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    José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda: Noli Me Tángere El Filibusterismo

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    Hashi Obob
    José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during Spanish colonial rule in the late 19th century. He was a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement advocating for political reforms. He was executed by the Spanish for his involvement in the Philippine Revolution, though he did not directly participate. Rizal is considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines for his writings and contributions to inspiring independence.

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    José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda: Noli Me Tángere El Filibusterismo

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    Hashi Obob
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    José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during Spanish colonial rule in the late 19th century. He was a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement advocating for political reforms. He was executed by the Spanish for his involvement in the Philippine Revolution, though he did not directly participate. Rizal is considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines for his writings and contributions to inspiring independence.

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    Jose Rizal History

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    JOSE RIZAL

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    José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during Spanish colonial rule in the late 19th century. He was a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement advocating for political reforms. He was executed by the Spanish for his involvement in the Philippine Revolution, though he did not directly participate. Rizal is considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines for his writings and contributions to inspiring independence.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    128 views2 pages

    José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda: Noli Me Tángere El Filibusterismo

    Uploaded by

    Hashi Obob
    José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during Spanish colonial rule in the late 19th century. He was a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement advocating for political reforms. He was executed by the Spanish for his involvement in the Philippine Revolution, though he did not directly participate. Rizal is considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines for his writings and contributions to inspiring independence.

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    José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda[7](Spanish pronunciation: 

    [xoˈse ri
    ˈsal]; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during
    the tail end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is tagged as the
    national hero (pambansang bayani) of the Filipino people.[8] An ophthalmologist by
    profession, Rizal became a writer and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda
    Movement, which advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain.

    He was executed by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of rebellion after
    the Philippine Revolution, inspired in part by his writings, broke out. Though he was not
    actively involved in its planning or conduct, he ultimately approved of its goals which
    eventually led to Philippine independence.
    He is widely considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines and has been
    recommended to be so honored by an officially empaneled National Heroes Committee.
    However, no law, executive order or proclamation has been enacted or issued officially
    proclaiming any Filipino historical figure as a national hero.[9] He was the author of the
    novels Noli Me Tángere and El filibusterismo, and a number of poems and essays.[10][11]

    José Rizal was born in 1861 to Francisco Rizal Mercado y Alejandro and Teodora Alonso
    Realonda y Quintos in the town of Calamba in Laguna province. He had nine sisters and
    one brother. His parents were leaseholders of a hacienda and an accompanying rice farm
    by the Dominicans. Both their families had adopted the additional surnames
    of Rizal and Realonda in 1849, after Governor General Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa decreed
    the adoption of Spanish surnames among the Filipinosfor census purposes (though they
    already had Spanish names).
    Like many families in the Philippines, the Rizals were of mixed mestizo origin. José's
    patrilineal lineage could be traced back to Fujian in China through his father's ancestor
    Lam-Co, a Hokkien Chinesemerchant who immigrated to the Philippines in the late 17th
    century.[12][13][note 1][14] Lam-Co traveled to Manila from Xiamen, China, possibly to avoid
    the famine or plague in his home district, and more probably to escape
    the Manchu invasion during the Transition from Ming to Qing. He finally decided to stay in
    the islands as a farmer. In 1697, to escape the bitter anti-Chinese prejudice that existed in
    the Philippines, he converted to Catholicism, changed his name to Domingo Mercado
    and married the daughter of Chinese friend Augustin Chin-co. On his mother's side,
    Rizal's ancestry included Chinese, Japanese and Tagalog blood. His mother's lineage can
    be traced to the affluent Florentina family of Chinese mestizo families originating
    in Baliuag, Bulacan.[15] He also had Spanish ancestry. Regina Ochoa, a grandmother of his
    mother, Teodora, had mixed Spanish, Chinese and Tagalog blood. His grandfather was a
    half Spaniard engineer named Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo. [16]
    From an early age, José showed a precocious intellect. He learned the alphabet from his
    mother at 3, and could read and write at age 5.[13] Upon enrolling at the Ateneo
    Municipal de Manila, he dropped the last three names that made up his full name, on the
    advice of his brother, Paciano and the Mercado family, thus rendering his name as "José
    Protasio Rizal". Of this, he later wrote: "My family never paid much attention [to our
    second surname Rizal], but now I had to use it, thus giving me the appearance of an
    illegitimate child!"[17] This was to enable him to travel freely and disassociate him from
    his brother, who had gained notoriety with his earlier links to Filipino priests Mariano
    Gomez, Jose Burgosand Jacinto Zamora (popularly known as Gomburza) who had been
    accused and executed for treason.

    Despite the name change, José, as "Rizal", soon distinguished himself in poetry writing
    contests, impressing his professors with his facility with Castilian and other foreign
    languages, and later, in writing essays that were critical of the Spanish historical
    accounts of the pre-colonial Philippine societies. Indeed, by 1891, the year he finished
    his El filibusterismo, this second surname had become so well known that, as he writes to
    another friend, "All my family now carry the name Rizal instead of Mercado because the
    name Rizal means persecution! Good! I too want to join them and be worthy of this
    family name..."[17]

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