23.

TRIGONOMETRY

SOLUTION OF RIGHT-ANGLED
TRIANGLES

Trigonometry is the branch of mathematics that

describes the relationship between the angles and
lengths of triangles. It is used to calculate distances in
the real world when it is difficult to measure these
directly. It was first used in navigation and now it has
gained widespread use in fields such as architecture,
surveying, engineering, the manufacturing industry
and many other fields.

m
Calculations of these distances depend on the

co
geometric properties of triangles and so we need to
be familiar with the notation for naming sides and The side opposite the right angle is called the
angles of triangles. hypotenuse.

.
With reference to the acute, 𝜃, at A, the side BC is

hs
The standard notation for a triangle opposite to the angle 𝜃 and called the opposite
side.
In the standard notation for a triangle, we
usually name the sides that are opposite an angle, by
the common letter that names the angle. at The third side, AC is called the adjacent side since
it is next to the angle 𝜃.
m
Consider another right-angled triangle, PQR with an
s
acute angle a , at Q. We use the same principle
as

outlined above to identify and name each side.

sp

The sides opposite The side opposite angle

.fa

angle A is named, a. P is named p.

The side opposite angle The side opposite angle
B is named, b.
Q is named q.
w

The side opposite angle

C is named c. The side opposite R is
named r.
w

The hypotenuse is opposite to the right angle and

w

in this case, it is PQ.

Right angled triangles
The side PR is the opposite side since it is opposite
The sides of a right-angled triangle have special to the angle 𝛼.
names. When naming the sides, it is quite convenient
to firstly name the hypotenuse, since it is the only The third side is QR which is called the adjacent
side that is fixed. The other two sides are named in side since it is next to the angle 𝛼.
relation to the acute angle being considered and these
are named after the said angle is identified.

The diagram below illustrates this principle.

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Solving triangles

Solving a triangle means we must be able to

determine the values of all its elements. Triangles
have six elements- three sides and three angles. A
triangle is specified by three elements and we need to
be given to solve for the remaining elements a
minimum of three elements to solve for the
remaining ones. These three elements that specify a Triangle 1 Triangle 2 Triangle 3
triangle can be any of the following combinations:
Using the property of similar triangles, in the
1. Two sides and the angle included by the triangles 1 and 2, we can write a pair of equivalent
sides ratios as shown below:

m
2. Two angles and their common arm. 𝑝 𝑞
3. Three sides =
𝑎 𝑏
4. Right angle, hypotenuse and one side.

co
Note these ratios are between triangles. However, the
Pythagoras’ Theorem above ratios can be rearranged algebraically so that:

.
𝑝 𝑎

hs
In our study of triangles earlier, we saw that we can =
use Pythagoras’ Theorem to solve for an unknown 𝑞 𝑏
side of a right-angled triangle if we know the lengths
Note that these ratios are now within triangles.
of the other two sides. In applying this theorem, the
three elements to be considered are the right angle
and any two sides. This theorem is stated below. at Similarly, by comparing triangles 1 and 3, we can
m
write
𝑝 𝑞
s
=
𝑠 𝑡
as

Arranging these ratios algebraically, we have:

𝑝 𝑠
sp

=
𝑞 𝑡

Given that triangle ABC is right-angled at C, then

.fa

Combining ratios, we can therefore state

𝑐 % = 𝑎% + 𝑏 %
𝒑 𝒂 𝒔
= = =𝒌
Trigonometry provides another option for solving 𝒒 𝒃 𝒕
w

triangles. We will now introduce the trigonometric

ratios that are used to solve right-angled triangles. This constant, k is a trigonometric ratio, defined as
w

the sine ratio for the angle 300. We can obtain its
Introducing trigonometric ratios value from a calculator or book of trigonometrical
w

tables. It has a value of 0.5 in this case.

The trigonometric ratios are useful when finding the
unknown side of a right-angled triangle. When we If we were to draw an infinite number of triangles
studied triangles, we learnt that two triangles are equiangular to Triangle 1, then the following ratio
similar when all their corresponding angles are the will hold:
same. 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 30A
= 0.5
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
The three triangles below, have the same angles but
they differ in size. These triangles are similar and
from the property of similar triangles, we can also The ratio is different for different angles, yet constant
deduce that the ratio of their corresponding sides is for that particular angle. By comparing other pairs of
the same. sides within a triangle, we can define other ratios.

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Trigonometric ratios
We will now demonstrate the use of these ratios in
For any given right-angled triangle, the ratio of pairs solving for unknown elements in triangles.
of the sides is constant. There are really six possible
pairs but three of these are the inverse of the other Example 1
pairs. For example, we can pair side 𝑎 with side 𝑐 in Calculate the value of y, in the triangle shown.
two ways:
𝑎 𝑐
𝑜𝑟
𝑐 𝑎
G H
The ratio H is the inverse of the ratio G or vice versa.
In the right-angled triangle, ABC, shown below we

m
will only be concerned with the names of the three
ratios:

co
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Solution
𝑐 𝑐 𝑏
The given side is the hypotenuse and the

.
These ratios are called trigonometric ratios and will unknown side is adjacent to 41.20. The cosine

hs
be defined with reference to the acute angle, A = q ° . ratio connects these two sides.
y
The side opposite the right angle, AB is the cos 41.2° =
8.2
hypotenuse whose length is c.

The side opposite the angle θ, BC is the opposite side at \ y = 8.2 ´ cos 41.2°
= 6.169
m
whose length is a.
= 6.17 to 2 decimal places
s
The remaining side, AC is the adjacent side whose
length is b.
as

Example 2
We now define the three commonly used In the figure shown, calculate the value of x.
trigonometric ratios.
sp
.fa
w
w

Solution
w

The given side is opposite 240 and the unknown

The sine ratio (abbreviated sin) side is the hypotenuse. The sine ratio connects
opp a these two sides.
sin θ = =
hyp c 6.3
sin 24° =
The cosine ratio (abbreviated cos) x
adj b 6.3
cosθ = = \x =
hyp c sin 24°
15.489
The tangent ratio (abbreviated tan)
= 15.49 to 2 decimal places
opp a
tan θ = =
adj b

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Example 3 Example 5
Calculate the size of the angle, a to the nearest In the triangle below, calculate the length of the
0.10. hypotenuse.

m
Solution
We are given the hypotenuse and the side
Solution

co
opposite to a . The sine ratio connects these two
sides. We can choose to use Pythagoras’ theorem.
3.6
sin a = Letting h represent the hypotenuse.

.
5.72

hs
3.6 ℎ% = 4.5% + 2.8%
\a is the angle whose sine is .
5.72
ℎ% = 20.25 + 7.84 = 28.09
æ 3.6 ö
This is written as a = sin -1 ç

= 39.00°
÷
è 5.72 ø
at ℎ = √28.09
m
ℎ = 5.3
= 39.0° to the nearest 0.1°
s
Alternatively, we could have used trigonometry, as
shown below.
as

Example 4
4.5
tan q =
Calculate the size of the angle, a to the nearest 2.8
sp

0.10. æ 4.5 ö
q = tan -1 ç ÷
è 2.8 ø
q = 58.1°
.fa

4.5
sin 58.1 =
ℎ
w

4.5 4.5
ℎ= =
w

sin 58.1 0.85

ℎ = 5.3
w

Solution

We are given the side adjacent to a and the side

opposite to a . The tangent ratio connects these
two sides.
SOLUTION OF NON-RIGHT-ANGLED
3.7 TRIANGLES
tan a =
5.62 The above section dealt with the solution of only
æ 3.7 ö right-angled triangles. But these ratios cannot be
\a = tan -1 ç ÷
è 5.62 ø applied to non-right angled triangles. We will now
= 33.35° explore two rules that will be used for other triangles.
The choice between the two depends on what
= 33.4° to the nearest 0.1° combination of three elements is given.

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Sine rule The Cosine Rule
Consider any triangle ABC.
Consider any triangle ABC.

The Sine Rule states that

a b c

m
= =
sin A sin B sin Cˆ
ˆ ˆ
a 2 = b2 + c 2 - 2bc cos Aˆ

co
In using the rule to find an unknown side, we must
be given any three parts of the ratio: OR b2 = a 2 + c 2 - 2ac cos Bˆ
OR c 2 = a 2 + b2 - 2ab cos Cˆ

.
a b

hs
=
sin Aˆ sin Bˆ Note that each form has four quantities. If we
know any three, the fourth can be found.

or
a
=
c
sin A sin Cˆ
ˆ
at By observing the pattern in each of the above forms
m
of the cosine rule, we must note that to solve for an
b c unknown side, the other two sides must be given as
or =
sin B sin Cˆ
ˆ well as the angle opposite the unknown side.
s
as

We may also use the cosine rule to find an unknown

angle, but in such a case, all three sides of the triangle
The Cosine Rule must be given.
sp

In some instances, we are given three elements but It should also be noted that the sine and cosine rules
they do not allow the setting up of the sine rule. For hold for any triangle, even right-angled triangles but
.fa

example, if we need to solve the following triangle, it is much easier to use the trigonometric ratios when
there are no matching pairs of sides to angles given. solving right-angled triangles. In solving non-right-
angled triangles, we select either the sine or cosine
rule depending on the given information.
w

Example 6
w

Calculate the size of ∠ACB.

w

In such a case, we cannot apply the sine rule. Hence,

we might be able to use another rule called the cosine
rule.

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Solution Example 8

In setting up ratios using the sine rule we match a Calculate AB

side to the angle opposite it as shown.

So, 7.6 will be matched with 420, and

6.5 will be matched with ∠C.

7.6 6.5
=
sin 42° sin Cˆ
7.6 ´ sin Cˆ = 6.5 ´ sin 42°
6.5 ´ sin 42°
sin Cˆ =

m
7.6
= 0.5722

co
C = sin -1 ( 0.5722 ) Solution
= 34.9° By the cosine rule

.
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 - 2ab cos Cˆ

hs
Example 7
c 2 = ( 8.4 ) + ( 7.2 ) - 2 (8.4 )( 7.2 ) cos 31.4°
2 2

Calculate the length of AB correct to 2 decimal

places. c 2 = 70.56 + 51.84 - 103.245

at c 2 = 19.155
c = 4.377
m
Example 9
s
as

Calculate the size of angle BAC, given AC = 8.2

m, AB = 5.7 m and BC = 4.9 m
B
sp

a
c
.fa

A C
b
Solution
w

Matching sides with their opposite angles, we have

6.3 will be matched with 420, and Solution

w

AB will be matched with ∠C.

w

6.3 𝐴𝐵
A
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛42 𝑠𝑖𝑛55A
𝐴𝐵 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛42A = 6.3 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛55A

6.3 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛55A
𝐴𝐵 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛42A
𝐴𝐵 = 7.71 𝑐𝑚

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APPLICATION OF TRIGONOMETRY

We will now examine how we can use trigonometry

to solve problems in the real world. We will relate
objects in the physical world to positions in three-
dimensional space and use trigonometry to calculate
unknown distances between two points in a plane or
two points in space. In the following section, we will
use triangles and laws of trigonometry to calculate
unknown distances such as the height of a cliff and
the depth or breadth of an ocean.
Relationship between the angle of elevation and
Angles of Elevation and Depression the angle of depression

m
These angles are defined in relation to an observer Both the angle of elevation and the angle of
who may be looking up or looking down at an object. depression are measured from the horizontal drawn

co
from the observer. If the observer is at A looking up
Angle of Elevation at the object at B then there is an angle of elevation at
A. If the observer is at B looking down at an object at

.
When an object is above the level of an observer, we A, then there is an angle of depression at B.

hs
have an angle of elevation.
The angle of elevation, as seen by an observer, is the
angle between the horizontal (drawn in line with the
observer’s eye) and the line drawn from the
observer to the object (line of vision or sight). at
m
The angle of elevation, denoted by a ° is shown in
the diagram below.
s
as

The angle of elevation of B from A is x° .

sp

The angle of depression of A from B is also x° .

The angles are equal because they are alternate
angles.
.fa

A typical problem on angles of elevation and

depression involves calculating distances and angles
w

Angle of Depression within a right-angled triangle.

w

When an object is below the level of an observer, we Example 1

have an angle of depression.
w

An observer situated at a point A, on the top of a

The angle of depression, as seen by an observer, is vertical cliff of height 50 m, looks down at a steamer
located at point B, an unknown distance away from
the angle between the horizontal (drawn in line with
the base of the cliff. If the angle of depression of B
the observer’s eye) and the line drawn from the from A is 24º.
observer to the object (line of vision or sight).
Calculate the horizontal distance between the object
The angle of depression, denoted by q ° is shown in and the base of the cliff.
the diagram below.

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 Solution Solution
We draw a diagram to show the angle of depression Let F be the base of the building and T be the top
and the rest of the given data. of the building. The information is shown in the
diagram below.
We need to find TF but we do not have the lengths
of any side in triangle TBF. However, in triangle
TAB we know AB and the angle at A. We can find
the remaining angles in the triangle as shown.

TBˆ A = 180° - 38° ATˆB = 180° - (27° + 142°)

= 142° = 11°

m
Since the cliff is vertical, angle ACB = 900.
The angle of depression, 240, is shown at the top of

co
the cliff.
Consider the triangle ABC
ABC = 240 (alternate angles).

.
Let the distance between the object, B and the base of

hs
the cliff be x.
We can now find the length of TB by using the
We are given the height of the cliff, AC = 50 m and
we wish to find x. With reference to angle ABC, the sine rule in DTAB .
side AC is opposite and the side BC is adjacent.
Hence, we use the tangent ratio. at TB
=
10
sin 27° sin 11°
m
10 ´ sin 27°
50 \ TB =
𝑡𝑎𝑛 24A = sin 11°
𝑥
s
50 = 23 .793m
𝑥 =
as

𝑡𝑎𝑛 24A
We can now solve for the height of the building
using triangle TBF.
𝑥 = 112.3 𝑚
sp

The distance between the object and the base of the

cliff is 112.3 m
.fa

Example 2
An observer, at A, on horizontal ground, observes the
top of a building at an angle of elevation of 27º.
w

Another observer at B, 10 m away from A and on the

same horizontal plane, observes the angle of elevation
w

of the top of the building is 38º.

TF
sin 38° =
w

23.793
\ TF = 23.793 sin 38°
= 14.648
= 14.65 m to 2 decimal places

Therefore, the height of the building is 14.65 m

Calculate the height of the building.

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Angle of Elevation of the sun Example 4
The diagram, not drawn to scale, shows a vertical
The angle of elevation of the sun is the angle between tower FT of height 25 m. Three points, R, F and T
the horizontal and the line of vision if one is able to are on horizontal ground such that R is due East of
look up at the sun. We usually measure this by F and the angle of elevation of T from R is 27°. S
erecting a vertical pole and measuring the length of is due South of F and SF = 43.3 m.
the shadow, as shown in the diagram below.

m
co
(a) Calculate the length of (i) RF and (ii) SR,
correct to one decimal place.

.
(b) Calculate, to 1 decimal place, the angle of

hs
Example 3
elevation of the top of the tower, from S.
A tree, 50 m tall and standing at a right angle to the
ground, casts a shadow of 60 m.
Calculate the angle of elevation of the top of the tree
from the furthest edge of the shadow.
at Solution- Part (a)
(a) (i) RTF is a right-angled triangle because FT is
m
a vertical tower. Angle TRF is 270 since it is the
angle of elevation of T from R.
s
Solution
25
as

tan 27° =
Solution Let a ° be the angle of elevation of the sun. RF
The diagram shows the height of the tree and the 25
\ RF =
length of its shadow. tan 27°
sp

= 49.06 m
= 49.1 m
.fa

(a) (ii) In triangle

SRF, R is east of F
w

and S is south of F,
angle SFR is a right
w

angle.
We are given SF and
we calculated RF
w

With reference to ∝, 𝑡he opposite and adjacent sides above.

of the triangle are 50 m and 60 m respectively.
SR 2 = ( 49.06 ) + ( 43.3)
2 2
Hence, we may use the tangent ratio, (Pythagoras' Theorem)
50 = 2406.88 + 1874.89
tan a ° =
60 = 4281.77
æ 50 ö
\ a ° = tan -1 ç ÷ SR = 4281.77
è 60 ø
= 65.43 m
= 39.80
= 39.8° to the nearest 0.1 ° = 65.4 m correct to 1 decimal place

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Solution Part (b) points, say between North and East, we use NE, and
To calculate the angle of elevation of the top of the between South and East, we use SE, between South
tower, T, from S, we need to draw the triangle TFS and West we use SW and between West and North
and insert the angle of elevation. We know that we use NW. The diagram below shows these
this triangle is right-angled as T is a vertical tower directions.
and we know the length of the sides FT and SF.

m
co
Using the cardinal points, we can also describe the
Let the angle of elevation, TSF, be a. position of points that do not fall on exactly on any of
25 these eight positions. To describe the position of the
tan a ° =

.
43.3 points P and R from the origin, we follow the

hs
æ 25 ö conventions shown below.
a ° = tan -1 ç ÷
è 43.3 ø
Since P lies closer to
a = 30.00
= 30.0 to 1 decimal place at P North (N) than East
(E). The angle
m
measured from the
north is 20°.
Therefore, the
s
Bearings direction of P is
as

N, 20° E.
In our study of trigonometry so far, we have been The point R is closer
calculating unknown distances in triangles. We were to East (E) than north
sp

given certain elements of a triangle and used either (N). The angle,
the trigonometric ratios or the sine and cosine rule to R measured from north
solve for any of the elements of the triangles. is 20°. Therefore, the
direction of R is
.fa

In the application of trigonometry to real-world E, 20° N.

problems, we will now learn to use angles to describe
the position of one point with reference to another.
w

Often in navigation, it is necessary to determine the

relative position of objects and to calculate the Although the cardinal points are widely used, there is
w

distance of journeys. The rules we learned in a measure of direction which does not refer to any
trigonometry can be applied to solve problems cardinal point, only an angle. This measure is
w

involving both directions and distances. referred to as bearings. If we were to describe the
four cardinal points using bearings, then the
We use bearings to tell the direction of one point directions would be read as shown below.
from another. We will now compare how bearings
relate to the four cardinal points.

Bearings and the Cardinal Points

The four cardinal points are East, West, North and

South. We often use it to describe the position of one
place on a map in relation to another place. For
positions that fall exactly between any two cardinal

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The NE, NW, SW and SE directions, these would be We are given the points A and B as shown
described using bearings as follows.

First set up a compass at A and at B, then join AB.

m
co
Assuming that a compass needle is pointing
exactly north, when it makes a clockwise turn of
450, it will be pointing NE.

.
After a clockwise turn of 1350, the needle will

hs
point to SE.
After a clockwise turn of 2250, the needle will
point to SW.
After a clockwise turn of 3150, the needle will
point to NW.
at The angle that the line AB makes with the North
m
line at B is the bearing of A from B. This is shown
We can now define a bearing. by q ° in the diagram.
s
Bearing If however, we were interested in the bearing of B
as

A bearing is a direction measured from North in a from A, then we follow the same steps as above but
clockwise direction and is given only by an angle. the angle is measured at the point A instead of B.
Bearings must always be written using three digits.
sp

For angles less than 100°, we place a zero or zeros in

front the number so as to ensure there are three digits.
For example,
.fa

North is on a bearing of 000°.

North East is on a bearing of 0450.
w

Measuring bearings
w

How do we measure the bearing of one point from

w

another? Consider two points A and B. We are

interested in finding the bearing of A from B. This
means if a person is at B, he wants to know what is
A’s bearing is from him. We can also say what is A’s
direction from B?

In solving problems on bearings, it is recommended

that we set up a compass at each of the two points we
are interested. In this case, at A and B. Next, we join The angle that the line AB makes with the North
the points A and B. We now measure direction from line at A is the bearing of B from A. This is shown
B by identifying the angle between the North line and by ∝ in the diagram.
the line segment measured in a clockwise direction.

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Example 7 Solution
The bearing of P from Q is 120°. Find the bearing (i)
of Q from P.

Solution
The bearing of P from Q is 120°.Note the bearing is
measured at Q.

m
co
x° = 180° - (48° + 56°) = 76°
(Angles in a straight line = 180º)

.
hs
The bearing of Q from P is 300°.Note the bearing is (ii) Applying the cosine rule to triangle PQR
measured at P. 𝑅𝑃% = 220% + 360% − 2(220)(360) cos 560A
𝑅𝑃% = 48400 + 129600 − (158400)𝑐𝑜𝑠56A

at RP = c178000 − (158400)𝑐𝑜𝑠56A
RP = √89423.84
m
𝑅𝑃 = 299.0 km

de di
(iii) = fghjkl
s
fghdie
mkA %nn
as

= fghjkl
fghdie
mkA×fghjkl
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑅𝑃𝑄 =
%nn
sp

mkA×fghjkl
𝑅𝑃𝑄 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛pq r %nn s
Example 8 = 86.5A
Bearing is the direction measured from north in a
.fa

The diagram shows the route of an aeroplane flying clockwise direction.

from point P to Q and then to R. The bearing of Q
from P is 1320 and the angle PQR is 560. The
w

distance from P to Q is 220 km and the distance

from Q to R is 360 km. Calculate
w

(i) the value of x

(ii) the distance RP
w

(iii) the bearing of R from P.

\ Bearing of R from P = 1320 + 86.50

= 218.50

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SOLID TRIGONOMETRY 𝐵𝐶 % = 6% + 10%
%
𝐵𝐶 = 36 + 100 = 136
We can use trigonometry and Pythagoras’ Theorem 𝐵𝐶 = √136
to calculate unknown lengths of sides and angles BC = 11.7 units
within solids.
Applying Pythagoras’ theorem to the right-angled
Internal Diagonals triangle, ABC, we have:

Let us examine a cuboid whose dimensions are given 𝐴𝐵 % = 𝐴𝐶 % + 𝐵𝐶 %

as shown. We wish to calculate the length of the 𝐴𝐵 % = 225 + 136
internal diagonal labelled, d. 𝐴𝐵 % = 361
𝐴𝐵 = √361
𝐴𝐵 = 19

m
E
A Notice that the diagonal AB is the same length as any
diagonal from two similar vertices such as DC, EF

co
D H and GH.

The angle between a line and a plane

.
hs
To identify an angle between a line and a plane in the
above cuboid, we may first consider the vertical line,
G AC and the plane BGCF. The angle between this line
C at and the plane is angle, ACB = 900.
m
B Now consider the internal diagonal, AB and the plane
F BGFC. This makes an angle, ∝ with the plane BFCG.
s
as

E
To calculate the diagonal that connects A to B is also
the hypotenuse of the right-angled triangle, ABC. A
D H
sp

E
.fa

A
D H
w

G
∝ C
w

B
F
w

G
C
B
To calculate ∝, we can use the triangle ABC and any
F trigonometric ratio. Selecting the sine ratio, we have:
𝐴𝐶
sin ∝ =
𝐵𝐴
15
To calculate AB, we must first calculate BC. Since sin ∝ =
19
the solid is a cuboid, the base is a rectangle and all its pq u
15
vertices will be right angles. So using Pythagoras’ ∝= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 v
19
theorem, we have: ∝= 52.1 A

217

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Example 9 Solution
A vertical flagpole OP stands at the centre of a (i)
horizontal field QRST. Using the information in
the diagram, not drawn to scale, calculate the
height of the flagpole.

Consider triangle PRS:

𝑅𝑃% = 60% + 100%

m
𝑅𝑃% = 13 600
𝑅𝑃 = √13 600

co
𝑅𝑃 = 116.61
𝑅𝑃 = 116.6 𝑐𝑚 correct
to 1dp

.
hs
(ii)

Solution

𝑇𝑅% = 𝑇𝑆 % + 𝑅
tan 42A =
𝑂𝑃 at
m
𝑇𝑅% = 10% + 24% 𝑇𝑂
𝑇𝑅% = 676 A
𝑂𝑃
tan 42 =
𝑇𝑅 = √676 13
s
𝑇𝑅 = 26 𝑂𝑃 = 13 × tan 42A
𝑂𝑃 = 11.7
as

𝑇𝑂 = 26 ÷ 2 = 13 Consider triangle PRT:

%
𝑅𝑇 % = 20% + √13600
𝑅𝑇 % = 400 + 13 600
sp

Example 10
𝑅𝑇 = √14 000
The diagram shows a cuboid. A straight adjustable 𝑅𝑇 = 118.3 𝑐𝑚 correct
wire connects R to P along the top of the cuboid.
.fa

to 1dp
(i) Calculate the length of RP
(ii) The connection at P is now adjusted and
moved to T. Calculate the length of the wire RT. (iii)
w

(iii) Calculate the angle TRV.

w
w

Let 𝑇𝑅𝑉 =∝A

20
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝=
√14000
pq u
20
∝= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 v
√14000
A
∝= 80.3 to 1dp

218

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