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Demostración Desigualdad CBS

This document presents three proofs of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality from linear algebra. It states the inequality that for any vectors x and y in Rn, the absolute value of their inner product is less than or equal to the product of their lengths. The first proof shows this is trivially true if either vector is zero. It then establishes an equivalent inequality and proves the right and left sides separately. The right side is proven using the definition of unit vectors. The document requests the reader complete the second proof for themselves.

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Reysgard Rodriguez
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42 views3 pages

Demostración Desigualdad CBS

This document presents three proofs of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality from linear algebra. It states the inequality that for any vectors x and y in Rn, the absolute value of their inner product is less than or equal to the product of their lengths. The first proof shows this is trivially true if either vector is zero. It then establishes an equivalent inequality and proves the right and left sides separately. The right side is proven using the definition of unit vectors. The document requests the reader complete the second proof for themselves.

Uploaded by

Reysgard Rodriguez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Un teorema y tres formas diferentes de demostrarlo

1
Demostración de la Desigualdad de Cauchy-Bunyakovsky-Schwarz
Universidad Nacional Abierta
Departamento de Matemáticas
Reysgard A. Rodrı́guez
Marzo 2021

Teorema (Desigualdad de Cauchy-Bunyakovsky-Schwarz)


Suponga ~x, ~y ∈ Rn . Then
|~x • ~y | ≤ k~xkk~y k. (1)

Proof
First note that, if either ~x or ~y is the zero vector, then ~x • ~y = 0 and k~xkk~y k = 0. In this case the
theorem is trivially true because |~x • ~y | = |0| = 0 = k~xkk~y k.

Suppose, then, that neither ~x nor ~y is the zero vector. We will establish the truth of an inequality
equivalent to (1), namely
−k~xkk~y k ≤ ~x • ~y ≤ k~xkk~y k. (2)

To do so we validate the right- and left-hand sides of inequality (2) separately.

Step 1 (~x • ~y ≤ k~xkk~y k):


The stipulation that neither ~x nor ~y is the zero vector allows for the following definitions of (unit)
vectors ~u and w:
~
~x ~y
~u = , w
~= . (3)
k~xk k~y k

Observe that

~ 2
0 ≤ k~u − wk
= (~u − w)
~ • (~u − w)
~
= ~u • ~u + w
~ •w
~ − 2(~u • w)
~
= k~uk2 + kwk
~ 2 − 2(~u • w)
~
= 1 + 1 − 2(~u • w)
~
= 2 − 2(~u • w),
~ (4)

which implies that 2(~u • w)


~ ≤ 2, or
~u • w
~ ≤ 1. (5)

~
x ~
y
Substituting the values for ~u and w
~ defined by (3) into inequality (5) yields k~
xk • k~
yk ≤ 1, which
implies ~x • ~y ≤ k~xkk~y k.
1
Desigualdad CBS
Step 2 (−k~xkk~y k ≤ ~x • ~y ):
Begin by defining the unit vector ~s as

−~x −~x
~s = = .
k − ~xk k~xk

Complete this step for extra credit. To do so, go through a similar argument represented by the
expressions in (4), but with the vector ~s − w.
~ Pay close attention to the minus signs as you proceed.

2
This is where you should begin Step 2.

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