SCIENCE 9; mlcTapulayan&jmMagallanes

Have you personally been to Albay or Tagaytay? Have you actually seen Mayon
Volcano or Taal Volcano? Have you ever seen a live volcanic eruption? How did that make
you feel? If you haven’t, wouldn’t you want to see an erupting volcano in full view or at
least see a real volcano in person? Have you heard about the damage caused by the eruption
of Mount Pinatubo in Zambales? Volcanic eruption is not new in our country and we’ve had
several eruptions in the past decades. Why do a number of active volcanoes exist in the
Philippines?
Is it possible for volcanic eruptions to affect our climate in the Philippines or other
parts of the world? What exactly are the factors that affect the climate of a place? Recently
and in the past years, there has been much discussion about global climate change and its
effects. How can global climate change be best controlled? These questions will be addressed
as we go along this 10th Module in Science 9.

You will find the answers to the questions above when you take the following lessons:
 Classification of Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions
 Climate: Addressing the Effects of Global Climate Change
To do well in this module, please remember and do the following:
1. Read the instructions carefully before starting anything.
2. Complete all the activities and answer sheets.
3. Look up the meaning of the words in this module that you do not know.
4. You will come across some process questions and key concepts as you go through different lessons
and activities. Jot down short notes, draw diagrams, and summarize what you have just read.
5. For activities that entails skills and critical thinking, use the provided rubric/criteria to evaluate your
work before submission.
6. Allow time for and when you are mentally tired. Make a timetable to
schedule your study and recreation.

Similar to the previous modules, let’s find out first how much you already know about this
lesson. Shade the letter that you think best answers the question. After taking the test, you
will check your own work using the Answer Key. Take note of the items that you were not
able to correctly answer and look for the right answer as you go through this module.

A B C D
0 0 0 0 1. The semi – molten rock underneath a volcano is called _______________.
a. geyser b. lahar c. lava d. magma
0 0 0 0 2. The tallest volcano on Earth is ______________.
a. Mauna Kea b. Mayon Volcano c. Mount Everest d. Mount Vesuvius

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0 0 0 0 3. Which of the countries below has the most number of active volcanoes?
a. India b. Indonesia c. Ireland d. Italy
0 0 0 0 4. Active volcanoes are most likely to be found ________________________.
a. in convergent boundaries c. where tectonics plate collide
b. in the Pacific Ring of Fire d. all of the above
0 0 0 0 5. Mount Kilauea in Hawaii is a low and broad volcano. This type of volcano that is formed from
loose and fluid lava that flows over each other is called _________________.
a. cinder cone b. shield volcano c. stratovolcano d. submarine
0 0 0 0 6. Factors that define climate are _____________________________.
a. temperature and humidity c. temperature and precipitation
b. atmosphere and lithosphere d. carbon footprint and greenhouse gases
0 0 0 0 7. Which type of volcano is presently not erupting, has not erupted in recent history and that is unlikely to do
so for a very long time in the future?
a. active volcano b. dormant volcano c. extinct volcano d. inactive volcano
0 0 0 0 8. The primary gas responsible for global warming is __________________.
a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. sulfur dioxide d. water vapor
0 0 0 0 9. Leptospirosis is an animal – borne disease caused by the urine of ______________.
a. cats b. mosquitoes c. pigs d. rats
0 0 0 0 10. Which of the following is NOT true about the International Agreements on Climate Change issues?
a. inclusion of pollution taxes
b. “polluters” must pay principle
c. common but differentiated responsibilities of contributors to pollution
d. monitoring and control of emission of greenhouse gases except carbon dioxide

’
You can now check your answers from the answer key placed in the last
page. If you got at least 5 correct answers, then you’re half way to go. If
not, that’s okay. We will learn more in the next activities to come.

Volcanoes like Mayon and Taal are sight to behold. But even with their magnificent beauty, they can cause
severe damage to properties and harmful effects to our environment like the one that happened to our country in the
past. Have you ever wondered why our country has a lot of volcanoes or how these volcanoes were formed? The
Philippines is just one of the several countries situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Recall that it’s the geologic location
along subducting plate boundaries that mainly determines the formation and existence of volcanoes. How can volcanic
eruptions change the global climate?
Let’s start exploring this module by gathering your ideas about volcanoes.

Volcanoes in Southeast Asia

Let us locate where in Southeast Asia are most of the active volcanoes situated. On the answer sheet on page 8,
mark them out as dots using red or green inked pen. Then, write down at least 5 volcanoes you know that have erupted
within the year 1990 to present. You may use the internet or any Earth Science book for your reference.

A–R Guide
Confirm your ideas about volcanoes using the Anticipation–Reaction (A–R) Guide on page 8. In the Anticipation
column of the A–R Guide, check the box of the corresponding statement in which you agree with. Kindly use BLACK inked
pen in answering this column.

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End of Explore
What have you found out about the location of volcanoes in Southeast Asia? Now
that you have given your initial ideas on volcanoes, let us firm that up by continuing to the
next section of this module. Brace yourself and let’s enter into the world of volcanology!

Your goal in this section is to learn and understand the types of volcanoes and what happens when it erupts.
You will also know what to do before, during, and after a volcanic eruption. Are you ready? Let’s begin!

Lesson

1 MORPHOLOGY OF VOLCANOES
Volcano is derived from the name “Vulcano”, a volcanic island in the Aeolian Islands of Italy. Vulcano originated from
the name “Vulcan”, the god of fire in Roman mythology.
More than half of the world’s 1900 active volcanoes are concentrated in countries along the rim of the Pacific Ocean.
These countries make up what is known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area characterized by frequent earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions.
The basic parts of a volcano are the following:
Fissure - elongated fracture or crack on Earth’s crust from which lava erupts
Conduit - passageway through which magma travels to reach Earth’s surface
Vent - opening where volcanic materials are released
Crater - bowl–shaped depression at the top of the volcano where the vent is located
Flank - side of a volcano
Ash - pulverized rocks, minerals and volcanic glass
Lava - magma that has been extruded during an eruption
Magma Chamber/ reservoir - underground compartment where the magma is stored
Volcanoes are classified according to shape/appearance, activity, and location. Let us learn them one by one through
the task below.

Compare Me to the Others

Using your textbook, distinguish the different types of volcanoes on the given table on Activity 3 found on
page 9 of this module. Then, provide examples on each type.

Lesson

2 Volcanic eruption
A volcanic eruption is one of several forces that change the surface of the planet. Collisions between tectonic plates
deform rocks and trigger a buildup of temperature that causes the rocks to melt, creating magma. This buildup of thick magma
coupled with large amounts of dissolved gases from within a volcano contributes to an explosive eruption of lava, ash, and
rocks.
Volcanic activities usually result if one of the following happens:
 Confining pressure decreases as a result of decompression from the magma rising from a higher pressure point
to a lower pressure point.
 Vapor pressure increases because the magma cools which initiates a crystallization process that enriches the
magma content.
Among the types of eruptions are Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian, and Plnian.

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Hawaiian is the least violent type, with highly fluid or runny

Vulcanian lavaflowing out several vents creating shield volcanoes. Strombolian is
violent, featuring continuous ejection of magma and gas. It results in the
formation of volcanic bombs and cinder cones. In a Vulcanian eruption, a
Hawaiian
thick, viscous magma flows around the vent as solid lava and dust are
ejected. The most violent and explosive type of eruption is the Plinian, which
is caused by the buildup of viscous magma and dissolved gas. This type is
Plinian accompanied by fast – flowing pyroclastic debris and lahars.
Let us now have a quick simulation of how a volcano erupts
Strombolian through the activity below.

VolcanoSpectacular!
Open your textbook on page 225. Perform the Launch Pad Activity and answer the Guide Questions. Use the
Answer Sheet on page 9 for your results.

Lesson

3 Disaster preparedness – volcanic eruption

It is difficult to predict when a volcano will erupt and the predictions are most often unreliable. As volcanic
eruptions are natural phenomena, they will always be part of our lives; hence it is beneficial that we know what to do
prior, during and after a volcanic eruption.
An alert level system is used to classify the state of active volcanoes. Knowing the alert level status of a volcano
is important in determining the necessary actions to be taken, especially if you are residing near an active volcano.
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) is responsible in monitoring and
establishing alert levels of volcanoes.

What Should I Do?

As our country is situated in the “Pacific Ring of Fire”, it is just right that we should know the Do’s and
Don’t’s before, during and after a volcanic eruption. On the activity sheet on pages 9 – 10, list down these things
briefly and concisely. Then, answer the processing questions given.

End of Firm - Up
How do you find the activities in this section? Here, you learn about the
basic information about volcanoes and volcanic eruptions. Let us now go deeper
by moving on to the next section.

You are now familiar with the volcano disaster risk reduction programs and the work of PHIVOLCS. Take
note that volcanologists forecast eruptions, but cannot predict them. Remember also that volcanic eruptions may
be explosive or non – explosive, that is, not all of them are violent. Have you ever wondered if this has any effect
on our climate or the global climate for that matter? Let’s find out the answer to that question in this section.

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My Conclusion
How can volcanic eruptions collectively affect the global climate? Can one volcanic eruption change the global
climate? If in case an eruption does affect climate, is this temporary or permanent? To find the answers to these questions,
read the information and analyze the date presented in each research/resource from the link given below. Then,
accomplish the task on page 10 of the answer sheet.
http://sci.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/climate_effects.html
https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/how-climate-works/how-volcanoes-influence-climate

Revisiting the A-R Guide

Now that you have a deeper understanding of volcanoes and how volcanic eruptions affect humans on a local
and global scale, it’s time to go back to the Anticipation – Reaction Guide (Activity 2) you filled up in the Explore Part
of this module. This time, check the box of the corresponding statement in which you agree with under the Reaction
column. Kindly use BLUE inked pen in answering this column.

Dear Future Generation…

Volcanic eruption is only a fraction of the reason of climate change. Now, there is no doubt that humans have
had, and are having a big impact on Climate Change. Increasing the level of greenhouse gases, burning of fossil fuels,
deforestation, and pollution are among the many activities human do that contribute to the fast changing climate. What
is going to happen in the future? Predictions suggest that we will notice further change to our climate. Is it all doom and
gloom? There have been changes in the climate and there are likely to be more, but, we can plan, adapt and reduce
further impacts. As young individuals, what is your role on this concern? Answer this through the activity on page 10.

End of Deepen
In this section, you have given your ideas about the connection of volcanic eruptions
to the global change of climate. You also shared your insights on the important role you
played for the planet’s future. What realizations do you have regarding the topic?
You are now halfway through the completion of this module. Give yourself a pat on
your shoulder. Relax a bit when you’re feeling tired before moving on to the last section.

Kudos my dear! You are now on the last phase of this module. In this section, you are to apply your
learning to real life situations. You will be given a practical task which will demonstrate your understaning of the
lesson. This module’s PT is an integration to the celebration of the Science Month.
I know you can do the task because you are a Holy Crossian! Ready? Turn to the next page of this
module for your performance task.

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Climate change alters how we relate to other species on Earth and that matters to our health
and our risk for infections. As the concern of the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the
celebration of the Science Month (Month of March) is anchored to the current issue. As part
GOAL of the celebration, your goal is to present helpful information to your fellow youth of the
importance of science and innovation to this present day situation. The challenge is how you
will convince them to be ready and become innovators in times of trials and difficulties.

You are a Senior Science Advocate and Prime Innovator of this institution.
ROLE
audience Fellow young individuals

Holy Cross High school intended March as the celebration of the Science Month. This years
Science Month Theme is “Holy Crossians, Scientifically Armed and Ready, Future Innovators for Proseperity Amidst
situation Global Difficulty”. As a Holy Crossian, you are tasked to influence your fellow youth to use the
Science concepts learned in facing the present day problems.

product Create a POSTER depicting the Science Month theme. Place it in a 1/8 illustration board.

Your output will be evaluated based on :

Content and Organization of Ideas = 50%
standard Originality and Creativity
Visual Impact
=
=
30%
20%
TOTAL: 100%

Deadline of Submission: March 24, 2021

End of Transfer
How was your performance task? Did it help you see the real world use of the
topic?
You have completed this lesson with perseverance and strong will to learn!
Kudos and keep up the good work!

Let us sum up the concepts you’ve learned from this module by completing the sentences
below using simile. Use the answer sheet on page 10 for your answers.
Volcanoes are like…
Climate Change is like…

Nicely done 9th Graders! You made it to the end of Module 10. Congratulations!
May you not get tired of learning. Always remember: “Education is a life – long investment”.

ANSWER KEY to the Pre – Assessment Test

10. d 8. a 6. c 4. d a 2.
9. d 7. c 5. b 3. b d 1.

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REFERENCES
Ferriols – Pavico, Josefina Ma. et al., 2018, Exploring Life through Science Series The New Grade 9, Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc., pp 256 – 321.
Moros, Evelyn M. et al., 2018, Practical Science 9, Diwa Learning Systems Inc., pp. 222 – 277.
Madriaga, Estrellita A. et al., 2015, Science Links Workbook for Scientific and Technological Literacy, Rex Book
Store Inc., pp. 212 – 284.
Science – Grade 9 Learner’s Material, First Edition, 2014, Department of Education
Science Grade 9 – Quarter 2 Learning Module Exemplar, 2017, Private Education Assistance Committee (PEAC)

WEBSITES
159
http://sci.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/climate_effects.html

https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/how-climate-works/how-volcanoes-influence-climate

https://earthobservatory.sg/resources/maps/active-volcanoes-southeast-asia

https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/volcano-hazards/volcanoes-can-affect-climate#:~:text=Volcanoes

https://warmheartworldwide.org/climate-change/?gclid=CjwKCAiAkJKCBhAyEiwAKQBCkhITX8k64Dq

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