POLYNOMIALS and GEOMETRY

Module 3 Unit 1

Consuelita Bernardo
In studying this module, you will examine these questions when you take the following lessons:

Lesson No. Title You’ll learn to. . . Estimated Day

adds and subtracts polynomials.
Lesson 1 Polynomials derives the laws of exponent.
multiplies and divides polynomials.
uses models and algebraic methods to find the: 20
a. product of two binomials
b. product of the sum and difference of two terms
c. square of a binomial
d. cube of a binomial
e. product of a binomial and a trinomial.
solves problems involving algebraic expressions.
differentiates algebraic expressions, equations and
inequalities
illustrates linear equation and inequality in one
variable
finds the solution of linear equation or inequality in
one variable
solves linear equation or inequality in one variable
involving absolute value by:
a. graphing
b. algebraic methods
solves problems involving equations and inequalities
in one variable

represents point, line and plane using concrete and

Geometry pictorial models.
illustrate subsets of a line
classifies the different kinds of angles
drives relationships of geometric figures using
measurements and by inductive reasoning;
supplementary angles, complementary angles,
congruent angles, vertical angles, adjacent angles,
linear pairs, perpendicular lines, and parallel lines
derives relationships among angles formed by
parallel lines cut by a transversal using
measurement and by inductive reasoning
uses a compass and straightedge to bisect line
segments and angles and construct perpendicular
and parallels
illustrates polygons: (a) convexity; (b) angles; and ©
sides

derives inductively the relationship of exterior and

interior angles of a convex polygon
illustrates a circle and the terms related to it: radius,
diameter chord, center, arc, chord, central angle
and inscribed angle
construct triangles, squares, rectangles, regular
pentagons, and regular hexagons
solves problems involving sides and angles of
polygon
Polynomials
Polynomial is a mathematical expression of one or more algebraic terms
each of which consists of multiplied by one or more variables raised to a
nonnegative integral power.

Example:
1. 5x

2. 3m-52

3. 2c2 – 3c + 7

Exercise # 1:
Identify whether the given expression is a polynomial.
1. -4pqr

2. y5 + 2y-3

3. 9a6

4. 96a

5. 8 + 2√a

Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials

In adding and subtracting polynomials is combining similar terms, with
some order of operations.

Example:
1. 3m + 7m – 5m – 2m
3m

2. (6a + 8b) + (5a – 5b) – (9a)

6a + 8b + 5a – 5b – 9a
6a + 5a – 9a + 8b – 5b
2a + 3b

3. (7x3 + 2x2 – 9x + 8) – (5x3 + 9x2 – 3x + 8) + (x3 + 2x2 + 4x + 3)

7x3 + 2x2 – 9x + 8 - 5x3 - 9x2 + 3x - 8 + x3 + 2x2 + 4x + 3
7x3 – 5x3 + x3 +2x2 – 9x2 + 2x2 – 9x – 3x + 4x + 8 – 8 + 3
3x3 – 5x2 – 8x + 3

4. 20 – {7x3 – (5x3 + 9x2 – 3x + 10) + 8x3}

20 – {7x3 – 5x3 - 9x2 + 3x +10 + 8x3}
20 – {10x3 – 9x2 + 3x + 10}
20 - 10x3 + 9x2 - 3x – 10
-10x3 + 9x2 - 3x + 10
Exercise #2:
1. 2a + 3b – 4c – a – 3b + 4c

2. (6x + 7y) + (9x - 11y)

3. (12m – 5n) – (5m – 4n)

4. (36c4 + 18c – 20c3 + 9 + 12c2) + (11c – 18c3 + 7c4)

5. 7x + {12x – 5 + (40x – 12x +16) – 23x + 45}

6. Add 20m2 + 18m – 9 to 10m2 - 10m – 6

7. Subtract 54a from 17a + 23

8. Subtract 34v2 + 81v to 29v2 - 12

9. Add 20b2 + 30b from the difference of 9b2 - 12 and 7b2 + 8b

10. Subtract 14m3 + 8m2 - 10 to the sum of 13m and 10m3 + 12

Laws of Exponents
Laws of exponents are rules for multiplication and division of polynomials.

First Law: (xm)(xn) = xm + n

1. (23)(2)(24) = 23+1+4 = 28 = 256

2. (3m)3(3m)2 = (3m)5

3. (5x3)(2x3)(2x5) = 20x3+3+5 = 20x11

Second Law: (xm)n = xmn

1. (x3)4 = x12

2. (y5)2 = y10

3. (m6)3 = m18

Third Law: (xmym)n = xmn ymn

1. (2a3b4)2 = 22a3(2)b4(2) = 4a6b8

2. (-3m4p7)4 = -34m4(4)p7(4) = 81m16p28

3. (5x4y7)a = 5ax4ay7a
Fourth Law: xm / xn= xm-n
1. a7 / a5

= a7-5

= a2

2. 12x10 / 4x10

= 3x0

=3

3. 28b7 / 7b15

=4b-8

= 4 / b8

Exercise #3:

Simplify:
1. 3 (2x4)

2. (5m4)(-3m2n3)

3. 80

4. 50z12 / 5z5

5. -34yz12 / 17y5z5

6. (3x2y3z4)-3

7. 15z-5

8. 15mn-4p35m / -3m-2p30

9. (4m2n9p8)0

10. f5(f-7)(f4)
Multiplication of Polynomials
Certain types of binomial multiplication sometimes produce results that are
called special products. Special products have predictable terms. Although
the distributive property can always be used to multiply any binomials,
recognition of those that produce special products provides a problem-
solving shortcut.

A. Product of Monomial to Polynomial:

1. m(b + c + d) Distribute m to each term
m(b) = ab
m(c) = ac
m(d) = ad
mb + mc + md Our Solution
Therefore m(b + c + d) = mb + mc + md

2. -3x(7x2 – 8x + 10) Distribute -3x to each term

-3x(7x ) = -21x
2 3

-3x(-8x) = 24x2
-3x(10) = – 30x
-21x3 + 24x2 – 30x Our Solution
Therefore -3x (7x – 8x + 10) = -21x3 + 24x2 – 30x
2

3. 6a2b3(4ab - 5a2b + 3ab3 – 20) Distribute 6a2b3 to each term

6a2b3(4ab) = 24a3b4
6a2b3(-5a2b) = -30a4b4
6a2b3(3ab3) = 18a3b6
6a2b3(-20) = -120a2b3
24a3b4 – 30a4b4 + 18a3b6 – 120a2b3
Therefore 6a2b3(4ab - 5a2b + 3ab3 – 20) = 24a3b4 – 30a4b4 +
18a3b6 – 120a2b3

Exercise #4:
1. 2m(7m – 8) = ________________________________

2. -7ab(a + 3b) = ________________________________

3. 4k3(f – 5g + 6h) = ________________________________

4. -9(20x2 + 6x3y – 10x4y2) = ________________________________

5. 5m2n5(12m3 + 6n5) = ________________________________

6. 0.7xy2(12x2y – 8xy + 10) = ________________________________

7. ½ m4n3(8mn + 4m2n3 – 4) = ________________________________

8. -3a6(4a + 4b – 4c) = ________________________________

9. 4bc4(9b2c – 6b4c4 + 10) = ________________________________

10. ¾h3t4(16h2t2 – 28h3t3) = ________________________________

B. Sum and Difference: (x+ y) (x – y)

1. (x+ y) (x – y) Distributive (x + y)

x(x + y) – y(x + y) Distribute a and – b

x2 + xy –xy - y2 Combine like terms xy – xy

x2 - y2 Our solution

Therefore (x+ y) (x – y) = x2 - y2

2. (5m + 3) (5m – 3)

(5m)2 – (3)2

25m2 – 9

Therefore (5m + 3) (5m – 3) = 25m2 – 9

3. (3d – 7) (3d + 7) = 9d2 – 49

The important part of this is the middle terms

subtracted to zero. Rather than going through all this
work, when we have a sum and difference we will jump
right to our solution by squaring the first term and
squaring the last term, putting a subtraction between
them.
Exercise #5:
1. (x + 9) (x – 9)

2. (13a + 1) (13a – 1)

3. (5m – 4) (5m + 4)

4. (2y – 7z) (2y + 7z)

5. (d + 6b) (d – 6b)
 6. (11x – 9) ( 11x + 9)

7. (9d + 13) (9d – 13)

8. (120 + 5ab) (120 – 5ab)

9. [30 – (x - y)] [30 + (x - y)]

10. [(m – n) - (a - b)] [(m – n) + (a - b)]

C. Square of a Binomial: (x + y)2 or (x – y)2

1. (x + y)2 Squared is same as multiplying by itself

(x + y) (x + y) Distribute (x + y)

x(x + y) + y(x + y) Distribute again through final parenthesis

x2 + xy + xy + y2 Combine like terms xy + xy

x2 + 2xy + y2 Our Solution

Therefore (x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2

2. (m – 5)2 Recognize perfect square

m2 Square the first

2(m)(-5) = -10m Twice the product

(-5)2 = 25 Square the last

m2 – 10m + 25 Our Solution

Therefore (m - 5)2 = m2 – 10m + 25

4. (4a + 3b)2

(4a)2+ 2(12ab) + (3b)2

16a2 + 24ab + 9b2

Therefore (4a + 3b)2 = 16a2 + 24ab + 9b2

Exercise #6:

Find the special product.

1. (2a – b)2 = _________________________________________

2. (5b + 1)2 = _________________________________________

3. (8m – 9)2 = _________________________________________

4. (3x + 6)2 = _________________________________________

5. (4x + 11y)2 = _______________________________________

6. (12c – 2)2 = _________________________________________

7. (18f + 5)2 = ________________________________________

8. 5(3abc – 7b)2 = _____________________________________

9. (8x + y)2 = _________________________________________

10. [(2a + 3) – 9b]2 = __________________________________

D. Product of Dissimilar Binomials: (a + b) (c + d)

1. (a +b) (c + d) Using FOIL in finding the product

a(c) = ac Multiply the first terms of two binomials

a(d) = ad Multiply the outer terms of two binomials

b(c) = bc Multiply the inner terms of two binomials

b(d) = bd Multiply the last terms of two binomials

ac + ad + bc + bd Solution

Therefore (a + b) (c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd

2. (3x + 4) (7x + 2) Using FOIL in finding the product

3x(7x) = 21x2 Multiply the first terms of two binomials

3x(2) = 6x Multiply the outer terms of two binomials

 4(7x) = 28x Multiply the inner terms of two binomials

4(2) = 8 Multiply the last terms of two binomials

21x2 + 6x + 28x + 8 Solution

21x2 + 34x + 8 Combine the similar terms

Therefore (3x + 4) (7x + 2) = 21x2 + 34x + 8

3. (5m - n) (2m – 3n) Using FOIL in finding the product

5m(2m) = 10m2 Multiply the first terms of two binomials

5m(-3n) = -15mn Multiply the outer terms of two binomials

-n(2m) = -2mn Multiply the inner terms of two binomials

-n(-3n) = 3n2 Multiply the last terms of two binomials

10m2 -15mn –2mn + 3n2. Solution

10m2 -17mn + 3n2 Combine similar terms

Therefore (5m - n) (2m – 3n) = 10m2 -17mn + 3n2

Exercise #7:
1.(b + 5) (4b + 7) = _____________________________________

2. (3x – 9)(6x – 1) = _____________________________________

3. (12 + 5m)(3 – m) = _____________________________________

4. (2y – 7)(3y + 8) = _____________________________________

5. (4a – 3b)(a + 3b) = _____________________________________

6. (7xy + 3)(4xy + 9) = _____________________________________

7. (2k + 5)(3k – 12) = _____________________________________

8. (9h – 10)(7h – 5) = _____________________________________

9. (h + 1)(2h – 3) = _____________________________________

10.(4g – 2)(g – 1) = _____________________________________

E. Cube of a Binomial: (a + b)3 or (a – b)3

1. (a + b)3 Sum of cubes

(a)3 Cube of the first term

3(a2)(b) Plus three times the square of the first term by

the second term

3(a)(b2) Plus three times the first term by the square of

the second term

(b)3 Plus the cube of the second term

a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 Our solution

Therefore (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3

2. (x - y)3 Difference of cubes

(x)3 = x3 Cube of the first term

3(x2)(-y) = -3x2y Minus three times the square of the first term by
the second term

3(x)(y2) = 3xy2 Plus three times the first term by the square of
the second term

(-y)3 = -y3 Minus the cube of the second term

x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 Our solution

Therefore (x - y)3 = x3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 - y3

3. (2m – 5)3 Difference of cubes

(2m)3 = 8m3 Cube of the first term

3(2m)2(-5) = -60m2 Minus three times the square of the first term by
the second term

3(2m)(-5)2 = 150m Plus three times the first term by the square of
the second term

(-5)3 = -125 Minus the cube of the second term.

8m3 - 60m2 + 150m - 125 Our solution

Therefore (2m - 5)3 = 8m3 - 60m2 + 150m - 125

Exercise #8:
1. (m + 6)3

2. (3x – 7)3

3. (5m – 1)3

4. (x2 + ½y)3

5. (5b + 10c)3

6. 6(7n – 4)3

7. -8d2(10 – 3h)3

8. (a – 1)2(a + 1)3

9. (m + 2)]3

10. [(d + (s – 3)]3

F. Product of Binomial and Trinomial

(x + y)(x2 – xy + y2) = x3 + y3
(x – y)(x2 + xy + y2) = x3 – y3

Example:
1. (2m + 3)(2m2 – 6m + 9) = 8m3 + 27

2. (5a – 1)(25a2 + 5a + 1) = 125a3 – 1

3. [4b – (x + 2)] [16b2 – 4bx + 8b + x2 + 4x + 4]

Exercise #9:

1. (a + 3)(a2 – 3a + 9)

2. (6b – 5)(36b2 + 30b + 25)

3. (7v – h)(47v2 + 7hv + h2)

4. (mn + x2)(m2n2 – mnx2 + x4)

5. (3d – 9m)(9d2 + 27dm + 81m2)

Word Problems Involving Algebraic Expressions
Example:
1. The length of a rectangle is 5 in more than its width. If the width
is 8x in, find the perimeter of the rectangle.

Width is 8x in

Length is 8x + 5

Perimeter = 2l + 2w
P = 2(8x + 5) + 2(8x)
P = 16x + 10 + 16x
P = (32x + 10) in

2. Barnie earns Php35 per hour for delivering food. He worked y hours
this week. Barnie was given a penalty of paying Php20 for delivering
the food late. How much money did Barnie earn this week?

Php35 per hour

y for number of hours he worked
Php20 penalty for delivering late
35y – 20 is the total earning of Barnie this week

3. Bryane wants to put tiles on the floor of their kitchen. The width of the
kitchen is (3x + 2) meter while the length is (9x – 1) meter. What is
the area of the kitchen?

Length is (9x - 1) meters

Width is (3x + 2) meters
Area = lw
A = (9x – 1) (3x + 2)
A = 27x2 + 18x – 3x – 2
A = 27x2 + 15x – 2 meters2

Exercise #10:
1. The Tan family spends x hours on the bus to Bulacan and 15 more
minutes on the bus back home than on the bus to Bulacan. Write an
algebraic expression for the time the Tan family spends on the bus.

2. Paulyn sells daisies and roses. What is the cost of 18 daisies (d) and 12
roses (r)?

3. You are saving for a mountain bike. Your mother gives you Php500 to
start and you save Php300 each week. Write an algebraic expression for the
number of weeks.
Equation
An equation is a mathematical statement that two things are equal. It
consists of two expressions, one on each side of an 'equals' sign. While
expression is a phrase, a sentence fragments.

Example:
1. 3x = 15

2. x3=5

3. x + 7 = 2x – 6

Exercise #11:
Identify if it is an expression or equation.
1. 3m + 6

2. x-23=1

3. 5a + 4 = 30

4. x3-12

5. 8 – 3x2

6. x = 6 + 2x

7. 4a – 7 = 2a – 8

8. 8m

9. x-23= x + 3 2

10. 3x-25= 2x- 3 3

Linear Equation
An equation having the maximum order of 1 is known as a linear equation.

Example:
1. x + 8 = 12

2. 5x = 20

3. 7d – d = 12

4. 5x-123=8

5. y – 34 = 4y + 3
Solving linear equations in one variable.
1. x + 8 = 12

x + 8 – 8 = 12 – 8 Subtract 8 to both sides of equation

x=4 The value of x is 4

Check: x + 8 = 12
4 + 8 = 12
12 = 12

2. 5x = 20

5x/5=20/5 Divide both sides of equation by 5

x = 4 The value of x is 4.

Check:
5x = 20

5(4) = 20

20 = 20

3. 7d – d = 12

6d = 12 Combine similar terms

6d/6=126 Divide both sides of equation by 6

d=2 The values of d is 2

Check:
7d – d = 12

7(2) – 2 = 12

14 – 2 = 12

12 = 12
4. 5x-12/3=8

3(5x-12/3)=3(8) Multiply both sides of equation by 3

5x – 12 + 12 = 24 + 12 Add 12 to both sides of equation

5x = 36

5x/5=36/5 Divide both sides of the equation by 5

x = 36/5 or 7 1/5 The value of x is 36/5 or 7 1/5

Check:
5x-12/3=8

5(36/5)-12/3=8

(36 -12)/3=8

24/3=8

8=8

5. y – 34 = 4y + 3

y – 34 – y = 4y + 3 – y

-34 = 3 + 3y

-34 – 3 = 3 + 3y - 3

- 37 = 3y

-37/3=3y/3

-37/3=y

Check:
y – 34 = 4y + 3

-37/3 - 34= 4(- 37/3) + 3

-37/3- 102/3=-148/3+ 9/3

-139/3= -139/3
Exercise #12:
Solve for x.
1. x + 12 = 20

2. x – 5 = -4

3. 7x = 21

4. x3=16

5. 6x + 5 = 2x – 7

6. -2(2x + 7) = 3x – 1

7. 5x-123= 2x + 63

8. x – 7x + 5 = 25 – 5x

9. 2x(5) – 6 = 3(4x) + 8

10. 7x4=8

Applying Equations
A. Number Problems
1. When 5 times a number is increased by 7, the result is 47. Find the
number.

Let x be the number

5x -five times a number
5x + 7 - five times a number increased by 7
47 - the result

5x + 7 = 47
5x + 7 = 47
-7=-7
5x = 40
5 5
x=8
Checking:
5x + 7 = 47
5(8) + 7 = 47
40 + 7 = 47
47 = 47
2. If one number is four times as large as another number and the
smaller number is increased by 20, the result is 8 less than twice the
larger number. What is the larger number?

Let x - be the smaller number

4x - larger number
x + 20 - smaller number increased by 20
2(4x) - 8 - result

x + 20 = 8x - 8
-8x - 20 = -8x - 20
-7x = - 28
-7 -7
x = 4 smaller number
4(4) = 16 larger number

Checking:
x + 20 = 2(4x) - 8
4 + 20 = 2(4*4) - 8
24 = 32 - 8
24 = 24

Exercise:
1. The sum of two numbers is 38. One of the numbers exceeds the other
by 12. Find the numbers.
2. The difference between the two numbers is 12. The ratio of the two
numbers is 5:2. What are the two numbers?

Consecutive Problems
1. The sum of three consecutive numbers is 48. Find the numbers.
Let x - be the first number
x + 1 - be the second number
x + 2 - be the third number
48 - sum of the three numbers

x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 48
3x + 3 = 48
- 3 = -3
3x = 45
3 = 3

x = 15 first number
x + 1 = 16 second number
x + 2 = 17 third number
2. The sum of two consecutive odd numbers is 44. What are the
numbers?
Let x be the first odd number
x + 2 be the second odd number

x + (x + 2) = 44
2x + 2 = 44
-2 = -2
2x = 42
2 2
x = 21 first odd number
x + 2 = 21 + 2 = 23 second odd number

Exercise #13:
1. The sum of the least and greatest of three consecutive even numbers
is 64. What are the values of three consecutive even numbers?

2. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are consecutive odd numbers.

What is the length of the longest side if the perimeter is 45?

Age Problems
1. Mario is nine years older than Danica. Three years ago, Mario was four
times as old as Danica. Find their present age.

Let x be the age of Danica

x + 9 - be the age of Mario
x - 3 - Danica’s age three years ago
x + 6 Mario’s age three years ago
x + 6 = 4(x - 3)
x + 6 = 4x - 12
-4x - 6 = -4x - 6

-3x = -18
-3 -3
x = 6 Danica is 6 years old
x + 9 = 6 + 9 = 15 Mario is 15 years old

2. Andy is 4 years older than Evelyn. If the sum of their ages is 104, how
old are Andy and Evelyn?

Let x - be the age of Evelyn

x + 4 - be the age of Andy
x + x+ 4 = 104
2x + 4 = 104
- 4 = -4
2x = 100
2 2
x = 50 Evelyn is 50 years old
x + 4 = 50 + 4 = 54 Andy is 54 years old
Exercise #14:
1. JM is 20 years younger than Carlo. In two years Carlo will be twice as
old as JM. How old are they now?

2. The sum of the ages of Jisoo and Jennie is 32. In two years Jisoo will
be three times as old as Jennie. How old are they now?

Inequalities
Inequalities are mathematical sentences formed by relating two expressions
to each other. In inequalities, the two expressions are not necessarily equal
which is indicated by the symbols: >, <, ≤ or ≥.
Example:
x>5

Solution: {6, 7, 8, . . .}

2. x < -3

Solution: {-4, -5, -6, . . .}

3. 2x + 5 > 11
2x + 5 - 5 > 11 – 5 Solution: {4, 5, 6, . . .}
2x > 6
x>3

4. 3x ≥ 2x - 8
3x - 2x ≥ -8 Solution: {-8, -7, -6, . . .}
x ≥ -8
Exercise #15:
Solve for x and graph in number line.
1. 5x < 20

2. 2x + 6 > 5x – 9

3. 7x - 2(x + 5) ≥ 10

4. x - 6 < 5x + 7

5. 2(x - 3) > 3x + 1

GEOMETRY
Geometry comes from two Greek words, “ge” meaning “earth” and
“metria” meaning “measuring.” The approach to Geometry developed by
the Ancient Greeks has been used for over 2000 years as the basis of
geometry.

Undefined Terms

1. Point is the most basic geometric figure. It has a position but it has
neither size nor shape. Use capital letter to name the point.

Point M
M

2. Line is defined as something that extends infinitely in either

direction but has no width and is one dimensional. We can use 2
capital letter or one small letter
l

Line ML or ML M L
or line l

3. Plane is flat surface in which any two points are joined by a line that
lies entirely on the surface. The whiteboard of a classroom is an
example of a vertical plane and the ceiling of a house of a horizontal
plane.
P A

M L
 Collinear Points are points that lie on the same line.

Coplanar points are points that are on the same plane.

H O

E P

Exercise #16:
Tell whether a point, a line, or a plane is illustrated by the following.
1. Tip of a marker

2. Picture frame in the wall

3. Edge of the two

4. Corner of ceiling and 2 walls

5. Window pane

Kinds of Lines
1. Line is straight (no bends), has no thickness and extends in both
directions without end (infinitely).

2. Ray is a line with arrow and has fixed starting point. It can be extend
infinitely in one direction.

3. Line Segment is a line but two endpoints whose length is fixed.

4. Intersecting Lines are two lines that are share exactly one point.
The shared point is called point of intersection.
 5. Perpendicular Lines are two lines that meet or intersect each other
at right angles (90°).

6. Parallel Lines are two or more lines that are the same distance apart,
never merging and never diverging

Angles
Angle can be defined as the figure formed by two rays meeting at a
common end point known as the vertex of the angle.

1. Acute angles measure less than 90°

2. Right angles measure exactly 90°

3. Obtuse angles measure more than 90° but less than 180°.
4. Straight angles measure exactly 180°

5. Reflex angles measures more than 180° but less than 360°.

6. Congruent angles are two or more angles whose measure are equal.

7. Complementary angles are two angles whose sum is 90°

8. Supplementary angles are two angles whose sum is 180°.

9. Adjacent angles are two angles that have a common vertex and a
common side but do not overlap.
 10. Vertical angles are pair angles formed when two lines intersect.
Vertical angles are sometimes referred to as vertically opposite angles
because the angles are opposite to each other.

11. Linear Pair are two angles that are adjacent and supplementary.

Exercise #16:

Match each term on the right with its description on the left.

____ 1. A part of a line with two endpoints a. coplanar points

____ 2. Has length, but no width or thickness b. line

____ 3. Points that lie on the same line c. angle

____ 4. Angle whose measures is 90° d. line segment

____ 5. Two lines that intersect at right angles e. collinear points

____ 6. Has exact location in space or a flat surface f. plane

____ 7. Points that lie on the same plane g. point

____ 8. Union of two rays with common endpoint h. parallel lines

____ 9. A flat surface i. right angle

____ 10. Two lines that never intersect j. perpendicular lines

Exercise #17:

Classify each of the following as acute, right, straight, obtuse or reflex

angle.

(9) (10)

Exercise #18:

A. Find the complementary angle of each of the following angles.

1. 36° 2. 70° 3. X 4. M – 90

B. Find the supplementary angle of each of the following angles.

1. 102° 2. 45° 4. Y 4. N – 100
 C. For each of the following figures, find the value of the unknown.

1. 2.
a

a = ________ x = ________

3. 4.

x = ________ x = ________

5. 6. a = ________
b = ________
b
c = ________
d = ________
e = ________
72°

b = ________

Angles Formed by Two Parallel Lines and a Transversal

When parallel lines get crossed by another line which is called transversal
line there are many angles that are the same.

a b l1
c d
l2
e f
g h

t
 1. Vertical Angles are pair angles formed when two lines intersect.

a and d a ≅ d
b and c b ≅ c
e and h e ≅ h
f and g f ≅ g

2. Alternate Angles

Alternate Interior angles are a pair of angle on the inner side of

each of those two lines but on opposite sides of the transversal.

c and f c≅ f
d and e d≅ e

Alternate Exterior angles are a pair of angle on the outer side of

each of those two lines but on opposite sides of the transversal.

a and h a≅ h
b and g b≅ g

3. Corresponding angles are located in the same relative position an

intersection of transversal and two or more straight lines.

a and e a ≅ e
b and f b ≅ f
d and h d ≅ h
c and g c ≅ g
Example:
E F
BE // DF
a = ________
23°
b = ________
c = ________
d = ________
e = ________
a°
c° d° e° b°
229°
A B. C. D
m b = 360° – 229° = 131° (one circle = 360°)

m. c = 180° - a = 180° – 131° = 49° (linear pair or supplementary

angles)

m d = 180° – (m c + 23° ) = 180° – (49° + 23°) = 108° (the sum of 3

angles of the triangle is 180 )

m e = 180° – m d = 180° – 108° = 72° (linear pair or supplementary

angles)

Exercise #18:

Identify each pair of angles as corresponding, alternate interior, alternate

exterior, or vertical angles.

1. a
b

2.
a
b

3. a

a
4.
b

5. a

b
Solve for x.

6.

21x + 6

7. 23x - 5

21x + 65

8.

-1 + 14x
12x + 17