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Transducer Assignment

This document discusses different types of active transducers: 1. Thermoelectric transducers convert thermal input into electrical output by using the thermocouple effect. They are commonly used for temperature measurement. 2. Electromagnetic transducers induce voltage in a coil through changes in magnetic flux, without needing an external power source. They have applications in defect detection. 3. Chemical transducers convert chemical energy into electrical signals via chemical reactions at semiconductor surfaces. They are used in medical devices, automotive systems, and home detection. 4. Photovoltaic transducers directly convert light energy into electrical current using the photovoltaic effect in semiconductors like silicon

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186 views5 pages

Transducer Assignment

This document discusses different types of active transducers: 1. Thermoelectric transducers convert thermal input into electrical output by using the thermocouple effect. They are commonly used for temperature measurement. 2. Electromagnetic transducers induce voltage in a coil through changes in magnetic flux, without needing an external power source. They have applications in defect detection. 3. Chemical transducers convert chemical energy into electrical signals via chemical reactions at semiconductor surfaces. They are used in medical devices, automotive systems, and home detection. 4. Photovoltaic transducers directly convert light energy into electrical current using the photovoltaic effect in semiconductors like silicon

Uploaded by

dagem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Addis ababa science and technology

university
College of electrical and mechanical engineering
Department of mechanical engineering
Instrumentation and measurement
Assignment 1

Name:

BIruk fasil

ID No:

ETS0294/10

Section:
A

Submitted to Mr demise
Submission date19/03/2020
Transducer
Transducer is a device that used to transfer one form of energy in to another form. Transducers
change measurand(physical quantity) in to suitable electrical signal.

Transducers have two most important parts, those are:- 1. sensing element or sensor and
2. Transduction element
1. Sensing element or sensor :- it is the main part of transducers that used to collect information
from the physical environment and make the information suitable input for the transduction element.

2. Transduction element:- these are devices that used to convert the sensor out put in to suitable
electrical signal that is ready to be desplayed through:- osciloscope or on computer screen.
Transducers have to types of chatacterstics those are :-
 Static characteristics :- are those characteristics that do not change with time or they show very
small change. Example :- accuracy, precision, static sensitivity, drift etc..
 Dynamic characteristcs :- are those characteristics that show very rapid change with time.
Example :- zero order, first order etc…
Transducers are classified as follows

 Active and passive transducers


 Analoge and digital transducers
 Primary and secondary transducers
 On the basis of transduction principle
 Transducers and inverse transducers
In this paper we try to see active transducers with example and their application..
Active transducers:- are transducers that do not need external power source to operate. They are
also called self generating. They give an out put which is an electrical signal.

1
1. Thermoelectric transducers are those that transform thermal input in to usefull and suitable
electrical output or thermoelectric transducer elements transform change of the measured value(T°)
to change the current.

The working principle relay on the thermocouple thermoelectric effect, which consists in that in the
closed circuits composed of two dissimilar conductors occurs thermo emf(voltage),which is a function
of the temprature, is generated at the junction between the metals. The self generating
thermocouple remains the most generally used sensor for thermometry because of its versatility,
simplicity, and ease of use. Any pair of electrically conducting and thermoelectrically dissimilar
material coupled at an interface Is a thermocouple.

Application
 They can be used to generate electricity
 Measure temprature difference or change in the temprature of objects. etc
2. Electromagnetic transducers:- it is a type of an active transducer which is a self generating
transducer that do not need external power source in order to operate. In electromagnetic transducer
the measurand is converted to voltage induced in conductor by change in the magnetic flux, in the
absense of excitation . the flux change occur due to the motion between piece of magnet and
electromagnet.

2
Electromagnetic transducers contains of a coil is wound direct on a permanent core. When a plate of
iron or ferromagnetic material is moved with respect to the magnet, the flux field expands or collapse
and a voltage is induced In the coil.
Application
Electromagnetic transducers have a wide range of application and has potential to be used in many
other application. Some of them are listed as follows:-
 Plate lamination defect inspection
 Flaw detection in steel products
 Bounded structure lamination detection
 Thickness measurement for various application
3. Chemical transducer:- is a device that used to convert chemical energy into another form of
energy (usually electrical) which is measurable signal by means of chemical process.

The working principle is that the electrical conductivity of semiconductors is sensitive to the gaseous
ambient. The semiconductor transducer is based on a reaction between the semiconductor and the
gases in the atmosphere, which produces a change in the semiconductor conductance. As the process
responsible for the change in conductance takes takes place at the boundary between the gaseous
and the solid states, specil attention is needed to the surface quality of the oxide.
Application
Chemical transducers have many applications such as :-
 Medical
 Automotive
 Nanotechnology and
 Home detection system
4. Photovoltaic transducers:- generally this transducer convert the light energy into electrical energy
as it is one of photo electric transducer but its is an active transducer that makes it different from the
other types of photoelectric conductors.

3
The working principle is that the current starts flowing into the photovoltaic cell when the load is
connected to it. The silicon and selenium are used as a semiconductor material absorbs heat, the free
electrons of the material starts moving. This phenomenon is called photovoltaic effect.

The movements of electrons develop the current in the cell, and the current is known as the
photoelectric current.
Application
The application of these transducers mainly include the following:-
 These transducers are used in biomedical application
 Pickups of pulse
 Pneumograph respiration
 Records of body movements etc…

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