International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 17 2018, 1143-1156

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

Utilisation of Waste Plastic in Bituminous Roads – A Review

MRS.KALPANA1, D.SURENDARAN2

1. Associate Professor, 2. Undergraduate student

Department of Civil Engineering,
Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences, Chennai-602105.
Email- [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: temperatures oft cross 50°C and torrential

rains produce disturbance, departure most of
Disposal of waste materials together with
the roads with massive potholes. In my
waste plastic baggage has become a
analysis work I even have done a radical
significant drawback and waste plastics area
study on the methodology of victimisation
unit burnt for apparent disposal that cause
plastic waste in hydrocarbon mixes and given
environmental pollution. Utilization of waste
thevarious tests performed on aggregates and
plastic baggage in hydrocarbon combinees
hydrocarbon.
has tested that these enhance the properties of
mix additionally to determination disposal
KEYWORDS: Plastic Waste, Bitumen,
issues. Plastic waste that is cleansed is
Aggregates, Plastic Roads
remove a size specified it passes through 2-
3mm sieve victimisation shredding machine.
INTRODUCTION:
The aggregate mix is heated and also the
A material that contains one or additional
plastic is effectively coated over the
organic polymers of huge relative molecular
combination. This plastic waste coated
mass, solid in its finished state and at some
mixture is combineed with hot hydrocarbon
state whereas producing or process into
and also the resulted mix is employed for
finished articles, may be formed by its flow,
construction. the utilization of the innovative
is named as ‘Plastic’. Plastics area unit sturdy
technology won't solely strengthen the
and degrade terribly slowly; the chemical
construction however conjointly increase the
bonds that build plastic thus sturdy build it
road life yet as can facilitate to boost the
equally proof against natural processes of
surroundings. Plastic roads would be a boon
degradation. Plastics may be divided in to 2
for India’s hot and very wet climate, wherever

1143
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

major categories: thermoses and by ten. It conjointly will increase the strength
thermoplastics. A thermosetting and performance of the road. Plastic will
solidifies or “sets” irreversibly once heated. increase the freezing point of hydrocarbon
in step with recent studies, plastics will keep and thus missing may be wiped out additional
unchanged for as long as 4500 years on earth higher and easier approach. Inclusion of
with increase within the world population and plastic waste in construction eliminates the
also the rising demand for food and different plastic shrinkage cracking of paved surface
necessities, there has been an increase within and reduces the drying shrinkage to some
the quantity of waste being generated daily by extent.
every house. Plastic in several forms is found The uses of plastic waste helps in
to be nearly five-hitter in municipal solid considerably up the abrasion and slip
waste, that is unhealthful in nature. it's a resistance of versatile pavement and
standard sight in each urban and rural areas to conjointly permits to get values of ripping
search out empty plastic baggage and lastingness happy the required limits whereas
different variety of plastic wadding littering plastic waste content is on the far side half-
the roads yet as drains. thanks to its hour by weight of combine. If the consistent
biodegradability it creates stagnation of water commixture time and commixture
and associated hygiene issues. so as to contain temperature don't seem to be provided for
this drawback experiments are dispensed bitumen– modifier combine, changed
whether or not this waste plastic may be hydrocarbon cannot exhibit sensible
reused fruitfully. Plastic waste is employed as performance in place, therefore premature
modifier of hydrocarbon to boost a number of failures can occur. Therefore, there area unit
hydrocarbon properties Roads that area unit bound counseled commixture time,
made victimisation plastic waste area unit commixture temperature and modifier
referred to as Plastic Roads and area unit content for all the polymers with a trademark.
found to perform higher compared to those This all ought to be taken in mind whereas
made with typical hydrocarbon. more it's missing and giving birth of roads is to be done
been found that such roads weren't subjected victimisation plastic waste. Plastic road
to denudation once are available in contact would be a boon for India. In hot and very wet
with water. Use of upper share of plastic climate sturdy and eco-friendly plastic roads
waste reduces the necessity of hydrocarbon area unit of greatest blessings. this can

1144
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

conjointly facilitate in experience the world FTIR spectroscopy was also employed to
from all variety of plastic waste. study the chemical functionalities present in
the bitumen composite. The properties of the
LITERATURE REVIEW: unmodified bitumen were found to be
enhanced with the changes recorded in the
[1] Johnson Kwabena Appiah, Victor Nana
rheological properties of the polymer
Berko-Boateng, Trinity Ama Tagbor
modified bitumen (PMB). It was observed
“USE OF WASTE PLASTIC
that polypropylene polymer, showed
MATERIALS FOR ROAD
profound effect on homogeneity and
CONSTRUCTION IN GHANA”, Case
compatibility with slight linear increment in
Studies in Construction Materials 6 (2017)
the viscosity, softening and penetration
PP1-7:This paper forms part of research to
values as against relatively high changes for
solve two main problems in Ghana: firstly,
HDPE modified bitumen.
the management of municipal solid waste
(MSW), particularly with regards to used [2] Amit Gawande, G. Zamare, V.C.
plastics which have overwhelmed major Rengea, Saurabh Tayde, G. Bharsakale,
cities and towns; secondly, the formation of “AN OVERVIEW ON WASTE PLASTIC
potholes on roads due to excessive traffic and UTILIZATION IN
axle weight. ASPHALTING OF ROADS” Journal of
This study examines the effect of blending Engineering Research and
waste thermoplastic polymers, namely High StudiesEISSN0976-7916Vol. III/ Issue
density polyethylene (HDPE) and II/AprilJune,2012/01-05:The quantum of
Polypropylene (PP) in Conventional AC-20 plastic waste in municipal solid waste (MSW)
graded bitumen, at various plastic is increasing due to increase in population,
compositions. The plastics were shredded and urbanization, development activities and
blended with the bitumen ‘in-situ’, with a changes in life style which leading
shear mixer at a temperature range of 160°C– widespread littering on the landscape. Thus
170°C. Basic rheological parameters such as disposal of waste plastic is a menace and
penetration, ring & ball softening point and become a serious problem globally due to
viscosity tests were employed to determine their non-biodegradability and unaesthetic
the resulting changes from base bitumen. view. Since these are not disposed

1145
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

scientifically & possibility to create ground fatigue cracks are very common. In this study,
and water pollution. This waste plastic Low Density and High Density Polyethylene
partially replaced the conventional material to and Crumb rubber were used as additions to
improve desired mechanical characteristics base bitumen. Complex modulus (G*) and
for particular road mix. In the present paper phase angle (δ) obtained from Dynamic Shear
developed techniques to use plastic waste for Rheometer (DSR) are the basic perimeters
construction purpose of roads and flexible used to evaluate the behavior of the binder in
pavements has reviewed. In conventional respect to rutting and fatigue cracking. It was
road making process bitumen is used as concluded that Low Density Polyethylene
binder. Such bitumen can be modified with (LDPE), High
waste plastic pieces andbitumen mix is made Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and Crumb
which can be used as a top layer coat of Rubber (CR) modified binder showed
flexible pavement. This waste plastic significant improvement in rheological
modified bitumen mix show better binding properties of the binder. Furthermore,
property, stability, density and more resistant recycling these municipal wastes will
to water. contribute to solving environmental problems
in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia caused by the
[3] Imran M. Khan, Shahid Kabir, Majed piling up of these wastes in dumpsites.
A. Alhussain, Feras F. Almansoor
[4]Utibe J. Nkanga, Johnson A.
“ASPHALT DESIGN USING
Joseph,Feyisayo V. Adams, Obioma U.
RECYCLED PLASTIC AND
Uche “CHARACTERIZATION OF
CRUMBRUBBER WASTE FOR
BITUMEN/PLASTIC BLENDS FOR
SUSTAINABLE
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION”,
APPLICATION”,Procedia
Procedia Engineering 145( 2016):The
Manufacturing 7(2017)PP 490-496:Waste
seasonal change in temperature and loading
plastic materials including low density
nature has a significant effect on asphalt
polyethylene (LDPE) grocery bags etc. are
behavior because of its viscoelastic nature.
disposed through landfills: this poses an
Several types of flexible pavement
environmental pollution due to difficult in
failure/distress occur due to this behavior of
degradation of polymeric materials by
asphalt binder, among which rutting and

1146
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

environmental factors. Waste plastic Engineering, ISSN: 0975 – 6744| Nov 14 to

materials can improve desired properties of Oct 15 | Volume 3, Issue 2
bituminous mix for repair and construction of pp213216:Disposal of waste materials
flexible pavements. In this project, various including waste plastic bags has become a
proportions of polymeric materials blended serious problem and waste plastics are burnt
with bituminous mix were characterized. for apparent disposal which cause
Strength and performance of bitumen/plastic environmental pollution. Utilization of waste
blends were tested through marshall stability plastic bags in bituminous mixes has proved
test, extraction test, sieve analysis, water that these enhance the properties of mix in
absorption tests and bulk density. The results addition to solving disposal problems. Plastic
showed that bitumen/plastic blend has higher waste which is cleaned is cut into a size such
marshall stability of range 14.03 to 14.80 KN that it passes through 1-2 mm sieve using
compared to conventional bituminous shredding machine. The aggregate mix is
mixcsample which has a value of 11.35 KN. heated and the plastic is effectively coated
They also showed higher void air, lower bulk over the aggregate. The use of the innovative
density and Marshall flow than the technology will not only strengthen the road
conventional bituminous mix. The results construction but also increase the road life as
from the proportions of aggregate and quarry well as will help to improve the environment.
dust used in sieve analysis showed ratio 50:50 The study was conducted to study the effects
to be more appropriate for bitumen/plastic of the use of pieces of rubber as a partial
blends. This project also proves that waste substitute in bitumen. Bitumen is one of the
plastics can be used efficiently for road binder materials used in construction of roads
repairs and construction resulting in more and pave has increased prices and costs to
sustainable and better roads with high achieve it. As a result of increasing economic
performance and durability. and traffic load, road bitumen structure
designed should have the durability and
[5] Shivraj Sarojero Patil,
capability services play a key role in the
“EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON
communication network, the most important.
BITUMEN WITH SYNTHETIC
Objective of this study is to reduce the
FIBER”, Journal of Information,
quantity of bitumen used and replaced with
Knowledge and Research in Civil
pieces of rubber. Therefore, many efforts

1147
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

have been undertaken to improve the quality The use of the innovative technology will not
of the existing bitumen. In this study, bitumen only strengthen the road construction but also
grade is done with the addition of various increase the road life as well as will help to
pieces of rubber per cent content. Percentage improve the environment. Plastic roads would
of rubber used is 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and be a boon for India’s hot and extremely humid
10% of the total amount of bitumen used. climate, where temperatures frequently cross
Overall analysis will shows, the addition of 50°C and torrential rains create havoc,
pieces of rubber in the mixture can enhance leaving most of the roads with big potholes.
the capability of the mixture pave flexible. In my research work I have done a thorough
study on the methodology of using plastic
waste in bituminous mixes and presented the
[6] Miss Apurva J Chavan,“ USE OF
various tests performed on aggregates and
PLASTIC WASTE IN FLEXIBLE
bitumen.
PAVEMENTS”, International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering
[7]
& Management (IJAIEM), Volume 2,
A.Boomika,M.A.Naveen,J.DanielRichard,
Issue 4, April 2013 PP 540-551:Disposal of
A.Mythili,R.Vetturayasudharsan,“EXPE
waste materials including waste plastic bags
RIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL
has become a serious problem and waste
REPLACEMENT OF BITUMEN WITH
plastics are burnt for apparent disposal which
LIGNIN AND PLASTIC”, SSRG
cause environmental pollution. Utilization of
International Journal of Civil
waste plastic bags in bituminous mixes has
Engineering-Special Issue-April 2017 PP
proved that these enhance the properties of
9-14:A nation’s development mainly depends
mix in addition to solving disposal problems.
on the development of transportation of the
Plastic waste which is cleaned is cut into a
country. As flexible pavement is majorly used
size such that it passes through 2-3mm sieve
in India, it is important that steps has to be
using shredding machine. The aggregate mix
taken to increase the life of the bituminous
is heated and the plastic is effectively coated
pavements. Flexible pavement is often
over the aggregate. This plastic waste coated
subjected to problems like rutting, cracking,
aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen and the
and other failures due to repeated traffic
resulted mix is used for road construction.
loads. In this project, we have used the waste

1148
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

materials like lignin and plastic as a same time, continuous increase in number of
replacement material for bitumen in the vehicles emphasizes on need of roads with
percentage of 5&10%, 10&15%, 15&20%, better quality and engineering design. This
20&25% respectively. It has been found that waste plastic and rubber can be used to
lignin can act as a binding material for asphalt partially replace the conventional material
hence improving the properties of the which is bitumen to improve desired
bitumen. By the mix proportions which is mechanical characteristics for particular road
analyzed and determined by series of tests mix. . In the present study, a comparison is
like penetration, ductility, viscosity, softening carried out between use of waste plastic like
point, it is found that the mix proportion of PET bottles and crumb rubber (3%,
15&20% has efficient results when compared 4.5%,6%,7.5%,9%by weight of bitumen) in
to other proportions used. bitumen concrete mixes to analyze which has
better ability to modify bitumen so as to use it
[8] Athira R Prasad, Dr Sowmya N J, “ for road construction.
BITUMINOUS MODIFICATION WITH
WASTE PLASTIC AND CRUMB [9]Ahmad K. Jassim, “RECYCLING OF

RUBBER”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical POLYETHYLENE WASTE TO

and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) PRODUCE PLASTIC CEMENT”,

eISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Procedia Manufacturing 8 ( 2017 )pp 635 –

Volume 12, Issue 3 Ver. II (May - Jun. 642:Disposal of plastic waste in environment
2015), PP 108-115:The use of waste is considered to be a big problem due to its
materials like plastics and rubber in road very low biodegradability and presence in
construction is being increasingly encouraged large quantities. Therefore, finding
so as to reduce environmental impact. Plastics alternative methods of disposing waste by
and rubbers are one of them. . The plastic using friendly methods are becoming a major
waste quantity in municipal solid waste is research issue. In this research, high density
increasing due to increase in population and polyethylene waste is mixed with Portland
changes in life style. .Similarly most tires, cement to investigate the possibility to
especially those fitted to motor vehicles, are produce plastic cement, and study the effect
manufactured from synthetic rubber. of replacing sand by fine polyethylene waste
Disposal of both is a serious problem. At the with different percentage on the properties of

1149
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

product. The experiments were done by using social benefits are the encouraging factors for
the waste of polyethylene packages include pavement recycling. The global objective of
bottle and food crates in the range of 10% to sustainable development can be achieved by
80% by volume as a short reinforcement making use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
structure. The results show that there is a (RAP) in roadway paving new projects. The
possibility to produce plastic cement from main purpose of this study is to investigate the
polyethylene waste and Portland cement by use of RAP materials in addition of neat
using 60% and 40%, respectively. In addition, bitumen at various types of highway. The
their density was decreased, ductility study describes the determination of
increased, and the workability improved, Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) using
which lead to produce lightweight materials. Marshall Mix Design method at various
bitumen content. The investigation also
[10] R.B.Ahmed, A.Rahman, K.Islam, J. covers the determination of bitumen content
Amin , S. K. Palit, “RECYCLING OF present in RAP and reclaimed aggregate
gradation before Marshall Mix Design and
RECLAIMED BITUMINOUS
finding out the water sensitivity of
PAVEMENT MATERIALS”,
International Conference on Research and bituminous mix in terms of retained stability
Innovation in Civil Engineering (ICRICE at OBC. The aggregates of reclaimed
2018):Most of the highways and roads of pavement falls within the envelope for
Bangladesh are generally constructed as continuously graded mix and the binder
flexible pavement and are generally designed content present in RAP is 1.37%. From this
with fresh aggregates and neat bitumen. design, the OBC was found as 4.92% and at
During road reconstruction and rehabilitation, OBC, the retained stability was found as
proper handling of demolished pavement 77.2%. Marshall Mix Design properties at
becomes a great problem. When this OBC of the samples are in specified limit
demolished pavement is not properly according to Marshall Mix Design criteria for
handled, it causes environmental hazards and a new pavement construction. So, it can be
creates disposal problems. Reusing of concluded that reclaimed pavement materials
demolished pavement materials may become with the addition of neat bitumen can be
a possible alternative for pavement reused as bituminous surface course
construction. Environmental, economic, and successfully.

1150
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

[11] Amit Gawande, G. S. Zamre, V. C. [12] Imran M. Khan, Shahid Kabir,

Renge, G. R. Bharsakale, Saurabh Tayde, Majed A. Alhussain, Feras F. Almansoor,
“UTILIZATION OF WASTE PLASTIC “ASPHALT DESIGN USING
IN ASPHALTING OF ROADS”, Sci. Revs. RECYCLED PLASTIC AND
Chem. Commun.: 2(2), 2012, CRUMBRUBBER WASTE FOR
PP147-157:The quantum of plastic waste in SUSTAINABLE
municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION”,
due to increase in population, urbanization, Procedia Engineering 145 ( 2016 ) 1557 –
development activities and changes in life 1564:The seasonal change in temperature and
style, which leading widespread littering on loading nature has a significant effect on
the landscape. Thus disposal of waste plastic asphalt behavior because of its viscoelastic
is a menace and become a serious problem nature. Several types of flexible pavement
globally due to their non-biodegradability and failure/distress occur due to this behavior of
unaesthetic view. Since these are not disposed asphalt binder, among which rutting and
scientifically & possibility to create ground fatigue cracks are very common. In this study,
and water pollution. This waste plastic Low Density and High Density Polyethylene
partially replaced the conventional material to and Crumb rubber were used as additions to
improve desired mechanical characteristics base bitumen (PG 64-10).
for particular road mix. In the present paper Complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ)
developed techniques to use plastic waste for obtained from Dynamic Shear Rheometer
construction purpose of roads and flexible (DSR) are the basic perimeters used to
pavements has reviewed. In conventional evaluate the behavior of the binder in respect
road making process bitumen is used as to rutting and fatigue cracking. It was
binder. Such bitumen can be modified with concluded that Low Density Polyethylene
waste plastic pieces and bitumen mix is made, (LDPE), High Density
which can be used as a top layer coat of Polyethylene (HDPE), and Crumb Rubber
flexible pavement. This waste plastic (CR) modified binder showed significant
modified bitumen mix show better binding improvement in rheological properties of the
property, stability, density and more resistant binder. Furthermore, recycling these
to water. municipal wastes will contribute to solving

1151
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

environmental problems in the Kingdom of problems and, despite some downsides, in the
Saudi Arabia caused by the piling up of these majority of the cases they have demonstrated
wastes in dumpsites. to enhance performance of road’s pavement.
This study reports the results of a literature
[13]Davide Lo Presti, “RECYCLED review upon the existing technologies and
TYRE RUBBER MODIFIED specifications related to the production,
BITUMENS FOR ROAD ASPHALT handling and storage of RTR-MBs and on
MIXTURES: A LITERATURE their current applications within road asphalt
REVIEW”, Construction and Building mixtures. Furthermore, considering that
Materials 49 (2013)PP 863– RTR-MBs technologies are still struggling to
881:Nowadays, only a small percentage of be fully adopted worldwide, mainly because
waste tyres are being land-filled. The of poor information, lack of training of
Recycled Tyre Rubber is being used in new personnel and stakeholders and rare support
tyres, in tyre-derived fuel, in civil engineering of local policies, the present work aims to be
applications and products, in moulded rubber an upto-date reference to clarify benefits and
products, in agricultural uses, recreational issues associated to this family of
and sports applications and in rubber technologies and to finally provide
modified asphalt applications. The benefits of suggestions for their widespread use.
using rubber modified asphalts are being
more widely experienced and recognized, and [14] Farag Khodary, Y. Mohammed, A.
the incorporation of tyres into asphalt is likely Wazeri, “DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF
to increase. The technology with much ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURES
different evidence of success demonstrated MODIFIED WITH CRUMB
by roads built in the last 40 years is the RUBBER/CACO3NANOCOMPOSITE”,
rubberised asphalt mixture obtained through International Journal of Scientific &
the so-called ‘‘wet process’’ which involves Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 3,
the utilisation of the Recycled Tyre Rubber MARCH-2015 PP307-312:Fracture
Modified Bitumens (RTR-MBs). Since mechanices is one of the most important
1960s, asphalt mixtures produced with RTR- methodology that can be use to evaluate
MBs have been used in different parts of the asphalt concrete mixtures resistance to crack
world as solutions for different quality propagation. Semi-Circular Bending (SCB)

1152
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

test is a fast and accurate three-point bending International Journal of the Physical
test, which was originally used in rock Sciences Vol. 7(2), pp. 166 - 170, 9 January,
mechanics, and Viscoelastic material. 2012:Roadways are considered one of the
Asphalt concert material is investigated using most important elements of infrastructure and
semi cracked circular specimen (50 mm they play an essential role in our daily lives.
radius and 63 mm thickness. Crumb rubber In road pavement construction, the use of
was used as asphalt concrete mixtures crumb rubber in the modification of bitumen
modifiers in research with by 10% of the binder is considered as a smart solution for
weight of bitumen. CaCo3was added to the sustainable development by reusing waste
crumb rubber modified heated bitumen by materials. It is believed that crumb rubber
modification level namely 5%, 10%, modifier (CRM) could be one of the
15%,20% and 25%. The result shows that alternative polymer materials in improving
crumb rubber/CaCo3nanocom-posite can be bitumen binder performance properties of hot
used as asphalt modifier and improve both mix asphalt. This study aims to present and
Penetration and softening point for all discuss the findings from some of the studies,
modified bitumen. from the point of on the use of crumb rubber in asphalt
mechanical properties and fracture resistance pavement.
modified asphalt concrete mixtures with 15%
crumb rubber/CaCo3nanocomposite have CONCLUSION:
higher than unmodified mixtures by 34.2% we can conclude that, using plastic waste in
and it is appear that modified mixtures with mix will help reduction in need of bitumen by
15% crumb rubber/CaCo3nanocomposite around 10%, increase the strength and
have two times higher CriticalEnergy Release performance of road, avoid use of anti
Rate (J1C) than unmodified mixtures that stripping agent, avoid disposal of plastic
means the modified mixtures is more waste by incineration and land filling and
resistance to fracture. ultimately develop a technology, which is
eco-friendly. Increased traffic conditions will
[15] Nuha S. Mashaan, Asim Hassan Ali, and are reducing the life span of roads. Plastic
Mohamed Rehan Karim , Mahrez roads are means of prevention and ultimately
Abdelaziz,“AN OVERVIEW OF CRUMB will be the cure. It will save millions of
RUBBER MODIFIED ASPHALT”,

1153
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

dollars in future and reduce the amount of [5] Shivraj Sarojero Patil, “EXPERIMENTAL

resources used for construction. STUDY ON

BITUMEN WITH SYNTHETIC FIBER”, Journal of
Information, Knowledge and Research in Civil
REFERENCE:
Engineering, ISSN: 0975 – 6744| Nov 14 to Oct 15 |
[1] Johnson Kwabena Appiah, Victor Nana Berko- Volume 3, Issue
Boateng, Trinity Ama Tagbor “USE OF WASTE 2 pp213-216
PLASTIC MATERIALS FOR
[6] Miss Apurva J Chavan,“ USE OF PLASTIC
ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN GHANA”,
WASTE IN FLEXIBLE
Case Studies in Construction Materials 6
PAVEMENTS”, International Journal of Application
(2017) PP1-7
[2] Amit Gawande, G. Zamare, V.C. Rengea, Saurabh or Innovation in Engineering & Management

Tayde, G. Bharsakale, (IJAIEM), Volume 2, Issue 4,

“AN OVERVIEW ON WASTE PLASTIC April 2013 PP 540-551

UTILIZATION IN ASPHALTING OF
ROADS”Journal of Engineering Research and [7]
StudiesE-ISSN0976-7916Vol. III/ Issue A.Boomika,M.A.Naveen,J.DanielRichard,A.
II/April-June,2012/01-05 Mythili,R.Vetturayasudharsan,“EXPERIME
NTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL
[3] Imran M. Khan, Shahid Kabir, Majed A. REPLACEMENT OF BITUMEN WITH
Alhussain, Feras F. Almansoor “ASPHALT DESIGN LIGNIN AND PLASTIC”, SSRG
USING RECYCLED PLASTIC AND CRUMB- International Journal of Civil Engineering-
RUBBER WASTE FOR SUSTAINABLE Special Issue-April 2017 PP 9-14
PAVEMENT
CONSTRUCTION”, Procedia Engineering
[8] Athira R Prasad, Dr Sowmya N J, “
145 ( 2016 )
BITUMINOUS MODIFICATION WITH
WASTE PLASTIC AND CRUMB
[4] Utibe J. Nkanga, Johnson A. Joseph,Feyisayo
RUBBER”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil
V. Adams, Obioma U.
Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) eISSN: 2278-1684,p-
Uche “CHARACTERIZATION OF
ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 3 Ver. II (May -
BITUMEN/PLASTIC BLENDS FOR
Jun. 2015), PP 108-1159.Ahmad K. Jassim,
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
“Recycling of Polyethylene Waste to
APPLICATION”,Procedia Manufacturing 7(2017)PP
Produce Plastic Cement”, Procedia
490-496.
Manufacturing 8 (2017)pp 635 – 642

1154
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

[9] Ahmad K. Jassim, “RECYCLING OF RUBBER/CACO3NANOCOMPOSITE”,Int

POLYETHYLENE WASTE TO PRODUCE ernational Journal of Scientific & Engineering
PLASTIC CEMENT”, Procedia Research, Volume 6, Issue 3, MARCH-2015 PP307-
312
Manufacturing 8 ( 2017 )pp 635 – 642

[15] Nuha S. Mashaan, Asim Hassan Ali, Mohamed

[10] R.B.Ahmed, A.Rahman, K.Islam, J.
Rehan Karim , Mahrez
Amin , S. K. Palit, “RECYCLING OF RECLAIMED
Abdelaziz, “AN OVERVIEW OF CRUMB
BITUMINOUS
RUBBER MODIFIED ASPHALT”,
PAVEMENT MATERIALS”, International
International Journal of the Physical
Conference on Research and Innovation in
Civil Engineering (ICRICE 2018) Sciences Vol. 7(2), pp. 166 - 170, 9 January, 2012

[11] Amit Gawande, G. S. Zamre, V. C.

Renge, G. R. Bharsakale, Saurabh Tayde,
“UTILIZATION OF WASTE PLASTIC IN
ASPHALTING OF ROADS”, Sci. Revs.
Chem. Commun.: 2(2), 2012, PP147-157

[12] Imran M. Khan, Shahid Kabir, Majed

A. Alhussain, Feras F. Almansoor,
“ASPHALT DESIGN USING RECYCLED PLASTIC
AND CRUMB-RUBBER
WASTE FOR SUSTAINABLE
PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION”, Procedia
Engineering 145 ( 2016 ) 1557 – 1564

[13] Davide Lo Presti, “RECYCLED TYRE

RUBBER MODIFIED BITUMENS FOR
ROAD ASPHALT MIXTURES: A
LITERATURE REVIEW”, Construction and Building
Materials 49 (2013)PP 863– 881

[14] Farag Khodary, Y. Mohammed, A.

Wazeri, “DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF ASPHALT
CONCRETE MIXTURES
MODIFIED WITH CRUMB

1155
1156