
based on the method of production.

Gashouse coal tars


Coke-oven tars.
Water-gas tars.

PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT MATERIALS

The properties of asphalt materials used for pavement construction can be classified
into four main categories:

1. Consistency
2. Aging and temperature sustainability
3. Rate of curing
4. Resistance to water action

1. Consistency

The consistency properties of an asphalt material usually are considered under two
conditions: (1) variation of consistency with temperature and (2) consistency at a
specified temperature.

Variation of Consistency with Temperature

The consistency of any asphalt material changes as the temperature varies.

Consistency at a Specified Temperature

For different types of asphalt and under specific temperature, the consistency may be
differed according to type of asphalt.

2. Aging and Temperature Sustainability

When asphaltic materials are exposed to environmental elements, natural deterioration


(change in state) gradually takes place, and the materials eventually lose their plasticity
and become brittle. This change is caused primarily by chemical and physical reactions
that take place in the material. This natural deterioration of the asphalt material is

[�9�] Dr. Basim Al-Humeidawi

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