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Automotive Data Communication Buses

The document discusses several common communication buses used in automotive systems, including CAN bus, LIN bus, FlexRay, MOST, Ethernet, OBDII, SAE J1850, and SAE J1708. CAN bus is a serial bus originally developed by Bosch that supports data rates up to 1Mbps and is widely used for functions like window and seat control. LIN bus uses a single wire and supports slower data rates up to 19.2kbps, making it suitable for sensors and actuators. FlexRay supports very high data rates up to 10Mbps and is used for advanced driver assistance systems.

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194 views3 pages

Automotive Data Communication Buses

The document discusses several common communication buses used in automotive systems, including CAN bus, LIN bus, FlexRay, MOST, Ethernet, OBDII, SAE J1850, and SAE J1708. CAN bus is a serial bus originally developed by Bosch that supports data rates up to 1Mbps and is widely used for functions like window and seat control. LIN bus uses a single wire and supports slower data rates up to 19.2kbps, making it suitable for sensors and actuators. FlexRay supports very high data rates up to 10Mbps and is used for advanced driver assistance systems.

Uploaded by

Silvio Madety
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Automotive Data Communication Buses

The number of sensors, actuators, entertainment and navigation systems and their
corresponding electronic control units in the typical automobile has been growing
exponentially. Digital devices and systems must communicate via an electrical or
optical signal employing a well defined protocol. These signals and protocols
constitute a communications bus. This page provides an overview of the most
common communication buses used in cars and trucks.

CAN (Controller Area Network)

Brief Description: Can bus is a serial bus originally developed by Robert Bosch
GmbH in 1986 for in-vehicle networks in cars. CAN buses employing twisted wire
pairs were specifically designed to be robust in electromagnetically noisy
environments. The applications of CAN bus in automobiles include window and seat
operation (low speed), engine management (high speed), brake control (high speed)
and many other systems. CAN buses can also be found in other embedded control
applications such as factory automation, building automation, and aerospace
systems.

Maximum Data Rates: 1Mbps at 40m, 125Kbps at 500m, 50kbps at 1000m


Circuit Type: Differential
Physical Layer: Twisted Wire Pair, 9 pin D-Sub
Transmission Format: Asynchronous
Drive Voltage: High: 2.75v ~ 4.5v; Low: 0.5v ~ 2.25v; Differential: 1.5v ~ 3.0v
Network Topology: Point to Point
Standards: ISO 11898/11519

LIN (Local Interconnect Network)

Brief Description: LIN specifications are developed by the LIN consortium. Version
1.1 was released in 1999. The current version is 2.0. A primary advantage of this bus
is that it can be implemented with a single wire (using the vehicle chassis as a current
return path). A small and relatively slow in-vehicle communication and networking
serial bus system, LIN bus is used to integrate intelligent sensors and actuators. LIN
can also communicate over a vehicle's power distribution system with a DC-LIN
transceiver.

Maximum Data Rates: 19.2Kbaud at 40m


Physical Layer: Single-Wire Implementation
Transmission Format: SCI (UART) Data Format
Operating Voltage: 12v over a Single Wire
Network Topology: Single Master / Multiple Slave (Up to 16 slaves)
Standards: Enhanced ISO 9141

FlexRay

Brief Description: FlexRay is a high-speed serial communication bus for in-vehicle


networks. It is an extended protocol version of byteflight. The extended FlexRay has
the performance features required for active safety, such as redundant transmission
channels and a fault-tolerant synchronization mechanism. Applications for FlexRay
include steer-by-wire and brake-by-wire systems.

Maximum Data Rates: 500 kbps ~ 10 Mbps


Communication Modes:Time-triggered, Event-triggered
Network Topology: Single-channel topologies, Dual-channel topologies

MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport)

Brief Description: MOST was originally designed by Oasis SiliconSystems AG (now


SMSC) in cooperation with BMW, Becker Radio, and DaimlerChrysler for multimedia
applications in the automotive environment.  It was intended to be implemented on an
optical fiber, so the bit rates of this bus system are much higher than previous
automotive bus technologies. Since 1997, seventeen international automotive
manufacturers and more than fifty key component suppliers including automotive
electrical suppliers and audio-video manufacturers have contributed to this
technology. MOST buses provide an optical solution for automotive peripherals like
car radios, CD and DVD players, and GPS navigation systems.

Maximum Data Rate: 150 Mbps


Layers: All Seven Layers of the ISO/OSI Reference Model for Data Communication
Network Topology: Point to Point via a Ring Topology but Star Configurations
Other Feature: Plug and Play; 60 Channels, 15 MPEG1 Channels for user
configuration
Standards: ISO 7498-1 (OSI Model)

Ethernet

Brief Description: Although Ethernet is not widely used in current production


vehicles, it has many appealing features. Ethernet communication data rates range
from 10 Mbps to 100 Gbps (much faster than existing automotive networks). Also,
Ethernet is widely used outside the automotive industry, so parts and experienced
developers are readily available.

Maximum Data Rate: currently 100 Mbps for automotive applications


Network Topology: Star, Line or Clustered

OBDII (On-Board Diagnostics II)

Brief Description: OBDII is the second generation of the OBD specification. Since
on-board vehicle computers were introduced in the early 1980's, OBD systems have
made it possible to give the vehicle owner or a technician access to information on
the state of vehicle subsystems. Early implementations of OBD monitored a few
emission related components and simply illuminated a malfunction indicator light.
OBD II defines a communications protocol to provide a standardized series of
diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) via a standardized fast digital communications port.
These codes allow a user to identify and remedy malfunctions within the vehicle.

Signal Protocols: There are 5 signaling protocols currently employed by the OBD II
Interface (J1962 Connector);
SAE J1850 PWM (41.6 kbaud, Ford Motor Company Standard)
SAE J1850 VPW (10.4/41.6 kbaud, General Motors Standard)
ISO 9141-2 (10.4 kbaud, primarily used in Chrysler, European, and Asian vehicles)
ISO 14230 KWP2000 (Keyword Protocol 2000)
ISO 15765 CAN (250 kbps or 500 kbps).
Standards: ISO 11898, SAE J1962, J1850, J1939, J1978, J1979, J2012, J2178-1,
J2178-2, J2178-3, J2178-4

SAE J1850

Brief Description: The SAE J1850 Bus, developed in 1994, is used for diagnostics
and data sharing applications in vehicles. It can be found in OBD II connectors in
some older makes of cars.

Maximum Data Rates: 41.6 kbps (PWM); 10.4 kbps (VPW)


Physical Layer: Two-wire, differential (PWM); Single-wire (VPW)
Standards: SAE J1850
More Information: http://standards.sae.org/wip/j1850/

SAE J1708

Brief Description: J1708 provides serial data communications between


microcomputer systems in heavy-duty vehicle applications. J1708 defines the
physical layer only.

Maximum Data Rates: 9600 bps


Physical Layer: 2-Wire 18 AWG Wire (maximum of 40m), RS485 bus as electrical
layer
Standards: SAE J1708
More Information: http://www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1708_200408

Updates or corrections to this web page should be emailed to [email protected].


Return to CVEL Automotive Electronics Home Page.

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