Scribd
Upload
356 views5 pages

Trilogy of Magnetics: Applications

This document discusses filter design for electromagnetic interference (EMI) applications. It describes how peripheral cables can act as antennas, radiating magnetic and electrical waves. The impedance of a cable depends on its length and properties, affecting the frequencies it can radiate. Effective EMI filters for cables need a low output impedance to match the high cable impedance in order to achieve high attenuation of noise voltages. Only filter circuits with inductors and capacitors that produce low output and high input impedances are suitable for interfacing with cables to minimize radiated interference energy.

Uploaded by

Sajid Naseeb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
356 views5 pages

Trilogy of Magnetics: Applications

This document discusses filter design for electromagnetic interference (EMI) applications. It describes how peripheral cables can act as antennas, radiating magnetic and electrical waves. The impedance of a cable depends on its length and properties, affecting the frequencies it can radiate. Effective EMI filters for cables need a low output impedance to match the high cable impedance in order to achieve high attenuation of noise voltages. Only filter circuits with inductors and capacitors that produce low output and high input impedances are suitable for interfacing with cables to minimize radiated interference energy.

Uploaded by

Sajid Naseeb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Trilogy of Design Guide

for EMI Filter Design,

Magnetics SMPS & RF Circuits

Applications

475
III Applications

1 Filter Circuits (Including ESD)

1.1 Use of filters in interface applications


Filters may be constructed in different ways. Not only parameters des­cribing the ef-
fectiveness of filter components, such steepness, impedance, attenuation etc. may be
measured on the laboratory test bench or ascer­tained with simulation programs, but
also system specific parameters, such as source impedance, sink impedance, layout,
positioning of the filter in the system, positioning of filter components etc.

Peripheral cables (cables from one device to another, e.g. from PC to keyboard) are
Magnetic wave conductor configurations, which have the ability to radiate electro magnetic waves.
In principle, two possible waves may be excited. Figure 3.1 illustrates the principles:
In one case a magnetic wave is excited from a wire winding, in the other case, from
Electrical wave bowed parallel wire conductor, the d­ ipole, an electrical wave.

Wave excitation Fig. 3.1: Two possibilities of wave excitation (simplified near-field representation)

Dipole electric field The dipole electric field is symmetrical to the surface passing perpendi­cular through
the dipole axis. As this plane is symmetrical to both halves of the dipole, it has the
property of being a zero potential surface or ground surface; it can be replaced by a
metal surface without changing the ­dipole field (Figure 3.2).

478
Fig. 3.2: Conversion of the symmetrical dipole to a rod antenna

If one of the dipole-halves is omitted and is instead fed into the metal plane of symme-
try, a configuration is obtained consisting of a vertical rod above a conducting plane, a
rod antenna. The electric field of a rod a­ ntenna corresponds to that of a dipole, but just Rod antenna
in half the space; the g­ round plane shades the other half. The link to the peripheral Peripheral cable
cable be­comes apparent. Figure 3.3 illustrates this relationship.

Fig. 3.3: Relationship between peripheral cable and rod antenna

The impedance of the rod antenna is twice as high as that of the dipole, the equivalent Impedance
circuits of the rod antenna correspond to that of the dipole.

Figure 3.4 shows that the equivalent circuit of the rod antenna varies depending on its Equivalent circuit
length.

479
III Applications

Fig. 3.4: Equivalent circuit of the rod antenna is dependent on the antenna length

Input impedance The input impedance of the rod antenna – the peripheral cable – changes with length.
In practice, the antenna or cable length of course remains constant, which means the
antenna does not have a defined effective frequency, but a whole interference frequen-
Impedance cy spectrum available to radiate. The impedance bandwidth of such a cable configura-
bandwidth tion is between approx. 40 W and several 1000 W and depends also on parameters
such as cable thickness and type and degree of area coverage and possibly the cable
shield used. In practice, cable shield impedances of over 100 W can be expected.

The interface filters must reduce the interference energy normally fed to the cable or
rod antenna by frequency dependent voltage division (see Chapter III/1.1 The principle
of filtering). It is clear that only certain filter circuits may be used when considering the
Antenna impedance antenna impedance. The output impedance of the filter must be low to achieve high
attenuation as the rod antenna has high input impedance. Figure 3.5 illustrates the
relationships.

480
Fig. 3.5: Impedance relationships at the peripheral cable interface Impedance
relationships
According to the relationships presented in Figure 3.5 this means that
• Z2filter must be as small as possible
• Z3filter must be as large as possible
to keep Urod as small as possible and therefore to achieve a high attenuation of the
noise voltage Unoise. Therefore only filter circuits of the type shown in Figure 3.6 are Filter attenuation
worth considering.

Fig. 3.6: Interface filter circuit versions (common-mode versions not considered)

If the capacitor on the cable end were omitted, the impedance of the in­ductor has to Capacitor
be very high in the required frequency range. To achieve an attenuation of 10 dB, the
cable impedance would have to be 1 kW and the impedance of the inductor 4 kW!
481

You might also like