PRACTICAL RESEARCH

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Quarter 1 - Module 2
Nature of Inquiry and Research

NAME : ___________________________
STRAND AND YEAR : ___________________________
SUBJECT TEACHER : DENNIS JADE G. NUMERON

Please do not return this module. Keep it with you for your future reference.
Submit your answer sheets only.
Lesson Quantitative and Qualitative
3 Research
Research has two broad methodologies; qualitative research and quantitative research.
Quantitative and qualitative researches are complementary methods that you can combine in your
research studies to get results that are both wide-reaching and profound. To get the best results from
these methods in your research, it’s important that you understand the differences between them which
you will study in this lesson.
In the previous lessons, you learned that research should be systematic, objective, feasible,
empirical and clear. These characteristics guide you in realizing the real nature of research following
the processes as well as the factors in selecting your general problem or topic. As a researcher you
need to consider the ethics and unethical practices in conducting research.

What’s New?
I. When to use Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

 Quantitative data can help you see the big picture.

 Qualitative data adds the details and can also give a human voice to your survey results.

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II. Difference: Qualitative Research versus Quantitative Research 2

Qualitative Quantitative
It aims to create new theory based on The purpose is to test a hypothesis or
the gathered data. theory.
Objective
A fact-finding research used to gain Measures problem using rating scale
understanding of individual and other research parameters
differences in terms of feelings and of group similarities.
experiences.

-natural setting -measurement setting

Data -making stories out of a certain -performs measures out of a certain

Description phenomenon. phenomenon.

-Uses pictures, words, sentences, - Uses numbers, scales, hypotheses,

paragraphs, compositions, narrations calculations, computations and
and statistics tools.
short stories

Sample (size) Small judgment (by decision) Large sample representatives of

sampling population
Data flexible processes) Standardized /Structured
Gathering
Uses interviews, participant Uses census, survey questionnaire,
observation, group discussions. checklist, paper-pencil test and
Ex: Case Study, field research experimentation.

Uses open ended questions. Uses closed ended questions. This

It is a freeform survey questions allow questions can only be answered by
a participant to answer in open-text selecting from a limited number of
format, responses are unlimited to a options, usually “multiple-choice”,
set of options. “yes or no”, or a rating scale

Example:
Example: Strongly agree to strongly
Guide questions for the disagree
interviews In quantitative research closed ended
questions are the basis of all
1. What was your experiences statistical analysis techniques applied
during quarantine period on the on questionnaires and surveys.
COVID-19 pandemic? How did you
handle the situation caused by the Sample Question:
pandemic? Do you agree on online modality class
2. Was the support of the in transitioning the new normal of
National and Local Government education?
enough for your basic needs? Did a. Strongly agree
they conduct evaluation for those who b. Agree
were affected? c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree
Inductive Deductive
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 The researcher starts with the Starts from a hypothesis or already
observations, an open mind without created theory emphasizing the
biases, gathering all exact details of previously researched phenomenon
Activities
the topic and generalization or new from different views (tested against
theory is given towards the end of the observations).
research process.

Uses both inductive and deductive

They are not mutually exclusive with each other in research.
Data
discussions Inductive method or “bottom-up” is used if the researcher starts discussions
and from the lowest and highest means then explains the overall mean.
Presentation
Deductive or “top-down “if discussion is from the overall mean going to the
lowest and highest means, deductive.

Opinions are based on Opinions are based on laws, rules, or other

experience or observation. recognized principles.
There are no criteria used in
data discussions.
Synthesize data, interpret, Statistical
thematic.

Subjective Objective

Data Analysis Data analysis is influenced by The researcher employs standard criteria in
the personal experiences and analyzing data.
views.

Cultivates understanding with Endorse a development.

high validity. Has high output replicability.

Outcome
There are no conclusions Conclusion is formulated towards the end
formulated. of the research process.

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1
For more information on these Designs of Research, see Abdullah, S.N. (2018).Practical Research 1:
Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu./ppt

2
For more information on “Differentiate Qualitative and Quantitative Research”, see Abdullah, S.N. (2018).Practical
Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu./ppt

III. Similarities: Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research

1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation.

2. Both improve life and help us in understanding various issues of life and in giving solutions to our
problems
3. Both start with a problem and end with a new problem.
4. Both use textual forms in analyzing and interpretation of data.
7. Both use inductive and deductive methods of presenting data.

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Activity 1: Question and Answer
Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. How do you define the two designs of research: qualitative and quantitative?
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2. What are the differences and similarities between these methods?

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Direction: Using a Venn Diagram below, illustrate the differences and similarities between a
quantitative and qualitative method of research by filling in completely the Venn diagram presented
in the next page.

One example is done for you to follow.

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

Similarities
Natural Dependent on
Setting Both are rigorous & statistical tool
uses textual form in
data analysis

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Activity 3. Complete the box by filling out the missing description of qualitative or quantitative
research.
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
1. Dependent on statistical tools

Uses open-ended questions 2.

Inductive in data gathering activities. 3.

4. Results oriented and highly structured

Uses more flexible processes. 5.

6. Has high output replicability.

No conclusions formulated. 8.

9. Uses large sample size.

Data analysis is subjective. 10.

Additional Activities
Decide whether the following topics or research questions is qualitative or quantitative. Explain why
and what is your basis. Write your answers on the spaces provided.
• Culinary Arts: Then and Now
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• How do the TVL students feel about their chosen strand?
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 What is the degree of satisfaction of students taking the different SHS?
Tracks?
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• The Why and How of Social Networking Use
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• The Level of Social Media Addiction among the Youth
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 Assessment

Direction: Determine whether each word or group of words indicates Qualitative Research or
Quantitative Research.
___________________1. Naturalistic
___________________2.To validate the already constructed theory
___________________3.Hypothesis
___________________4.Multiple Methods
___________________5.No criteria
___________________6.Pure words, phrases, sentences, compositions and stories
are used in data analysis
___________________7.Open-Ended Questions
___________________8.Highly-structured Research
___________________9. Objective
___________________10.Subjective

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 Lesson The Kinds of Research
4 Across Fields
Developing an interest in different kinds of research will help you look into something that affects
your personality or your life in some important way. If you are interested on a topic you are researching,
you will enjoy reading and learning about it. To define clearly the types of research in areas of interest
you want to embark, focus your scientific skills, your passion and ideas. It supports you to connect to
your career path. The examples of research in areas of interest will lead you to choose specific topic
of your research study which you will be exploring to create new knowledge.

Review
In the previous lessons, you learned about research methods to be used in your particular field
of study. Whatever methods are used, there are many resources to support research, and any number
of variations to the basic methods. Choosing a method of research that is adaptable in your study as
a learner guides you to start making a decision on what topic you want to pursue.

What’s New?

I. Kinds of Research across Fields

Areas of
Description Example of Studies
Interest

Personal expression in various art 1.The Role of Arts in Student

Arts-Based
forms is use as a primary mode of Achievement in Reading
Research inquiry
2.How Classroom Artistic
Structure Motivates Learning

Deals with human culture such as

philosophy, religion, literature, 1 Values Education in the Public
Research in
linguistics and history Schools: Practices and
Humanities
Challenges
It includes ancient and modern
languages, human geography, 2. Children In-Conflict with the
laws, politics and other social Law: A Resolution and
sciences. Intervention

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 Intended for athletes to endure 1. Student Involvement in
Sports their health and wellness goals Athletics and their Academic
Research through proven high quality Performance
products.
2.Sports and Fitness Support on
It helps the coaches and athletes Students in Public Schools
to access information and apply it
to develop programs and
techniques in sports.

Science Discover laws, postulates theories 1.Utilization of Garbage and other

that can explain natural or social Waste Resources as
Research
phenomena. Cleaning Materials

Applies systematic and 2.Making of COVID -19 Cure out of Heat

constructed scientific method to Transfer
obtain, analyze and interpret data.

A strong and testable hypothesis

is the fundamental part of the
scientific research.

Provides mathematics mastery 1.Student Difficulties in General

topics and helps develops Mathematics: Remediation and
confidence and interest to solve Interventions
Mathematics more mathematical problems.
Research

It may also assist to find new

methods to simplify 2.A Systemic Approach to Changing
calculations. Classroom Practices for Enhancing
Mathematics Outcomes

Agriculture Improves productivity and quality 1.Green Space in School: Social and
of crops irrigation, storage Environment Perspective
Research
methods, effective farm
management and marketing of 2. Is Urban Gardening as a Source of
agricultural resources. Well-Being?

Agriculture is the backbone of the

economic system providing food,
raw material and employment
opportunities.

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 Increase the productivity and 1.Finding a Future: Sustaining
Fisheries
management of fishery resources Inland Fishery
research to provide food: protect and
maintain different bodies of water
for sustainable supply of aquatic 2.Fishing for Change: Fishery
resources. Policy in the Philippines

Information and Aim to adapt current technology 1.The Role of ICT in the New
Normal Education
Communication advancement which enhances
development of resources.
Technology 2.Exploring the Interactive
(ICT) Computer Simulation in Public
Research Schools

Business Acquire information in business to 1.Developing a Framework for

maximize the sales and profit. It Small Scale Business
Research
aids business companies
regulates which product or service 2.Business Practices and Strategies of
is most profitable or in demand. Small Enterprises at Limketkai Mall

Social Science Finds solutions for human 1.The Impact of COVID-19

Research behavior gathering information Pandemic on Employment
about people and societies. Opportunities

2. Implementation of Enhanced
Community Quarantined in Low Risk
Area of Misamis.Oriental.

(Source: Abdullah, S.N. (2018), Practical Research 1-Qualitative.ppt)

Activity 1: Question and Answer

Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on the space provided.

1. What are those kinds of research across fields?

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2. How do samples of research in different areas of interest help you in writing the research proposal?

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Activity 2
Direction: Compare and Contrast using VENN DIAGRAM. Write in a separate sheet of paper.

Choose two researches from the different areas of interest like those in the field of arts,
humanities, sports, science, mathematics, business, agriculture, fisheries, ICT and social science. Be
able to differentiate your chosen topics. Highlight their similarities and differences.

Activity 3
Direction: Identify the specific area of interest for each given topic by writing the letter of each
type in the correct column. Likewise, below the letter representing your answer, write the importance
of such research in your daily life.

Arts-Based Humanities Science ICT Business

A. Digital Age
B. Child in Conflict with the Law
C. Classroom Environment
D. Herbal Medicines
E. Financial Management

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 Additional Activities
Think of your own topic for research title which you would like to work on. Keep in mind what you
have learned from this lesson to justify the specific research type for each chosen topic. Write your
“top two” most interesting topics below. 5 points each.
1) ___________________________________________________________________
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2) ___________________________________________________________________
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Assessment
Modified Identification

Direction: For the following research titles, identify from which field it belongs to by choosing your
answers from the box below. Write only the letter as your answer on the space provided below each
number.

A. Science Research
B. Fisheries research
C. Information & Communication Technology Research
D. Arts Based Research
E. Business Research
F. Humanities Research
G. Agriculture Research
H. Sports Research
I. Mathematics Research
J. Social Science Research

_______1. Effect of Classroom Environment through Classroom Structuring

_______2. Effect of Green Leaves as Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth of Selected
Vegetables
_______3.Parenting Needs, Goals and Strategies for Single Parents
_______4.Scouring: Habitat Destruction of Coral Reefs and other Marine Animals
_______5.The Role of Computers in Digital Health Indicators
_______6. Financial Attitude and Practices of Teachers
_______7. Psychosocial Stress Management of Senior High School Students
_______8. Students’ Misconceptions in Calculus
_______9. Making Bricks Out of Paper Strips
_______10.The Influence of Sports Activities on Learners Efficiency in Academics

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