İNGİLİZCE (SOSYAL BİLİMLER)

2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A

A
4. China’s estimated space budget is still
1 - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan over-shadowed by NASA’s, ------- is 19,3
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi billion dollars for this year alone.
bulunuz.
A) who
B) what
C) which
D) where
E) when

1. ------- its geographic position as a crossroads

of Europe, Belgium has been a significant
commercial center since the Middle Ages.

A) Unlike
B) Because of
C) In spite of 5. Many individuals think creative people are
more self-sufficient; -------, there is no
D) Rather than scientific study to support this idea.
E) As if
A) for instance
B) consequently
C) likewise
D) however
E) in other words

2. Most artists need a good, well-paying second

job ------- they are selling a large number of
their works of art.

A) provided 6. ------- the 1830s a major cholera epidemic

sweeping through Europe from the Middle
B) because East killed about 31,000 ------- Britain alone.
C) therefore
D) unless A) During / across
E) similarly B) Under / in
C) By / for
D) At / at
E) In / under

3. Diversity of experience has created a

separate Islamic world, ------- four 7. ------- advertising’s historic origins ------- its
geographically and culturally distinct blocks: modern operations have been well
Middle Eastern, Indian, Malay, and African. understood by many traditional businesses.

A) taken off A) Much / more

B) broken in B) Neither / nor
C) turned down C) Not / only
D) woken up D) Either / and
E) divided into E) As / as

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
8. Modern underwater archaeology ------- special 12. Knowledge of a language ------- us to combine
methods to ------- shipwrecks and other sounds to form words, words to form
archaeological sites that lie under water. phrases, and phrases to form sentences.

A) has used / studied A) enables

B) is using / having studied B) prefers
C) used / being studied C) refuses
D) will use / have studied D) chooses
E) uses / study E) includes

9. The principal ------- of the philosophy of 13. Recent research suggests that air pollution
science is to analyse the methods of enquiry ------- to 1,2 million deaths and caused
used in various sciences. thousands of severe health cases only in
China in 2010.
A) complaint
A) was contributed
B) society
B) contributes
C) task
C) has contributed
D) memory
D) had been contributed
E) rescue
E) contributed

10. Coffee houses ------- appeared in İstanbul with 14. Local governments should provide an
coffee entering through the cities of Aleppo effective safety net for the poor and for those
and Damascus in 1555. who become sick or ------- at work.
A) globally A) crowded
B) originally B) decisive
C) honestly C) injured
D) monthly D) basic
E) correctly E) wide

11. There is a vital and clear distinction between 15. Joyoti Roy, the consultant for the British
the concepts of 'society' and 'state' ------- National Museum, has worked ------- a team of
many political thinkers have ignored this experts in order to make the museum and its
fact. collection more accessible.

A) because A) unlike
B) as soon as B) such as
C) as long as C) in contrast to
D) although D) along with
E) when E) in terms of

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
16. Babylon ------- one of the cultural centres of 19. Among the measurements to calculate
the world before it ------- by revolt in 689 BC inflation, the consumer price index is by far
by the Assyrians. ------- commonly used measurement in the
world.
A) will be / is destroyed
B) had been / was destroyed A) as much as
C) was / will be destroyed B) such a lot
D) has been / has been destroyed C) so much
E) is / had been destroyed D) many more
E) the most

17. ------- the World Bank has been funded by the

United States, its policies have been heavily
influenced by Washington, the capital city of
the USA.

A) As
B) Although
C) Whereas
D) By the time
E) Unless

18. Military geography ------- military leaders with 20. ------- its split from Slovakia in 1993, Czechia
information about areas where they ------- to has become one of Europe’s most popular
operate. travel destinations.

A) had provided / will need A) Over

B) is providing / had needed B) Since
C) will provide / used to need C) During
D) provides / may need D) Before
E) will be providing / needed E) Until

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
23.
21 - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen A) explain
sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. B) decline
C) expect
D) compare
A common nationality ---21--- to create trusting E) trust
feelings by forming a common identity that draws
on a shared culture, history, and language.
These commonalities supposedly create a/an
---22--- between people that reaches beyond
their many differences of opinion and interests
and enables them to cooperate with each other.
First, people find it easier to engage with and
---23--- people whom they regard as similar in
certain pertinent ways. Second, cooperative
activities, ---24--- democracy and welfare, involve
more than the humanitarian obligations we owe
to people in general. Not only are such
obligations difficult to create and sustain ---25---
all human beings, but also people of differing
cultures will want to shape them in different
ways.

24.
A) such as
B) so that
21. C) unlike
A) says D) due to
B) has said E) as if
C) is said
D) had said
E) said

22. 25.
A) bond A) off
B) owner B) below
C) lecture C) under
D) queue D) among
E) row E) into

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
28.
26 - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen A) on
sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. B) of
C) to
D) from
Historians of Africa ---26--- significant problems E) at
for a long time now. It is important to stress that
many such problems are shared with historians
---27--- work in other parts of the world. The lives
---28--- ordinary working people, women or
children, for example, can be difficult and often
impossible to capture and interpret. However,
Africa has its own challenges. ---29--- addressing
these challenges, historians have developed a
range of methods which have not only increased
the sophistication of African historical studies,
but have also added to the research techniques
and the analytical style of the ---30--- of history.

29.
26.
A) Though
A) were faced
B) If
B) have faced
C) Until
C) were facing
D) Unless
D) had faced
E) While
E) will face

27. 30.
A) what A) increase
B) in which B) report
C) who C) break
D) which D) field
E) whose E) change

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
34. -------; for example, a person must have it to
31 - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun practise medicine and law.
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) Modern civil law systems were originally
developed in Western European countries
B) Licenses may not be assigned to or
inherited by a third party in the law
C) The term 'license' is always applied in
31. Despite having vast fertile lands, -------. property law, international law and tax law
A) Cuba imports 80 percent of its food at a cost D) Consumption taxes raise the prices of
of $2 billion per year certain products for consumers
B) farmers all agree that their country has great E) A license issued by a government agency is
economic potential required for certain professions
C) much of the island’s landscape is worth
visiting
D) China has put a ban on using child labour in
factories
E) it is known that almost 70 percent of the
lands of Brazil are fertile

35. The price for an American car is affected not

only by American companies, -------.

A) thanks to foreign policies that have an

32. In societies where most people can earn a impact on agriculture
living only by working for others, -------.
B) due to the low price we pay for other local
A) air pollution is also recognized as an products
environmental problem in Europe C) but also by Japanese and European auto
B) being unable to find a job is a serious manufacturers
problem D) in order to reduce competition for car
C) of the 6,000 people hoping to get jobs, 135 manufacturing companies
were hired E) so Asian companies are in competition with
D) statistics for local areas are based partly on foreign companies
the same survey
E) export is becoming the major national
income resource

33. Although cultural diversity is supposedly 36. Although the major part of Aristotle’s works
valued in many societies, -------. is lost, -------.

A) it has been getting more and more popular A) their notes are mostly for the use of public
since then officials
B) the country’s political offices are run B) they are composed of essays and
efficiently enough manuscripts
C) many people still do not approve of C) most of his writings were never intended to
interracial marriages be read
D) equal opportunities for all people are really D) we may still form some idea of his
valued philosophical views
E) there are much better job opportunities than E) he was not as popular as most of his
before contemporaries

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
37. While humans have described the nature of 40. When the novel The Grapes of Wrath was
social relations for centuries, -------. published on March 14, 1939, -------.

A) a new network of social relations is part and A) it created an unexpected sensation across
parcel of industrialization the world
B) it was only in the 19th century that this B) it can be read as a social comment on the
became a scientific field of study economic disasters of the time
C) the social relations involved exploitation, C) the other masterpiece 'Of Mice and Men' is
alienation, and domination set in California
D) different definitions of civil society reflect D) these chapters depict the atmosphere
different theoretical orientations during the Great Depression
E) sociology is mainly concerned with social E) John Steinbeck was born in 1902, in
relations Salinas, California

38. Before paper and coins were introduced as

permanent forms of money, -------.

A) paper was later invented in China, which

transformed the whole world irreversibly
B) money is widely accepted in payment for
goods and services and in settlement of
debts
C) coins have been around for more than five
thousand years as a medium of exchange
D) people used a variety of things like rice to
serve as money for trading goods
E) the value of the material used is usually
much less than its value as money itself

39. -------, but the country has experienced

considerable growth in industry since the
1950s. 41. Life is boring without fresh experience, -------.
A) Large cities first appeared in Anatolia during A) but they also need new experiences to
the reign of the Hittites enrich it
B) Today, 75 percent of Turkey’s population B) so without such shocks to the system, they
lives in cities and towns would become boring
C) Manufactured goods, especially textiles, C) because new experience brings new
now dominate the export sector information and forces us to learn
D) Turkey has served as a bridge between Asia D) that’s why most people avoid trying new
and Europe throughout history things
E) For centuries Turkey’s economy was E) even though what we call 'life' moves as
predominantly agricultural slowly as a snail

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
44. By 2050, Nigeria is expected to become the
42 - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce third most populous country in the world,
cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi overtaking the United States of America.
bulunuz.
A) 2050 yılına kadar Nijerya’nın, Amerika
Birleşik Devletleri’ni geçip, dünyadaki
üçüncü en yoğun nüfuslu ülke olması
bekleniyor.
B) 2050 yılından önce Nijerya’nın, Amerika
Birleşik Devletleri’ni geçerek, en yoğun
nüfuslu ülkelerinden biri olması bekleniyor.
C) 2050 yılında, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri
42. If the experiments do not support the Nijerya’yı geçip, dünyadaki en yoğun
scientific explanation, then alternative nüfuslu üç ülkeden biri olacak.
explanations must be proposed and tested. D) 2050 yılına kadar Nijerya, nüfus yoğunluğu
bakımından çoktan Amerika Birleşik
A) Bilimsel veriler ileri sürülen açıklamayı
Devletleri’ni geçip, üçüncü sıraya
desteklemezse, bu açıklama bilimsel olarak
yerleşebilir.
geçersiz sayılabilir.
B) Deneyler önerilen açıklamayla uyuşmazsa, E) 2050 yılında, Nijerya’nın Amerika Birleşik
Devletleri’nden sonra dünyadaki üçüncü
o zaman söz konusu açıklama tekrar
yoğun nüfuslu ülke olacağı tahmin ediliyor.
gözden geçirilebilir.
C) İleri sürülen açıklamalar farklı deneylerle
desteklenmediği zaman, alternatif bilimsel
çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.
D) Bilimsel deneyler açıklamayı
desteklemezse, alternatif deneyler yapılmalı
ve açıklama gözden geçirilmelidir.
E) Deneyler bilimsel açıklamayı
desteklemezse, o zaman alternatif
açıklamalar önerilmeli ve test edilmelidir.

43. Knowing a language means being able to

produce sentences never spoken before and
to understand sentences never heard before.
45. The type of music we prefer to listen to can
A) Bir dili bilmek, daha önce hiç söylenmemiş have a significant effect on our emotions and
cümleleri kurabilmek ve daha önce hiç behaviour.
duyulmamış cümleleri anlayabilmek
anlamına gelir. A) Dinlemekten hoşlandığımız müzik türünün
B) İnsan bir dili tam anlamıyla biliyorsa, bu duygularımızı ve davranışlarımızı
onun o dilde cümle kurabildiği ve daha önce şekillendirdiği düşünülüyor.
hiç duymadığı cümleleri anladığı anlamına B) Hangi tür müzik türünü dinlemeyi tercih
gelir. edersek edelim, duygu ve davranışlarımız
C) Hiç duymadığınız cümleleri üretiyor ve yeni bundan belli bir ölçüde etkilenir.
duyduğunuz cümleleri anlıyorsanız, bu sizin C) Duygularımız ve davranışımız dinlemeyi
o dili oldukça iyi bildiğinizi gösterir. tercih ettiğimiz müzik türlerinden tahmin
D) Bir dili bilmek için, daha önce söylenmemiş ettiğimizden fazla etkileniyor olabilir.
cümleleri hatasız bir şekilde kurmak ve yeni D) Duygularımız ve çoğu davranışımız,
duyduğu cümleleri iyi anlamak gerekir. dinlemeyi tercih ettiğimiz müzik türünden
E) İnsanın bir dili bilip bilmediğini anlamak için, önemli ölçüde etkilenmektedir.
daha önce söylenmemiş cümleleri kurma ve E) Dinlemeyi tercih ettiğimiz müzik türü,
ilk kez duyduğu cümleleri anlama becerisine duygularımız ve davranışımız üzerinde
bakılmalıdır. önemli bir etkiye sahip olabilir.

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
46. Dogs are highly social animals and certainly
sense the situations in which we are 48 - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye
unhappy or in pain. anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi
bulunuz.
A) Köpekler oldukça sosyal hayvanlardır ve
kendilerini mutsuz eden veya acı çektiren
insanları kesinlikle hissederler.
B) Köpekler oldukça sosyal hayvanlardır ve
mutsuz veya acı içinde olduğumuz durumları
kesinlikle hissederler.
C) Son derece sosyal hayvanlar olan köpekler
mutsuz olduğumuz ve acı çektiğimiz çoğu
durumu hissedebilirler. 48. Pers kralları tarafından gerçekleştirilen en
önemli mimari projeler özenle planlanan ve
D) Köpekler sosyal hayvanlardır ve acı
inşa edilen saraylardı.
çektiklerinde ya da mutsuz olduklarında,
bizim ne hissettiğimizi daha iyi anlayabilirler. A) The Persian kings considered palaces the
E) Çok mutsuz olduğumuz veya çok acı most important architectural projects and
çektiğimiz durumların çoğunu hissedebilen they carefully planned and constructed them
köpekler sosyal hayvanlardır. themselves.
B) The Persian king attached great importance
to the planning and construction of palaces
as architectural projects.
C) The most important architectural projects
realised by the Persian kings were palaces
which were carefully planned and
constructed.
D) Since they were considered to be the most
important architectural projects, Persian
kings carefully planned their palaces.
E) As one of the most important architectural
projects realised by the Persian kings, all
palaces were carefully planned and
constructed.

49. Ekonomi, işsizlik, enflasyon, kalkınma ve

uluslararası para krizleri gibi geleneksel
meselelerle ilgilenir.
47. The sign languages are the best evidence to
support the notion that all languages are A) Economics deals with traditional issues such
shaped by the same universal values. as unemployment, inflation, development
and international monetary crises.
A) Her dilin evrensel değerler tarafından B) Economics is not only related to traditional
şekillendirildiği tezinin en büyük issues but also employment, inflation,
kanıtlarından biri işaret dili olabilir. development, and international monetary
B) Tüm dillerin benzer evrensel değerlerden crises.
etkilendiğini gösteren unsurlar arasında C) Common problems including unemployment,
işaret dili de bulunur. inflation, development, and international
C) İşaret dilleri, tüm dillerin aynı evrensel monetary crises are the subjects of
değerler tarafından şekillendirildiği Economics.
düşüncesini destekleyen en iyi kanıttır. D) Economic studies include certain traditional
D) Bazı dilbilimcilerine göre, dünya dilleri problems like unemployment, inflation and
evrensel değerlerle şekillenir; bunun önemli international monetary crises.
kanıtı da işaret dilidir. E) Traditional problems as well as
E) İşaret dili, tüm dillerin benzer değerlere unemployment, development and
sahip olduğu düşüncesini destekleyen en international monetary crises are issues
önemli verilerden biridir. related to economics.

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
50. Göç birçok ülkenin değişen nüfuslarında 52. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonunda inşa edilen
önemli bir rol oynayan demografik bir Pera Palas, Agatha Christie gibi birçok ünlü
süreçtir. konuğa ev sahipliği yapmıştır.

A) Migration is a demographic process that A) Many famous guests like Agatha Christie
plays an important role in the changing wanted to stay at Pera Palace, which was
populations of many countries. built at the end of the nineteenth century.
B) Migration, which is a demographic process, B) Pera Palace, which was built at the end of
plays an important role by changing the the nineteenth century, has hosted a famous
population of every country. writer called Agatha Christie.
C) Changes in the populations of certain C) Pera Palace, which was built at the end of
countries are caused by migration, which is the nineteenth century, has hosted many
a common demographic process. famous guests like Agatha Christie.
D) The most important role of migration as a D) Pera Palace, which was built in the
demographic process is that it changes nineteenth century, has hosted many
almost all countries’ populations. famous writers such as Agatha Christie.
E) Migration is one of the most important E) Built before the end of the nineteenth
demographic processes as it changes many century, Pera Palace was visited by many
countries’ populations. guests like Agatha Christie.

51. İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Türkiye’nin en büyük

denizcilik müzesidir ve zengin koleksiyonları
bakımından dünyanın en önemlilerinden
biridir.

A) The rich collections of the Istanbul Naval

Museum have made it Turkey’s largest
museum and one of the most important
museums in the world.
B) The Istanbul Naval Museum is one of the 53. Haritalar, çeşitli kültürlerin çevrelerindeki
most important museums in the world due to dünyayı nasıl betimlediklerinin mükemmel
its size and its rich maritime collections. örnekleridir.
C) The Istanbul Naval Museum in Turkey has
A) Various cultures use excellent maps in order
become the largest maritime museum in the
to describe the world around them.
world owing to its rich collections and unique
location. B) Maps are examples of cultures, illustrating
how they describe the world around them.
D) The Istanbul Naval Museum is Turkey’s
largest maritime museum and is one of the C) Various cultures have been using maps to
most important in the world in terms of its show the ways they describe their own
rich collections. world.
E) The Istanbul Naval Museum is one of the D) Maps are examples of how various ancient
most significant maritime museums in the cultures imagined the world around them.
world and the most important one in Turkey E) Maps are excellent examples of how various
due to its rich collections. cultures describe the world around them.

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
55. In April 1601 the English East India Company
54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlam sent its first expedition to the East. -------. The
bütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılan success of this journey led to a second
yerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. expedition by the same ships, which left
London in March 1604. On the return, Hector
and Susan set off first, but Susan was lost at
sea and Hector was rescued by Ascension
and Dragon, which found her in South Africa
with most of her crew dead. Ascension,
Dragon, and Hector made it back to England
in May 1606 with a cargo of pepper, cloves,
and nutmegs. The shareholders in these two
voyages made a profit of 95% on their
investment.

A) Despite the success of the third expedition

in 1607, the fourth one was a complete
disaster
B) A train run by steam power changed the
history of transportation forever
C) Rich London businessmen provided a lot of
money for these farmers
D) Its four ships returned from Sumatra and
Java with a cargo composed mainly of
pepper
E) The cost of building such a ship and
maintaining it is quite high these days

54. The purpose of a research paper is to

synthesize previous research and
scholarship with your ideas on the subject.
Therefore, you should feel free to use other 56. The term 'allegory' derives from Greek
people’s words, facts, and thoughts in your allegoria, which can be defined as 'speaking
research paper, but the material you borrow otherwise'. As a rule, an allegory is a story in
must not be presented as if it were your own verse or prose with a double meaning: a
creation. Otherwise, you end up committing primary and a secondary meaning. -------. The
plagiarism, presenting somebody else’s origins of allegory are ancient, and it
ideas as your own. -------. These notes should appears to be a mode of expression so
always distinguish among three types of natural to the human mind that it is universal.
material: your ideas, your summaries, and For example, many myths are allegorical
your paraphrases of others’ ideas and facts. stories that explain universal facts and
forces.
A) To avoid this during research and writing,
keep careful notes about your sources A) However, we can take the old Arab fable of
B) Presenting an author’s exact wording the frog and the scorpion
without marking it as a quotation is known B) The best known allegory in the English
as plagiarism language is Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress
C) When you copy and paste passages, make C) In other words, an allegory is a story that
sure that you add quotation marks can be read and interpreted at two levels
D) Unfortunately, some students continue to D) It is difficult to classify such styles correctly
take this approach in high school as there are too many subcategories
E) For this reason, the best way of supporting E) The whole work is a simplified
your argument is to use quotations representation of the average man’s journey

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
57. Talking in our heads is referred to by 59. -------. Unfortunately, it was not performed
psychologists as inner 'speech'. -------. elsewhere during Mozart’s lifetime. That is
However, there are notable differences too, probably why devotees today of Mozart’s
with brain areas useful in inhibiting overt Idomeneo assume that it was totally forgotten
speech playing a greater role in inner between 1791, when Mozart died, and 1951,
speech. The exact brain mechanisms when Fritz Busch and Carl Ebert brought it to
involved may come down to why we are Glyndebourne. However, a glance at Alfred
talking in our heads in the first place. For Loewenberg’s Annuals of Opera will show
example, when we read a book, brain regions you how many times it was produced
involved in attention may be more active than between those years. Gramophone records
when we are mentally preparing for a race. also testify that Idomeneo was known about
and sung during the first half of the twentieth
A) The Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas are century.
active in overt speech
B) It involves some similar processes to overt A) Most remarkable of all, Mozart wrote graces
speech as it activates the brain regions into the vocal parts in his thirties
involved in language B) For practical reasons he made other cuts
C) For psychologists the resemblance between shortly before the first performance
these two always requires the same brain C) Mozart did conduct a concert performance in
mechanisms Vienna in March 1786
D) Talking in our heads may even be D) Mozart faced difficulties with all three
accompanied by small muscle movements singers, during rehearsals
E) Inner speech is thought to be healthy as the E) Mozart’s Idomeneo was first performed in
individual may get rid of the stress of the Munich in 1781
day in this way

58. The Asian Development Bank (ADB), a

nongovernmental organization based in
Manila, in the Philippines, was founded to
provide aid, funding, and various forms of
financial and technical support to countries
in Asia and the Pacific. The organization also
attempts to assist in the improvement of
conditions that affect women and children.
The ADB started operations in 1966 and
initially represented a group of 31 states. As
of 2006, it had grown to have 66 members.
-------.

A) This help can take several forms and affect

regional, subregional, and local projects
B) This is a major mistake despite the depths
of poverty encountered in the country
C) These financial programs can involve both
public and private investments
D) This included 47 states from inside the zone
and 19 from elsewhere
E) Most of these people in the region live on
less than $2,00 per day

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
62. (I) The category of photographic 'art' is
60 - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla loaded with problems because there are at
okunduğunda parçanın anlam least two, and possibly three, traditions out
bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz. of which this artistic endeavor has been put
together. (II) In the last 25 years artists have
become increasingly aware of the histories
of fine arts. (III) Firstly, there is 'art
photography', stemming from the 1860s,
which involves photographers making
pictures that claim the status of art. (IV)
60. (I) Your goal in summarizing a text is to state Secondly, there is abstract photography, in
the work’s main ideas and key points simply, which it is hard to unfold the story behind at
briefly, and accurately in your own words. (II) the first glance. (V) Thirdly, 'street
To summarize a written text, first find the photography' or 'auteur documentary' is
author’s central idea – the thesis. (III) A often grouped within art-photography.
scientific paper should include an
introduction and body paragraphs. (IV) Then, A) I
divide this whole idea into a few major and B) II
perhaps minor ones. (V) Since a summary C) III
must be fairly short, you must decide which
D) IV
of these ideas are important and should be
included. E) V

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

61. (I) For many years, archaeologists have been

determinedly working to solve one of the
world’s largest jigsaw puzzles: the Forma
Urbis Romae. (II) It was an enormous marble
map of ancient Rome created between the
years AD 203 and 211. (III) From the fifth
century, as the map fell into disuse, it was
broken up into thousands of pieces, which
were subsequently scattered throughout the
city. (IV) The spectacular ruins that remain
today are interesting examples of traditional
Italian architecture. (V) Scholars have been
searching for the map’s fragments in
locations around Rome and attempting to
determine their original positions for the
past 500 years.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

13
2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
63. (I) Aesthetics, the philosophy of beauty, 65. (I) The First Gulf War was fought by a
comes from the Greek word aisthetikos, coalition of forces from 34 countries against
which means 'perceptive', especially with Iraq in 1991. (II) The war began because of
regards to feeling. (II) For example, there are several crises stemming from the Iran-Iraq
still differences in its implications, one of the War of 1980–88. (III) After the Iran-Iraq War
most significant being the status given to the ended, Iraq was left with huge debts, largely
body. (III) In philosophy, the word was first to other Arab nations that had helped to
used in 1750 by A. G. Baumgarten to mean finance the war. (IV) The Kuwaiti government
'the science of sensuous knowledge', whose made the disastrous decision to increase its
object is beauty. (IV) Kant rejected this use of oil production. (V) However, the Iraqi military
the word 'aesthetics', and redefined it as the had benefited from the war by becoming the
'a priori principles of sensible experience'. strongest military force in the Gulf region.
(V) Hegel, in turn, redefined it as the
philosophy of the fine arts and this definition A) I
is the one presently used. B) II
C) III
A) I
D) IV
B) II
E) V
C) III
D) IV
E) V

64. (I) All developed nations maintain a variety of

social welfare programs. (II) Governments
establish them to provide a so-called safety
net to prevent people from suffering the
effects of poverty. (III) However, many people
believe that welfare encourages its recipients
to become dependent on government support
and remain unemployed. (IV) As a result,
welfare programs have always caused heated
public debate. (V) Likewise, there are also
non-profit organizations to help people who
cannot support themselves fully or earn a
living.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
67. It can be inferred from the text that -------.
66 - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya
göre cevaplayınız. A) the Industrial Revolution had a major effect
on advertising methods
B) new advertising methods have become a
Advertising is the use of mass media to promote subject of controversy for many people
a specific product, service, or idea on behalf of a C) advertisements try to persuade people to
business or organization. Advertisers ordinarily buy many products that they do not really
use media such as television, radio, print need
sponsorship of cultural and sporting events, and D) women used to spend more on big ticket
the Internet. From the Industrial Revolution to the products than men
mid-twentieth century, advertising in Europe was
generally straightforward and usually included E) teenagers do not have as much influence on
only an image and description of the product’s advertisement sector as adults do
function, price, and the location from which it
could be purchased. Ads were primarily directed
toward women because they were responsible
for the majority of consumer purchases, the
exception being 'big ticket' products like cars and
major appliances. Since World War II, however,
industries have increasingly tried to attract the
adult male consumer, and with the advent of
youth culture, children, teenagers, and young
adults have been targeted as well. A common
strategy for advertisers is to create the idea that
the given products will correct a specific problem
or insecurity although most of them will not do
so.

66. It is stated in the text that advertising in

Europe -------. 68. It can be understood from the text that -------.
A) did not include too many details about the A) advertisers usually use the same media
product until the mid-twentieth century rather than a variety of media forms
B) used to be more interested in persuading B) the target group of advertisements has
the adult male consumer to buy changed over time
C) uses the Internet as a tool more often than C) the Internet is the most effective medium of
other forms of mass media advertising of all time
D) mainly aims at promoting the sales of D) purchasers buy products though they know
modern cars and major appliances the products make them insecure
E) is directed only towards women rather than E) since World War II, women have been the
men or young adults now only target audience of advertisers

15
2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
70. What is the passage mainly about?
69 - 71. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya
göre cevaplayınız. A) a well-known philosopher’s ideas about
human reasoning
B) the similarities between modern and ancient
The famous French philosopher and philosophers
mathematician René Descartes focused on C) the reasons why humans are superior to
rational thought. For Descartes, humans were animals
able to know through reason, in contrast to D) a comparison between rational thinking and
animals that have no language, reason or soul. sensation
In his writings, humans and animals are seen as
living machines, but humans are above animals E) different definitions and applications of
because of their powers of (self-) consciousness. various fields
According to Descartes, the essence of being a
human subject is this capacity for thinking.
Descartes attached importance to rational
thinking over bodily sensation in our
understanding of the material world, and he was
sure that his findings could be used for the
progress of humankind. However, Descartes has
been harshly criticised in recent times. Today,
many scholars do not agree with the idea of a
coherent, individual self, able to control the
material world. They claim that a person does not
really act on the world or shape society
consciously. In contrast, they say that social
'texts' such as politics, law, religion and
education shape individuals.

69. We understand from the text that -------. 71. According to the text, modern scholars
suggest that -------.
A) Descartes’s ideas have not always been
practical in politics A) Descartes was right in his claims about
B) Descartes believed that humans and human rationality
animals were equal in all aspects B) humans can control the material world
C) Descartes’s ideas are followed by most through rational thinking
scientists today C) individuals mostly act consciously and
D) for Descartes, bodily sensation is more coherently
important than the capacity for thinking D) people cannot consciously shape social life
E) modern scholars and Descartes have but are rather shaped by it
opposing beliefs about our capacity to E) Descartes’s ideas can help us understand
change the material world the human mind

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2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
74. According to the text, many postmodern
72 - 74. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya works of literature are -------.
göre cevaplayınız.
A) classified as 'pop culture' by ordinary people
B) said to defy the conventional models of
The term 'postmodernism' is often applied to the 'mass culture'
literature and art produced in the aftermath of C) not easily classified as postmodern literature
World War II. It was a time when the effects and art
World War I were greatly worsened by the
D) against being defined only as postmodernist
experience of Nazi totalitarianism, the threat of
art
total destruction by the atomic bomb, the
progressive devastation of nature, and the E) hard to classify according to conventional
obvious threat of over-population. literary norms
Postmodernism involves not only a continuation
of the counter-traditional experiments of
modernism, but also diverse attempts to break
away from modernist forms. Many works of
postmodern literature –by Jorge Luis Borges,
Samuel Beckett, Vladimir Nabokov, and many
others– include such various genres and styles
that they cannot be classified easily according to
traditional literary norms. This is also true for
other art forms such as pop art, and certain types
of music.

72. According to the text, postmodernism -------.

A) started as a reaction against Nazi
totalitarianism
B) is likely to lose popularity due to its complex
style
C) was born out of the pain and suffering
caused by World War II
D) is a term that is only applied to literature
E) was mainly interested in visual arts rather
than literature

73. According to the text, postmodernism can be

considered to be -------.

A) both a continuation of and a break from

modernism and its forms
B) a harsh criticism towards both pop art and
musical composition
C) a blind continuation of modernism and its
literary forms
D) a form of experimentation observed in
contemporary cinema
E) an attack against literature and art as well
as modernism itself

17
2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
76. According to the text, -------.
75 - 77. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya
göre cevaplayınız. A) the primary goal of for-profit businesses is to
earn more money than they spend
B) the number of non-profit businesses is
Most businesses seek to make a profit—that is, higher than that of for-profit businesses
they aim to get income that is more than the C) non-profit organizations are often run by
costs of operating the business. However, some governments
businesses only seek to earn enough to cover D) businesses should not play a significant role
their operating costs. Commonly called in defining prices in free-market economies
non-profits, these organizations are primarily
nongovernmental service providers. Examples of E) non-profit businesses do not make any
non-profit businesses include organizations such money even for their operating costs
as social service agencies, foundations and
many hospitals. However, many people argue
that businesses seeking profit also play a vital
role in the life and culture of countries with
free-market economies. In free-market systems,
expenses and prices are primarily shaped by
competition among businesses, not by
governments. Businesses provide almost
anything consumers want or need, including
basic necessities such as food and housing,
luxuries such as wide-screen televisions, and
even personal services such as caring for
children and finding companionship. As a result,
both for-profit businesses and non-profits are of
great importance within the society they exist in.

75. It is clear from the text that in free-market

economies, -------.
77. The text is mainly about -------.
A) non-profit businesses are more important
than for-profit ones A) advantages of non-profit businesses over
B) social service agencies do not cooperate for-profit ones
with for-profit businesses B) how businesses have changed over time
C) the cultural life of the population is C) the different roles of for-profit and non-profit
negatively affected by business businesses
D) the operating costs of businesses are paid D) different products that businesses offer for
by local government customers
E) the majority of public needs are provided by E) examples of for-profit businesses and their
businesses products

18
2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A
A
79. The animals that were used to carry
78 - 80. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya caravanners’ goods -------.
göre cevaplayınız.
A) were generally borrowed or hired from the
local political authorities
Throughout much of human history, merchants B) could not endure the hardships of the long
who moved goods across long distances journeys through deserts and mountains
minimized their risks of loss to plunderers by C) were not easy to find, particularly when the
acting together, travelling in caravans and route was through a desert
carrying arms for protection. These caravanners
D) were selected according to the geographical
who passed from the region of one political
features of the route
authority to another depended on local
authorities to secure their protection, and in E) were relatively faster compared to other
return they paid transit fees, generally in the form forms of transportation
of gifts. While passing through stateless areas,
armed caravans seemed to be as impressive as
a small army. The cost of transporting goods by
land was generally higher than by sea or river,
and thus the number of caravans was high only
in regions where these alternatives did not exist.
Across dry deserts such as the Gobi, the camel
was the only pack animal that could survive the
rigors of the crossing. In the intense cold of the
Himalayan Mountains, the yak was the perfect
pack animal for carrying goods. In addition to
their economic benefits, the caravan routes
played an important role in world history,
connecting people from different races and
cultures.

78. It is clear from the text that caravanners 80. We can understand from the text that -------.
-------.
A) the busiest and most profitable caravan
A) were quite individualistic and often looked routes were found in the Middle East
for self-interest B) caravan routes were beneficial to
B) were armed and worked cooperatively to communities both economically and
protect their goods from plunderers culturally
C) travelled in small numbers in order to C) caravans were economically more
minimize the risk of quarrels in the group advantageous than other forms of transport
D) carried arms to steal from the inhabitants of D) caravanners had to pay ransom to each and
the towns they were travelling through every country they were travelling through
E) had to fight some of the local authorities in E) rivalries between different caravanners
order to carry on their journey caused long and painful disputes

19
2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A

A Grubu Cevap Anahtarı

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B D E C D A B E C B D A E C D B A D E B

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C A E A D B C B E D A B C E C D B D E A

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C E A A E B C C A A D C E A D C B D E C

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D B B E D A C B E A D C A E E A C B D B

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